scholarly journals Efficacy of a spot-on formulation containing moxidectin 2.5%/imidacloprid 10% for the treatment of Cercopithifilaria spp. and Onchocerca lupi microfilariae in naturally infected dogs from Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Otranto ◽  
Vito Colella ◽  
Marcos Antônio Bezerra-Santos ◽  
Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan ◽  
Maria Alfonsa Cavalera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Onchocerca Lupi ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Pilot Investigation ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Privately Owned

Abstract Background Onchocerca lupi and Cercopithifilaria spp. are vector-borne filarioids of dogs, which harbour skin microfilariae (mfs), the former being of zoonotic concern. Proper treatment studies using compounds with microfilaricidal activity have not been performed. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the efficacy of a commercially available spot-on formulation containing moxidectin 2.5%/imidacloprid 10% for the treatment of O. lupi or Cercopithifilaria spp. skin-dwelling mfs in naturally infected dogs. Methods Privately owned dogs (n = 393) from southern Portugal were sampled via skin biopsies to identify and count mfs in 20 µl of skin sediment. A total of 22 mfs-positive dogs were allocated to treatment group (n = 11; G1) or left untreated as a control (n = 11; G2). As a pilot investigation to test the treatment efficacy, five dogs assigned to G1 were treated four times at monthly intervals with moxidectin 2.5%/imidacloprid 10% spot-on formulation on SDs 0, 28 (± 2), 56 (± 2), and 84 (± 2). Based on the negative results for both O. lupi and/or Cercopithifilaria spp. mfs of dogs in the pilot study from SD28 onwards, the remaining six dogs in G1 were treated at SD0 and assessed only at SD28. Results Of the 393 animals sampled, 78 (19.8%) scored positive for skin-dwelling mfs. At the pilot investigation, a mean number of 19.6 mfs for O. lupi was recorded among five infected dogs whereas no mfs were detected at SD28. At SD0, the mean number of Cercopithifilaria spp. larvae was 12.6 for G1 and 8.7 for G2. The mean number of mfs for G2 was 20.09. Conclusions Results herein obtained suggest that a single treatment with moxidectin 2.5%/imidacloprid 10% spot-on formulation is efficacious against skin-dwelling mfs in dogs. The microfilaricidal effect of moxidectin could also be useful in reducing the risk of O. lupi infection for humans.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of vector-borne diseases in two groups of domestic dogs from Lisbon, Portugal

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Mafalda Dordio ◽  
Relja Beck ◽  
Telmo Nunes ◽  
Isabel Pereira da Fonseca ◽  
Jacinto Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Status ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Hepatozoon Canis ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Vector Borne

Abstract Background Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBDs) are caused by a wide range of pathogens transmitted by arthropods. They have been an issue of growing importance in recent years; however, there is limited information about the vector-borne pathogens circulating in Portugal. The aim of the present study was to detect canine vector-borne bacteria and protozoa of veterinary and zoonotic importance using molecular methods. Methods One hundred and forty-two dogs from Lisbon, southern Portugal, were tested: 48 dogs from a veterinary hospital clinically suspected of vector-borne diseases and 94 apparently healthy dogs from shelters. Anaplasma spp./Ehrlichia spp., Babesia/Theileria spp., Hepatozoon spp., and Mycoplasma spp. infections were detected by PCR from blood samples and examined under light microscopy. Other information including clinical status and diagnostic test results were collected for each animal. Results Infections were detected by PCR in 48 (33.80%) dogs. Single infections were found in 35 dogs (24.64%), and co-infections were found in 13 (9.15%) dogs. Twenty-nine (20.42%) dogs were positive for Hepatozoon spp., 15 (10.56%) for Mycoplasma spp., 11 (7.75%) for Anaplasma spp./Ehrlichia spp., and six (4.21%) for Babesia spp. DNA sequencing was used to identify Babesia vogeli (2.81%), Babesia canis (1.40%), Hepatozoon canis (20.42%), Mycoplasma haematoparvum (2.11%), Mycoplasma haemocanis (8.45%), Anaplasma platys (7.04%), and Ehrlichia canis (0.70%). Conclusions This is the first molecular identification of B. canis and M. haematoparvum in dogs from southern Portugal. This study highlights the importance of molecular methods to identify CVBD pathogens in endemic areas and helps to guide the clinical approach of veterinarians in practice.

