scholarly journals Generating comprehensive functioning and disability data worldwide: development process, data analyses strategy and reliability of the WHO and World Bank Model Disability Survey

2022 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Sabariego ◽  
Carolina Fellinghauer ◽  
Lindsay Lee ◽  
Kaloyan Kamenov ◽  
Aleksandra Posarac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Development Process ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Rehabilitation Needs

Abstract Background Data on functioning and disability collected at population level is essential to complement mortality and morbidity, to estimate rehabilitation needs of countries and regions and to monitor the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The objective of this paper is to briefly report the development process of the WHO Model Disability Survey, its data analysis strategy as well as its reliability and ability to measure low to high levels of functioning and disability across countries. Methods The development process is described in detail, and a secondary analysis using Rasch methods is conducted to report reliability and targeting using data from eight national and two regional implementations of the survey. Results The currently available versions of the Model Disability Survey are presented. The survey has good to very good internal reliability and good targeting in all included countries. Conclusion The participatory and evidence-based development, consideration of the expertise of stakeholders, the availability of previously developed ICF-based surveys, and WHO tools targeting functioning and disability are reflected in its good to very good psychometric properties. The survey has been implemented to date in Afghanistan, Cameroon, Chile, Costa Rica, India, Laos, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Tajikistan, and is used to inform policy-making, to monitor the CRPD and SDGs and to plan the delivery of rehabilitation services.

scholarly journals A statistical forecast of LOW mortality and morbidity due to COVID-19, in ARGENTINA and other Southern Hemisphere countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar A. Barbero
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Death Toll ◽  
Total Death ◽  
Using Data

AbstractA set of open source programs in Python is devised to fit a parametric integrated Gaussian equation to cumulative deaths due to COVID-19 in Southern Hemisphere countries. The programs were successfully tested using data from advanced outbreak trajectories (Italy and Spain). The procedure was applied to data reported by Argentina. The projected total death toll will be 182 (277-182) with a peak of deaths (6(+/-2)) the 14 of April. The outbreak begins the 9thof March and end completely the 20thof May. However, already on 1stof May, 2 s (95.45%) of the deaths have occurred. The death toll arises from a number of infected individuals between 36412 and 2275. Then, they were to use to process data from several Southern Hemisphere countries: Argentina, Brazil, Mexico, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, Cuba, Chile, Panama, Australia, Bolivia, Honduras, New Zealand, Paraguay, Guatemala, Venezuela, Uruguay, El Salvador, Jamaica, Haiti, Costa Rica and Nicaragua. The trend is to show low number of total deaths compared with other disease outbreaks. A total projected number of deaths between 15148 and 9939 deaths for a total population of ca. 664 M inhabitants. The projected death toll is much lower (5-10 times) than those forecasted by the Imperial College Group (ICG) even considering the best scenario of total suppression of virus transmission. Using actual mortality rates it is possible to back calculate which number of infected individuals would produce such mortality. The calculated number of infected individuals (worst case scenario) is below 2.5 million. This is significantly lower than that calculated by ICG (> 45 millions). In most countries the outbreak will end in May or early June. The dynamics of the outbreaks seems to do not saturate the health services (hospital beds) but only Peru, Ecuador and Panama should have not enough ICU beds for grave COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Anaemia and Iron Deficiency among Primary Schoolchildren in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safii Nik Shanita ◽  
Awal Siti Hanisa ◽  
Ab Noor Afifah ◽  
Shoo Lee ◽  
Kar Chong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Ferritin Level ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Primary Schoolchildren ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data

