scholarly journals Counting the non-existing: causes of death of undocumented migrants in Brussels-Capital Region (Belgium), 2005–2010

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Lafaut ◽  
Hadewijch Vandenheede ◽  
Johan Surkyn ◽  
Gily Coene
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Migrant Health ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Suicidal Death ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
External Causes

Abstract Background So far knowledge about undocumented migrant health status is poor. The objective of this study is to compare patterns in causes of death between undocumented migrants and legal residents, of both migrant and non-migrant origin. Method Using cause-of-death data, we compared undocumented migrants with Belgian residents and documented migrants through logistic regression analyses.. Results This study shows that male undocumented migrants have a significantly higher risk of death from cardiovascular diseases compared to male Belgian residents (OR: 1.37) and documented migrants (OR: 2.17). Male undocumented migrants also have an increased risk of dying from external causes of death compared to documented migrants (OR: 1.93). Furthermore, we found a lower risk of suicidal death in undocumented migrants compared to Belgian residents (OR men: 0.29, OR women: 0.15). Conclusions We found important differences in underlying causes of death between undocumented migrants and residents in Belgium. These findings urge us to claim improved healthcare provision for undocumented migrants in Belgium. Trial registration Medical ethics committee UZ Jette, Brussels, Belgium – Registration date: 18/05/2016 – Registration number: B.U.N. 143201628279.

Cause of Death after Traumatic Brain Injury: A Population-Based Health Record Review Analysis Referenced for Nonhead Trauma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dmitry Esterov ◽  
Erica Bellamkonda ◽  
Jay Mandrekar ◽  
Jeanine E. Ransom ◽  
Allen W. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Age And Sex

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disability and is associated with decreased survival. Although it is generally accepted that TBI increases risk of death in acute and postacute periods after injury, causes of premature death after TBI in the long term are less clear. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> A cohort sample of Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents with confirmed TBI from January 1987 through December 1999 was identified. Each case was assigned an age- and sex-matched non-TBI referent case, called <i>regular referent</i>. Confirmed TBI cases with simultaneous nonhead injuries were identified, labeled <i>special cases</i>. These were assigned 2 age- and sex-matched <i>special referents</i> with nonhead injuries of similar severity. Underlying causes of death in each case were categorized using death certificates, <i>International Classification of Diseases</i>, <i>Ninth Revision</i>, <i>International Statistical Classification of Diseases</i>, <i>Tenth Revision</i>, and manual health record review. Comparisons were made over the study period and among 6-month survivors. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Case-regular referent pairs (<i>n</i> = 1,257) were identified over the study period, and 221 were special cases. In total, 237 deaths occurred among these pairs. A statistically significant difference was observed between total number of deaths among all cases (<i>n</i> = 139, 11%) and regular referents (<i>n</i> = 98, 8%) (<i>p</i> = 0.006) over the entire period. This outcome was not true for special cases (32/221, 14%) and special referents (61/441, 14%) (<i>p</i> = 0.81). A greater proportion of deaths by external cause than all other causes was observed in all cases (52/139, 37%) versus regular referents (3/98, 3%) and in special cases (13/32, 41%) versus special referents (5/61, 8%) (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001 for both). Among all case-referent pairs surviving 6 months, no difference was found between total number of deaths (<i>p</i> = 0.82). The underlying cause of death between these 2 groups was significantly different for external causes only (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.01). For special cases surviving 6 months versus special referents, no difference was observed in total number of deaths (<i>p</i> = 0.24) or underlying causes of death (<i>p</i> = 1.00) between groups. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> This population-based case-matched referent study showed that increased risk of death after TBI existed only during the first 6 months after injury, and the difference was due to external causes.

scholarly journals Social inequalities and the rise in violent deaths in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil: 2000-2006

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. s298-s308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Antonio Chaves Viana ◽  
Maria da Conceição Nascimento Costa ◽  
Jairnilson Silva Paim ◽  
Ligia Maria Vieira-da-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Study ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Units Of Analysis ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Inequalities In Mortality ◽  
The City

An ecological study was carried out using information zones as units of analysis in order to assess the evolution of socio-spatial inequalities in mortality due to external causes and homicides in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil, in 2000 and 2006. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE) and the City Health Department (Secretaria Municipal de Saúde) provided the data sources, and causes of death were reviewed and reclassified based on reports from the Institute of Legal Medicine (Instituto Médico Legal). The information zones were classified into four social strata according to income and schooling. The ratio between mortality rates (inequality ratio) was calculated and confirmed a rise of 98.5% in the homicide rate. In 2000, the risk of death due to external causes and murders in the stratum with the worst living conditions was respectively 1.40 and 1.94 times greater than in the reference stratum. In 2006 these figures were 2.02 and 2.24. The authors discuss the implications for inter-sectoral public policies, based on evidence from the study's findings.