scholarly journals Oligoclonal IgG bands in the cerebrospinal fluid of portuguese patients with multiple sclerosis: negative results indicate benign disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (2b) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Sá ◽  
Lucinda Sequeira ◽  
Maria Edite Rio ◽  
Edward J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Benign Disease ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Oligoclonal Igg ◽  
Oligoclonal Igg Bands

We assessed the frequency of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) restricted oligoclonal IgG bands (IgG-OCB) in Portuguese multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and its relationship with outcome. Paired CSF/serum samples of 406 patients with neurological disorders were submitted to isoelectric focusing with immunodetection of IgG. Ninety-two patients had definite MS; non-MS cases were assembled in groups inflammatory/infectious diseases (ID, n=141) and other/controls (OD, n=173). We found in the MS group: mean duration, 38.9 months; clinically isolated syndromes, 24%; relapsing/remitting course (RR), 65%; in RR patients the mean EDSS was 2.1 and the mean index of progression was 0.31. Positive patterns significantly predominated in MS (82.6%; ID, 40.4%; OD, 3.5%). The sensitivity and the specificity of positive IgG-OCB for MS diagnosis was 82.6% and 79.9%, respectively. The sole statistically significant difference in the MS group was the lower progression index observed in negative cases. We conclude that the frequency of positive IgG-OCB patterns in our MS patients fits most values reported in the literature, and that negative results indicate benign disease.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON THE PUBLIC HEALTH INCREASING THE BACTERIAL CAUSING INFECTIOUS DISEASES PERFORMED BY EXPERIMENT: VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES INSECTS, TAIF, KSA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 42-53
Author(s):  
Sherifa Mostafa M. Sabra ◽  
Samar Ahamed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
The Public ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Tapinoma Sessile ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The search conducted on "The impact of global warming (GW) on the public health (PH) increasing the bacterial causing infectious diseases (IDs) performed by experiment: Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) insects, Taif, KSA", the experiment used ants (Taif Tapinoma sessile), prepared, arranged appropriate nests and adjusted the temperature at (20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45°C), for a week of each zone. It revealed the behaviour as (normal, semi-normal and ab-normal), the mean of mortality rates were between (0-53.3%). The bacterial contents measured by the turbidity indicated the presence of multiplication, were between (0.109-0.328). The bacterial growth degrees by sings were between (+ - +++++) and percent between (12-100%). Colony Forming Unit/ml (CFU/ml) confined between (1.8X102-15.0X102)/mL. Through this experiment it turned out the GW had a significant role on the PH, helped the proliferation of bacterial pathogens that caused IDS. The conclusion wiped from the experiment that the extent degrees of GW disadvantages on the PH. The PH workers must take the "Preventive Health Prophylaxis Measures" (PHPMs) to protect the individuals from IDs by eliminating the VBDs of various types, monitoring the immunological situation of individuals, provided the vaccinations of IDs and preparing for complete PHPMs against any changes in the PH.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Rapid Diagnostic Kits Test for Diagnosis of Malaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2826-2828
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ahsan Zafar ◽  
Sidra Khalid ◽  
Talha Munir
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Kits ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Malaria Antigen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Male To Female