The present study aimed to report the prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency (ID) and to explore the associations among socio-demographic characteristics, nutritional status and inflammation status in the occurrence of anaemia and ID in a nationally representative sample of Malaysian primary schoolchildren. Using data from the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS), 544 Malaysian children aged 7 to 12 years were included in this secondary analysis. Blood samples were drawn for haemoglobin and serum ferritin analysis while C-reactive protein (CRP) and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) were measured to detect inflammation. Prevalence of anaemia and ID were 4.0% and 5.2%, respectively. There were significantly more anaemic indigenous bumiputra children (9.9%) than Chinese children (0.6%). Correction for inflammation did not change the prevalence of ID. More overweight/obese children than thin/normal weight children were found to have elevated acute phase protein (APP). Children with elevated inflammatory markers had significantly higher ferritin level than children without inflammation. Periodic health assessments of anaemia and ID at the population level to monitor and clarify the epidemiology of health problems are required to inform public health policies and strategies.

scholarly journals Measuring functioning and disability using household surveys: metric properties of the brief version of the WHO and World Bank model disability survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Sabariego ◽  
Carolina Fellinghauer ◽  
Lindsay Lee ◽  
Aleksandra Posarac ◽  
Jerome Bickenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Credit Model ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Metric Properties ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The Model Disability Survey (MDS) is the current standard recommended by WHO to collect functioning and disability data. Answering calls from countries requesting a version to be implemented as a module that could be integrated into existing surveys and be used for monitoring disability trends and for data disaggregation, WHO developed the brief MDS. The objectives of this paper are to evaluate the metric properties of the disability metrics generated with the Brief MDS and the precision of the Brief MDS in comparison with the full MDS. Results The partial credit model, a unidimensional model for polytomous data from the Rasch family, was applied to evaluate psychometric properties using data from national MDS implementations in Chile (N = 12,265) and in Sri Lanka (N = 3000). The Brief MDS generates valid metrics for measuring disability, from the perspectives of capacity and performance, thereby achieving good levels of measurement precision in comparison with its full counterpart. Conclusion Given the scarcity of valid functioning and disability modules for household surveys, the Brief MDS represents a milestone in disability measurement. The Brief MDS is currently used by countries to monitor disability trends over time, which is especially important to evaluate the impact of health policies and public health interventions, to disaggregate indicators of the Sustainable Development Goals, and to monitor the implementation of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD).

IMPLEMENTASI ALGORITMA K-Modes UNTUK MENENTUKAN STRATEGI MARKETING STMIK BUDI DARMA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewin Karman Nduru ◽  
Efori Buulolo ◽  
Pristiwanto Pristiwanto
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Data Mining ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Process Data ◽  
School Students ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government ◽  
Using Data ◽  
North Sumatra

Universities or institutions that operate in North Sumatra are very many, therefore, of course, competition in accepting new students is very tight, universities or institutions do certain ways or steps to be able to compete with other campuses in gaining interest from community or high school students who will continue their studies to a higher level. STMIK BUDI DARMA Medan (College of Information and Computer Management), is the first computer high school in Medan which was established on March 1, 1996 and received approval from the government through the Minister of Education and Culture, on July 23, 1996 with operating license number 48 / D / O / 1996, in promoting the campus, the team usually formed a promotion team to various regions in the North Sumatra Region to provide information to the community. Students who have learned in this campus are quite a lot who come from various regions in North Sumatra, from this point the need to process data from students who are active in college to be processed using data mining to achieve a target, one method that can be used in data mining, namely the ¬K-Modes clustering (grouping) algorithm. This method is a grouping of student data that will be a help to campus students in promoting, using the K-Modes algorithm is expected to help and become a reference for marketing in determining the marketing strategy STMIK Budi Darma MedanKeywords: STMIK Budi Darma, Marketing Strategy, K-Modes Algorithm.