scholarly journals Female reproductive factors and risk of external causes of death among women: The Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiori Tanaka ◽  
Sarah K. Abe ◽  
Norie Sawada ◽  
Taiki Yamaji ◽  
Taichi Shimazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
External Causes Of Death ◽  
External Causes

Abstract Although empirical data suggest a possible link between female reproductive events and risk of nonfatal accidents and suicidal behaviors, evidence to determine these effects on mortality is scarce. This study investigated the association between female reproductive factors and the risk of external causes of death among middle-aged Japanese women. We used a population-based cohort study consisting of 71 698 women residing in 11 public health center areas across Japan between 1990 and 1994. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of the risk of all external causes, suicide, and accidents according to female reproductive factors at the baseline survey. During 1 028 583 person-years of follow-up for 49 279 eligible subjects (average 20.9 years), we identified 328 deaths by all injuries. Among parous women, ever versus never breastfeeding [0.67 (95% CI: 0.49–0.92)] was associated with a decreased risk of all injuries. Risk of suicide was inversely associated with ever versus never parity [0.53 (95% CI: 0.32–0.88)]. A lower risk of death by accidents was seen in ever breastfeeding [0.63 (95% CI: 0.40–0.97)] compared to never breastfeeding. This study suggests that parity and breastfeeding are associated with reduced risk of death by all external causes, suicide and/or accidents among Japanese women.

Mortality among patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension enrolled in the IH Registry

Neurology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. e921-e929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam M. Hermes ◽  
Nick R. Miller ◽  
Carin S. Waslo ◽  
Susan C. Benes ◽  
Emanuel Tanne
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Accidental Overdose ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Underlying Causes

ObjectiveTo determine (1) if mortality among patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) enrolled in the Intracranial Hypertension Registry (IHR) is different from that of the general population of the United States and (2) what the leading underlying causes of death are among this cohort.MethodsMortality and underlying causes of death were ascertained from the National Death Index. Indirect standardization using age- and sex-specific nationwide all-cause and cause-specific mortality data extracted from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wonder Online Database allowed for calculation of standardized mortality ratios (SMR).ResultsThere were 47 deaths (96% female) among 1437 IHR participants that met inclusion criteria. The average age at death was 46 years (range, 20–95 years). Participants of the IHR experienced higher all-cause mortality than the general population (SMR, 1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–2.1). Suicide, accidents, and deaths from medical/surgical complications were the most common underlying causes, accounting for 43% of all deaths. When compared to the general population, the risk of suicide was over 6 times greater (SMR, 6.1; 95% CI, 2.9–12.7) and the risk of death from accidental overdose was over 3 times greater (SMR, 3.5; 95% CI, 1.6–7.7). The risk of suicide by overdose was over 15 times greater among the IHR cohort than in the general population (SMR, 15.3; 95% CI, 6.4–36.7).ConclusionsPatients with IIH in the IHR possess significantly increased risks of death from suicide and accidental overdose compared to the general population. Complications of medical/surgical treatments were also major contributors to mortality. Depression and disability were common among decedents. These findings should be interpreted with caution as the IHR database is likely subject to selection bias.

scholarly journals Respiratory-related death in individuals with incident asthma and COPD: a competing risk analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia V. Gayle ◽  
Cosetta Minelli ◽  
Jennifer K. Quint
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Excess Risk ◽  
Competing Risk ◽  
Practice Research ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Clinical Practice Research Datalink ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Competing Risk Models

