scholarly journals Cutaneous microbial biofilm formation as an underlying cause of red scrotum syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore W. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Gentian Violet ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Microbial Biofilm ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Unaffected Skin

Abstract Background Red scrotum syndrome is typically described as well-demarcated erythema of the anterior scrotum accompanied by persistent itching and burning. It is chronic and difficult to treat and contributes to significant psychological distress and reduction in quality of life. The medical literature surrounding the condition is sparse, with the prevalence likely under-recognized and the pathophysiology remaining poorly understood. Formation of a cutaneous microbial biofilm has not been proposed as an underlying etiology. Microbial biofilms can form whenever microorganisms are suspended in fluid on a surface for a prolonged time and are becoming increasingly recognized as important contributors to medical disease (e.g., chronic wounds). Case presentation A 26-year-old man abruptly developed well-demarcated erythema of the bilateral scrotum after vaginal secretions were left covering the scrotum overnight. For 14 months, the patient experienced daily scrotal itching and burning while seeking care from multiple physicians and attempting numerous failed therapies. He eventually obtained complete symptomatic relief with the twice daily application of 0.8% menthol powder. Findings in support of a cutaneous microbial biofilm as the underlying etiology include: (1) the condition began following a typical scenario that would facilitate biofilm formation; (2) the demarcation of erythema precisely follows the scrotal hairline, suggesting that hair follicles acted as scaffolding during biofilm formation; (3) despite resolution of symptoms, the scrotal erythema has persisted, unchanged in boundary 15 years after the condition began; and (4) the erythematous skin demonstrates prolonged retention of gentian violet dye in comparison with adjacent unaffected skin, suggesting the presence of dye-avid material on the skin surface. Conclusion The probability that microorganisms, under proper conditions, can form biofilm on intact skin is poorly recognized. This case presents a compelling argument for a cutaneous microbial biofilm as the underlying cause of red scrotum syndrome in one patient, and a review of similarities with other reported cases suggests the same etiology is likely responsible for a significant portion of the total disease burden. This etiology may also be a significant contributor to the disease burden of vulvodynia, a condition with many similarities to red scrotum syndrome.

scholarly journals Effects of Ciprofloxacin on the Dynamics of Biofilm Formation by Staphylococcus Epidermidis Strains Isolated from Implant-Associated Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-247
Author(s):  
Irina V. Babushkina ◽  
Irina A. Mamonova ◽  
Vladimir Yu. Ulyanov ◽  
Sergey P. Shpinyak ◽  
Aleksandr S. Bondarenko
Keyword(s):  
Periprosthetic Joint Infection ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Gentian Violet ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Large Joint

Introduction. The formation of a microbial biofilm in implant-associated infection after arthroplasty of large joints reduces the informative value of traditional microbiological diagnostic methods and limits the range of effective antimicrobial drugs. When prescribing etiotropic therapy for periprosthetic joint infection, it is necessary to take into account not only the antibacterial effect of the drug, but also its effect on biofilm formation. Ciprofloxacin therapy may be a risk factor for the development of biofilm periprosthetic infection caused by multidrug-resistant staphylococcal strains.The aim of research was to study the effect of sub-inhibiting and therapeutic doses of ciprofloxacin on biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from implant-associated infection.Materials and methods. The authors studied the effect of various concentrations of ciprofloxacin on 15 strains of St. epidermidis isolated from 83 patients with deep periprosthetic joint infection after primary knee arthroplasty, treated at NIITON SSMU in 2018-2019. The effect of the calculated concentrations of ciprofloxacin on the planktonic culture, forming and preformed biofilms was investigated. Biofilm simulation was performed according to the method described by G.D. Christensen under in vitro conditions with determination of the optical density of alcohol eluates of gentian violet in polystyrene microplates.Results. It was demonstrated that ciprofloxacin in a dose 0.01 g/ml inhibits the growth of planktonic forms by 50% and statistically significantly (p = 0.001) stimulates formation of microbial biofilms as compared to the control without antibiotic addition. Concentration of ciprofloxacin equal 0.03 g/ml inhibits the growth of planktonic forms by 90%, statistically significantly (p = 0.001) stimulates formation of biofilms and activates further increase in the mass of pre-formed microbial biofilms. An increase in the concentration of ciprofloxacin to 0.05 g/ml completely inhibits the growth of planktonic forms and statistically significantly stimulates further growth of preformed biofilms.The use of ciprofloxacin at concentrations equal 1-3 g/ml statistically significantly (p = 0.001) inhibits the formation of microbial biofilms, but does not affect the preformed biofilm.Conclusions. Thus, there has been found a dose-dependent effect of ciprofloxacin towards clinical strains of St. epidermidis: subinhibitory and therapeutic concentrations of the drug have a stimulating effect on the formation and further increase in the mass of the preformed microbial biofilms. This fact must be taken into account when prescribing etiotropic therapy for implant-associated complications following large joint replacements.

scholarly journals THE DEPENDENCE OF MICROORGANISMS BIOFILM FORMATION ON THE FEATURES OF THE INFECTIOUS PROCESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
V.Y. Ziamko ◽  
◽  
V.K. Okulich ◽  
A.M. Dzyadzko ◽  
N.E. Kolchanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Microbial Biofilm ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Acinetobacter Spp ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Intensive Formation ◽  
Process Material