National Far East Development Program and Sustainable Development Prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Dyakov ◽  
E. G. Mikhaylova
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Far East ◽  
Development Program ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Economic Balance ◽  
Formal Requirements ◽  
Development Prospects

The article contains some comments on the project of the National Program for the Development of the Far East until 2025 and for the future till 2035. It is noted that the project does not meet the formal requirements of the program document, has a number of unreasonable proposals and measures, the implementation of which may threaten the sustainable development of the region. The authors believe that in the development process it is necessary to take into account the principles of environmental and economic balance. The conclusion is made about the feasibility of developing a methodological framework for evaluating such documents as a tool for achieving sustainable development goals.

scholarly journals Strengthening the Participation of Organisations of Persons with Disabilities in the Decision-Making of National Government and the United Nations: Further Analyses of the International Disability Alliance Global Survey

Disabilities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-217
Author(s):  
Joanne McVeigh ◽  
Malcolm MacLachlan ◽  
Delia Ferri ◽  
Hasheem Mannan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
National Government ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Survey ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Development Goals

The participation of organisations of persons with disabilities (OPDs) is crucial at each stage of policy processes at the local, regional, and international levels. However, decision-making mechanisms have traditionally excluded OPDs, failing to consult with them on decisions that impact on their daily lives. The overall aim of this study was to examine the participation of persons with disabilities and OPDs in development programmes and policies by exploring recommendations from a sample of OPDs on ways to strengthen their participation with government and the UN. Secondary data analysis was conducted using a global survey on the participation of OPDs, administered by the International Disability Alliance to OPD representatives. Two open-ended items were analysed, which explored participants’ recommendations on ways to strengthen their participation with government and the UN. Data were analysed using the descriptive and interpretive qualitative methods. Respondents provided recommendations on how to strengthen their participation with their national government and the UN, focusing on several issues including accessibility, human rights, and the need for inclusion of all OPDs and all groups of persons with disabilities. The synergy between the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the Sustainable Development Goals presents opportunities for OPDs to increase their participation in development policies and programmes. It is vital, however, to dismantle the barriers to participation in decision-making by OPDs and persons with disabilities.

A Behavioral-Analytic Model for Assessing Stress in Firefighters

2021 ◽  
pp. 014544552098613
Author(s):  
Bailee B. Schuhmann ◽  
Sarah N. Henderson ◽  
Ryan A. Black ◽  
Vincent B. Van Hasselt ◽  
Kristin Klimley Margres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Reduction ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
Analytic Model ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Using Data

Research has documented a number of acute and chronic stressors unique to the fire service. Due to the rise in mental health concerns in firefighters, there has been increased awareness of the negative effects of unmanaged stress. The present study employed a behavioral-analytic model to construct a brief screening measure of stress for this population: the Firefighter Assessment of Stress Test (FAST). Psychometric properties of the FAST were evaluated using data from active-duty firefighters throughout the United States. Results indicated the FAST has good internal reliability ( α = 0.89), as well as good convergent and discriminant validity. Also, the factor structure of the FAST revealed three significant subscales reflective of stress associated with responding to calls, administrative difficulties, and being overworked. Scoring and interpretation guidelines were established to suggest when further assessment is warranted. The FAST offers a brief and valid method of self-assessment of current stress levels in firefighters. Information obtained from the FAST (i.e., overall stress level and domains) has the potential to facilitate more immediate identification and recognition of stress in firefighters than what has been possible to date. Moreover, heightened awareness of stress and its effects will hopefully culminate in expanded efforts directed toward stress reduction and intervention for firefighters and their families.