Abstract Background Distinguishing between mortality attributed to respiratory causes and other causes among people with asthma, COPD, and asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) is important. This study used electronic health records in England to estimate excess risk of death from respiratory-related causes after accounting for other causes of death. Methods We used linked Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) primary care and Office for National Statistics mortality data to identify adults with asthma and COPD from 2005 to 2015. Causes of death were ascertained using death certificates. Hazard ratios (HR) and excess risk of death were estimated using Fine-Gray competing risk models and adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, body mass index and socioeconomic status. Results 65,021 people with asthma and 45,649 with COPD in the CPRD dataset were frequency matched 5:1 with people without the disease on age, sex and general practice. Only 14 in 100,000 people with asthma are predicted to experience a respiratory-related death up to 10 years post-diagnosis, whereas in COPD this is 98 in 100,000. Asthma is associated with an 0.01% excess incidence of respiratory related mortality whereas COPD is associated with an 0.07% excess. Among people with asthma-COPD overlap (N = 22,145) we observed an increased risk of respiratory-related death compared to those with asthma alone (HR = 1.30; 95% CI 1.21–1.40) but not COPD alone (HR = 0.89; 95% CI 0.83–0.94). Conclusions Asthma and COPD are associated with an increased risk of respiratory-related death after accounting for other causes; however, diagnosis of COPD carries a much higher probability. ACO is associated with a lower risk compared to COPD alone but higher risk compared to asthma alone.

Mortality in Patients With Late-Onset Epilepsy: Results From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012483
Author(s):  
Emily L. Johnson ◽  
Gregory L. Krauss ◽  
Anna Kucharska-Newton ◽  
Alice D. Lam ◽  
Rani Sarkis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Fee For Service ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Atherosclerosis Risk

ObjectiveTo determine the risk of mortality and causes of death in persons with late-onset epilepsy (LOE) compared to those without epilepsy in a community-based sample, adjusting for demographics and comorbid conditions.MethodsThis is an analysis of the prospective Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study, initiated in 1987-1989 among 15,792 mostly black and white men and women in 4 U.S. communities. We used Centers for Medicare Services fee-for-service claims codes to identify cases of incident epilepsy starting at or after age 67. We used Cox proportional hazards analysis to identify the hazard of mortality associated with LOE and to adjust for demographics and vascular risk factors. We used death certificate data to identify dates and causes of death.ResultsAnalyses included 9090 participants, of whom 678 developed LOE during median 11.5 years of follow-up after age 67. Participants who developed LOE were at an increased hazard of mortality compared to those who did not, with adjusted hazard ratio 2.39 (95% CI 2.12-2.71). We observed excess mortality due to stroke, dementia, neurologic conditions, and end-stage renal disease in participants with compared to without LOE. Only 4 deaths (1.1%) were directly attributed to seizure-related causes.ConclusionsPersons who develop LOE are at increased risk of death compared to those without epilepsy, even after adjusting for comorbidities. The majority of this excess mortality is due to stroke and dementia.

scholarly journals Causes of Death in an Acute Psychiatric Inpatient Unit of a Portuguese General Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Barbosa ◽  
Márcia Sequeira ◽  
Sara Castro ◽  
Rita Manso ◽  
Catarina Klut Câmara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Aneurysm Rupture ◽  
Inpatient Unit ◽  
Case File ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Circulatory System Diseases

Introduction: Psychiatric patients are at increased risk of death from a number of natural and unnatural causes. This study examines the mortality causes of all psychiatric inpatients of an acute psychiatric unit at a general hospital in Portugal for sixteen years (1998 to 2013).Material and Methods: Twenty-one inpatients died at the inpatient unit between 1998 and 2013 (average 1.3 per year). A retrospective study through case-file review was carried to collect demographic characteristics, medical and psychiatry diagnosis. Patients transferred to other wards during their admission were not included.Results: Circulatory system diseases were the most prevalent causes of death, occurring in 2/3 of patients and include pulmonary embolism (n = 6), acute stroke (n = 3), cardiac arrhythmia (n = 2), acute myocardial infarction (n = 1), abdominal aortic aneurysm rupture (n = 1) and heart failure (n = 1). Two patients died with pneumonia and in four cases the cause of death was undetermined. Only one case of suicide was registered.Discussion: Circulatory conditions were the most frequent causes of death in our inpatient unit. Albeit a relatively rare event, inpatient suicide does occur and, in addition to its complex consequences on staff, family and patients should remain a focus for continued prevention.Conclusion: Mortality studies are important for determining quality of health care and to create recommendations for preventive measures.