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of rapid diagnostic kits test for diagnosis of malaria taking microscopy as gold standard Methodology: A total of 375 cases with age range 18-65 years of either gender as suspected for malaria were included in the study. We excluded all those cases already taking anti-malarial drugs. The study was conducted at Chughtais Lahore Lab, Lahore. Required blood sample were obtained following aseptic measures. Malaria RDT SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Pf/Pan (Catalogue No. 05FK60, Standard Diagnostics Inc, Hagal-Dong, Korea, from now on referred as “SD RDT”) was used. Patients were labeled as positive or negative on the basis of reports from hematology department assessed by microscopy and patients were labeled as positive or negative Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.84±13.44 years, male to female ratio of the patients was 1.01:1. The sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of the RDT for diagnosing malaria was 96.79%, 96.28% and 96.53% respectively taking microscopy as gold standard Conclusion: Rapid diagnostic kits is very useful reliable test with high diagnostic accuracy for diagnosis of malaria taking microscopy as gold standard Keywords: Microscopy, Rapid Diagnostic kits, Malaria,

68. The Occurrence of Coliform Bacteria in Milk

1933 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Early Autumn ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bacterial Content ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Better Than

1. Of 21,569 samples of mixed cow's milk taken under fair conditions of cleanliness and examined by means of the coliform test, 48·3 per cent, gave negative results with 1/10, 1/100 and 1/1000 c.c. amounts; 21–4 per cent, gave positive results with only 1/10 c.c.; 14·0 per cent, gave positive results with only 1/10 and 1/100 c.c.; and 16·3 per cent, gave positive results with 1/10, 1/100 and 1/1000 c.c. It is probable that these results are better than those generally obtained.2. The proportion of coliform-positive samples was much higher in summer and early autumn than during the winter and spring. This seasonal variation was largely due to atmospheric temperature, there being a well-marked direct correlation between the proportion of coliform-positive samples and the mean of the minimum and maximum atmospheric temperatures.3. Of 21,857 samples examined, 10,458 were coliform negative and had an average bacterial content of 25,294 per c.c; 11,399 were coliform positive and had an average bacterial content of 160,577 per c.c. The coliform-positive samples contained on an average 6·3 times as many bacteria as the coliform negative.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Four Herbicides and Tillage for Weed Control on 1-0 Planted Tree Seedlings

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Seifert ◽  
Keith Woeste
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Single Treatment ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Planted Tree

Abstract Azafenidin, sulfometuron, pendimethalin, and simazine were applied alone and in combination to 1-0 seedlings of nine hardwood and one conifer species. Percent bare ground at 30, 60, and 90 days, diameter and height growth of the seedlings were determined for 16 herbicide treatments, tillage and a control. Azafenidin applications alone and in combination with sulfometuron resulted in about 85% bare ground 90 days post-treatment. There were significant differences for diameter, height growth, and volume among the treatments for every species. No single treatment ranked best for all species, but comparison of the mean ranks of the treatments for all species indicated that azafenidin and pendimethalin resulted in the most growth. Azafenidin-treated seedlings also had the greatest volume at the end of the season.

Efficacy of treatment of vulva cancer patients and analysis of their hormonal status.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e21127-e21127
Author(s):  
Galina A. Nerodo ◽  
Ekaterina Nerodo
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Blood Concentration ◽  
Hormonal Status ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Vulva Cancer ◽  
Group 1

e21127 Background: hormonodependency of vulva is wellknown. This broughtusto study hormonal status of vulva cancer patients depending on treatment efficacy Methods: we present comparative analysis of hormonal status of vulva cancer patients in two groups: group 1 (50 patients) without relapse of the disease in 5-year period, and group 2 (35 patients) with relapse developed within the first year. Blood concentrations of testosterone, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone were determined in all patients under study by means of radiometric methods. Estrone, estradiol, estriol with subsequent calculation of their sum were determined in daily urine by Brown method. Results: In the presence of effect (group 1) initial total amount of estrogens was twice as large than in its absence. In group 1 estradiol concentration exceeded the corresponding parameter of group 2 by three times(7.6±0.6 & 1,4±0.3,p<0.001). The amount of secreting estriol at positive result was almost twice higher than in cases of absence of the effect(10.02±1.7 & 4.6±0.49, p<0.001). The groups differed by secretion levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones. Blood concentration of these hormones was lower in negative results that in positive. Distinct differences were also observed in progesterone and prolactin levels. In the group with positive result of treatment progesterone concentration was much higher than in the group without treatment effect. On the contrary, prolactin concentration in group 1 was significantly less than in group 2. The highest degree of reliability of quantitative indices related to treatment efficacy was observed for progesterone. Positive result of corresponding treatment may be predicted at normal initial progesterone level, and negative result at its low level (3-4 times lower than the norm). Another parameter - blood concentration of prolactin - can be used almost with the same degree of reliability. Conclusions: results of the study allow to suggest an existence of interrelation between treatment efficacy of vulva cancer patients and functional activity of hypophysis-gonadal system. Some of its parameters may be used to predict results of complex treatment of vulva cancer patients.