scholarly journals Male circumcision and global HIV/AIDS epidemic challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiola Oluwabunmi Olapade-Olaopa ◽  
Mudasiru Adebayo Salami ◽  
Taiwo Akeem Lawal
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Male Circumcision ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Given the devastating mortality and morbidity associated with HIV/AIDS, many potential prevention measures against HIV infection continue to be explored. Most prevention methods are in the realm of sexual behavior change. However, of all aspects of human behavior, it is sexual behavior that is least amenable to change. Newer and simpler interventions are therefore required. Male circumcision, the surgical removal of some or all of the foreskin (or prepuce) from the penis, is one of the ways being promoted as a preventive measure. This paper reviews the scientific basis and evidence for the efficacy of male circumcision within the context of the global challenges involved. Main body We reviewed articles with emphasis on male circumcision and HIV/AIDS transmission. Published abstracts of presentations at international scientific meetings were also reviewed. Conclusions Current epidemiological evidence supports the promotion of male circumcision for HIV prevention, especially in populations with high HIV prevalence and low circumcision rates. Three notable randomized control trials strengthen the case for applied research studies to demonstrate that safe male circumcision is protective at the population level, particularly as ideal and well-resourced conditions of a randomized trial are often not replicated in other service delivery settings. Ethically and culturally responsive strategies in promoting circumcision in a culturally heterogenous world need to be developed, too. Male circumcision should also be viewed as a complementary measure along with other proven approaches to turn the HIV/AIDS epidemic around.

scholarly journals Liver Cancer in Guatemala: An Analysis of Mortality and Incidence Trends From 2012 to 2016

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba J. Kihn-Alarcón ◽  
María F. Toledo-Ponce ◽  
Angel Velarde ◽  
Ximing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
The North ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Morbidity Data ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Late Stages

PURPOSE Guatemala has the highest mortality and incidence of liver cancer in Central and South America. The aim of this study is to describe the extent of liver cancer in the country from 2012 to 2016 and the associated risk factors. METHODS A secondary analysis was performed using liver cancer mortality and morbidity data and data on risk factors, such as hepatitis B virus infection, cirrhosis, and alcoholism. RESULTS Analysis revealed that liver cancer causes approximately 20% of cancer deaths in the country, is more frequent in the population older than age 65 years old, and is increasing in those age 30 to 44 years. More than 25% of deaths occurred in the North and West regions. The incidence of major risk factors for development of liver cancer has decreased. CONCLUSION The high mortality of liver cancer compared with its incidence indicates that most patients are diagnosed at late stages. To reduce the burden of liver cancer, creation of strategies for earlier detection is needed.

Where Is Disability in Global Public Health?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Krahn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Global South ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Individual

Accounting for about 15% of the world’s population, persons with disabilities constitute a critical population. Despite a substantial knowledge base in disability and public health, persons with disabilities have been remarkably invisible within general global public health. Public health’s view of disability is shifting from regarding disability only as an outcome to prevent, to using disability as a demographic characteristic that identifies a population experiencing a range of inequities. Alternative models of disability reflect how disability has been viewed over time. These models vary in their underlying values and assumptions, whether the locus of disability is the individual or the environment or their interaction, who designates “disability,” and the focus of intervention outcomes. The United Nations flagship report on Disability and Sustainable Development Goals, 2018 documents that, as a group, the lives of persons with disabilities are marked by large disparities in Sustainable Development Goal indicators. These include increased likelihood of experiencing poverty, hunger, poor health, and unemployment, and greater likelihood of encountering barriers to education and literacy, clean water and sanitation, energy, and information technology. Overall, persons with disabilities experience greater inequalities, and this is particularly experienced by women and girls with disabilities. The COVID-19 pandemic and other disasters have highlighted the gaps in equality and consequent vulnerability of this population. Global disability data have improved dramatically during the decade from 2010 to 2020 with the advent of standardized disability question sets (Washington Group) and model surveys (Model Disability Survey). New studies from the Global South and North identify areas and strategies for interventions that can effectively advance the Sustainable Development Goals. This call-to-action outlines strategies for increasing visibility and improving wellbeing of persons with disabilities, particularly in the Global South. Increased visibility of the disability population within the global public health community can be achieved through active engagement of persons with disabilities. Improved collection of disability data and routine analysis by disability status can provide information vital to planning and policies. A twin-track approach can provide direction for interventions—inclusion in mainstream programs where possible, use of disability-specific and rehabilitation approaches where necessary. The article ends by outlining ways that multiple roles can increase the inclusion of persons with disabilities in global public health.

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