Long-term patient survival in ANCA-associated vasculitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 488-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Flossmann ◽  
Annelies Berden ◽  
Kirsten de Groot ◽  
Chris Hagen ◽  
Lorraine Harper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
First Year ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Anca Associated Vasculitis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age And Sex

BackgroundWegener's granulomatosis and microscopic polyangiitis are antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitides with significant morbidity and mortality. The long-term survival of patients with ANCA associated vasculitis treated with current regimens is uncertain.ObjectiveTo describe the long-term patient survival and possible prognostic factors at presentation in an international, multicentre, prospectively recruited representative patient cohort who were treated according to strictly defined protocols at presentation and included the full spectrum of ANCA-associated vasculitis disease.MethodsOutcome data were collected for 535 patients who had been recruited at the time of diagnosis to four randomised controlled trials between 1995 and 2002. Trial eligibility was defined by disease severity and extent, covered the spectrum of severity of ANCA-associated vasculitis and used consistent diagnostic criteria. Demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters at trial entry were tested as potential prognostic factors in multivariable models.ResultsThe median duration of follow-up was 5.2 years and 133 (25%) deaths were recorded. Compared with an age- and sex-matched general population there was a mortality ratio of 2.6 (95% CI 2.2 to 3.1). Main causes of death within the first year were infection (48%) and active vasculitis (19%). After the first year the major causes of death were cardiovascular disease (26%), malignancy (22%) and infection (20%). Multivariable analysis showed an estimated glomerular filtration rate <15 ml/min, advancing age, higher Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score, lower haemoglobin and higher white cell count were significant negative prognostic factors for patient survival.ConclusionPatients with ANCA-associated vasculitis treated with conventional regimens are at increased risk of death compared with an age- and sex-matched population.

scholarly journals Epilepsy-associated long-term mortality after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Huttunen ◽  
Antti Lindgren ◽  
Mitja I. Kurki ◽  
Terhi Huttunen ◽  
Juhana Frösen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Catchment Population ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Objective:To elucidate the epilepsy-associated causes of death and subsequent excess long-term mortality among 12-month survivors of subarachnoid hemorrhage from saccular intracranial aneurysm (SIA-SAH).Methods:The Kuopio SIA Database (kuopioneurosurgery.fi) includes all SIA-SAH patients admitted to the Kuopio University Hospital from its defined catchment population in Eastern Finland. The study cohort consists of 779 patients, admitted from 1995 to 2007, who were alive at 12 months after SIA-SAH. Their use of reimbursable antiepileptic drugs and the causes of death (ICD-10) were fused from the Finnish national registries from 1994 to 2014.Results:The 779 12-month survivors were followed up until death (n = 197) or December 31, 2014, a median of 12.0 years after SIA-SAH. Epilepsy had been diagnosed in 121 (15%) patients after SIA-SAH, and 34/121 (28%) had died at the end of follow-up, with epilepsy as the immediate cause of death in 7/34 (21%). In the 779 patients alive at 12 months after SIA-SAH, epilepsy was an independent risk factor for mortality (hazard ratio 1.8, 95% confidence interval 1.1–3.0).Conclusions:Comorbid epilepsy in 12-month survivors of SIA-SAH is associated with increased risk of death in long-term follow-up. Survivors of SIA-SAH require long-term dedicated follow-up, including identification and effective treatment of comorbid epilepsy to prevent avoidable deaths.

scholarly journals Spatial Variation of Survival for Colorectal Cancer in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1052
Author(s):  
Anis Kausar Ghazali ◽  
Thomas Keegan ◽  
Benjamin M. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk

A patient’s survival may depend on several known and unknown factors and it may also vary spatially across a region. Socioeconomic status, accessibility to healthcare and other environmental factors are likely to contribute to survival rates. The aim of the study was to model the spatial variation in survival for colorectal cancer patients in Malaysia, accounting for individual and socioeconomic risk factors. We conducted a retrospective study of 4412 colorectal cancer (ICD-10, C18-C20) patients diagnosed from 2008 to 2013 to model survival in CRC patients. We used the data recorded in the database of the Malaysian National Cancer Patient Registry-Colorectal Cancer (NCPR-CRC). Spatial location was assigned based on the patients’ central district location, which involves 144 administrative districts of Malaysia. We fitted a parametric proportional hazards model in which the spatially correlated frailties were modelled by a log-Gaussian stochastic process to analyse the spatially referenced survival data, which is also known as a spatial survival model. After controlling for individual and area level characteristics, our findings indicate wide spatial variation in colorectal cancer survival across Malaysia. Better healthcare provision and higher socioeconomic index in the districts where patients live decreased the risk of death from colorectal cancer, but these associations were not statistically significant. Reliable measurement of environmental factors is needed to provide good insight into the effects of potential risk factors for the disease. For example, a better metric is needed to measure socioeconomic status and accessibility to healthcare in the country. The findings provide new information that might be of use to the Ministry of Health in identifying populations with an increased risk of poor survival, and for planning and providing cancer control services.

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