scholarly journals Treatment Efficacy of Electromyography versus Fiberscopy-Guided Botulinum Toxin Injection in Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia Patients: A Prospective Comparative Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Wook Kim ◽  
Jae Hong Park ◽  
Ki Nam Park ◽  
Seung Won Lee
Keyword(s):  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injection ◽  
Spasmodic Dysphonia ◽  
Total Dosage ◽  
Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Injections ◽  
The Voice

Introduction. This study prospectively evaluates and compares the treatment efficacy of botulinum toxin injection under electromyography guidance (EMG group) and percutaneous botulinum toxin injection under flexible fiberscopic guidance (fiberscopy group).Methods. Thirty patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD), who had never received treatment, were randomly allocated into EMG- or fiberscopy-guided botulinum toxin injections between March 2008 and February 2010. We assessed acoustic and aerodynamic voice parameters, and the voice handicap index (VHI) before injection and at 1, 3, and 6 months after injection.Results. The mean total dosage of botulinum toxin was similar for both groups: 1.7 ± 0.5 U for the EMG group and 1.8 ± 0.4 U for the fiberscopy group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in outcomes between the two groups in either the duration of effectiveness or complications such as breathy voice and aspiration.Conclusion. Botulinum toxin injection under fiberscopic guidance is a viable alternative to EMG-guided botulinum toxin injection for the treatment of adductor spasmodic dysphonia when EMG equipment is unavailable.

scholarly journals IMMUNOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF VACCINE VIRUS

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Parker ◽  
Thomas M. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Agglutination Reaction ◽  
Test Antigen ◽  
End Point ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Infectious Unit

Methods have been described by which the number of elementary bodies present in a suspension can be estimated. It has been shown that by means of replicate counts, in which the Petroff-Hausser chamber was used, a high degree of accuracy can be attained. By means of the Gates densitometer, the number of elementary bodies in a suspension can be determined with a coefficient of variation of about 3.0 per cent. A method has been described by which the accuracy of estimation of the infectious titer of a suspension can be increased without greatly enlarging the number of animals employed. This consists of selecting as the end-point that dilution of virus which on intradermal inoculation in a rabbit would lead theoretically to an equal number of positive and negative results. The statistical advantages of this method have been confirmed by the experiences of other laboratories. By the application of the methods described, there was shown to be a direct correlation between the number of elementary bodies and the number of infectious units of virus present in a given suspension. At the mean of the distribution this ratio is as the logarithms 9.62 to 8.0. To extrapolate this curve, in order to determine the number of elementary bodies present in a single infectious unit, while tempting, is probably not justifiable. It must likewise be remembered that the data given apply to a particular strain of vaccine virus, and that the number of infectious units has been determined by intradermal inoculation of rabbits. It appears also that this method may be of value in studies of the virulence of different strains of vaccine virus, since by its application one may determine not only the infectious liter of a suspension, but its content of elementary bodies. In the agglutination reaction it was found that optimum titers of serum were obtained when the test antigen contained from 2.0 x 109 to 1.05 x 1010 elementary bodies per cc. Approximately 1.95 x 108 particles per cc. of suspension were required for the production of visible agglutination.

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