Objectives. To study the dependence of the formation intensity of microbial biofilms by isolates from patients on the severity and localization of the infectious process. Material and methods. The study conducted from 2016 to 2020 included 894 clinical isolates from 720 patients with infectious pathology of various localization and severety. The formation intensity of microbial biofilms by isolates received from these patients has been studied, depending on the severity and localization of the infectious process. Results. The property to form biofilms was found out in the overwhelming majority of tested isolates (86.6%). At the same time P. aeruginosa isolates had the maximum biofilm-forming ability, the weight of the microbial biofilm of which was 48.25; 30.1-70.2 mcg/well. The conducted studies have shown the dependence of biofilm formation on the severity of the disease in which isolates were isolated. A direct close relationship was found between the severity of the disease and the mass of microbial biofilm of P. aeruginosа and K. pneumoniae, a weak one - in Acinetobacter spp. (r=0.73, r=0.7 and r=0.35, p<0.05 accordingly). Conclusions. It can be assumed that intensive formation of biofilms by clinical isolates is an important factor of the aggressiveness and severity of the infectious process. Moreover, the conducted study has shown the dependence of biofilm formation on the severity of the disease in which isolates were isolated.

scholarly journals Silver-Derived Antimicrobial Coatings for the Prevention of Microbial Biofilms in Metal Pipes

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vela-Cano ◽  
C. Garcia-Fontana ◽  
F. Osorio ◽  
A. González-Martinez ◽  
J. González-López
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Coatings ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Silver Zeolite ◽  
Metal Pipes ◽  
Pipeline Corrosion

AbstractBiodeterioration is one of the most important processes in metal pipeline corrosion, and it can be due to physical, chemical, and biological factors. Coatings rich in silver have been used to inhibit this undesirable phenomenon. In this study, the antimicrobial properties of several silver-containing products used as a coating in pipelines were determined on a pilot scale in order to evaluate the ability of silver to inhibit biofilm formation. The results showed that the coating with silver zeolite at a concentration of 2000 mg L–1 inhibited the formation of a microbial biofilm and prevented the biodeterioration process. Therefore, from our study, it can be concluded that silver zeolite shows greater protection capacity than other silver preparations and presents advantages in relation to other silver coatings that are currently available

scholarly journals Vesicle-associatedPseudomonas aeruginosaleucine aminopeptidase modulates bacterial biofilms grown on host cellular substrates

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin N. Esoda ◽  
Meta J. Kuehn
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Coculture Model ◽  
Chronic Colonization ◽  
Bacterial Outer Membrane ◽  
Future Work

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa, known as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, secretes a variety of virulence-associated proteases. These enzymes have been shown to contribute significantly toP. aeruginosapathogenesis and biofilm formation in the chronic colonization of CF patient lungs, as well as playing a role in infections of the cornea, burn wounds and chronic wounds. Our lab has previously characterized a secretedP. aeruginosapeptidase, PaAP, that is highly expressed in chronic CF isolates. This leucine aminopeptidase is not only secreted solubly, it also associates with bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), structures known for their contribution to virulence mechanisms in a variety of Gram-negative species and one of the major components of the biofilm matrix. With this in mind, we hypothesized that PaAP may play a role inP. aeruginosabiofilm formation. Using a lung epithelial cell/bacterial biofilm coculture model, we show that PaAP deletion in a clinicalP. aeruginosabackground leads to increased early biofilm formation. We additionally found that only native vesicle-bound PaAP, as opposed to its soluble forms, could reconstitute the original PaAP-mediated inhibition phenotype, and that the PaAP-containing vesicles could disperse preformed biofilm microcolonies ofKlebsiella pneumoniae, another lung pathogen. These data provide the basis for future work into the mechanism behind PaAP-OMV mediated bacterial microcolony dispersal and the application of these findings to clinical anti-biofilm research.

scholarly journals The Effect of Gold and Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles on Biofilm-Forming Pathogens

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Bala Sathyanarayanan ◽  
Reneta Balachandranath ◽  
Yuvasri Genji Srinivasulu ◽  
Sathish Kumar Kannaiyan ◽  
Guruprakash Subbiahdoss
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Exopolymeric Substances

Microbial biofilms on biomaterial implants or devices are hard to eliminate by antibiotics due to their protection by exopolymeric substances that embed the organisms in a matrix, impenetrable for most antibiotics and immune-cells. Application of metals in their nanoparticulated form is currently considered to resolve bacterial infections. Gold and iron-oxide nanoparticles are widely used in different medical applications, but their utilisation to eradicate biofilms on biomaterials implants is novel. Here, we studied the effect of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. We report that biofilm growth was reduced at higher concentrations of gold and iron-oxide nanoparticles compared to absence of nanoparticles. Thus nanoparticles with appropriate concentration could show significant reduction in biofilm formation.

Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum at an Unusual Location: a Case Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 01-04
Author(s):  
Anirudha Gulanikar ◽  
Omkar S. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Anogenital Region ◽  
Syringocystadenoma Papilliferum ◽  
Neck Area ◽  
Adnexal Tumor

A case of 15year old female presented with lesion over back since childhood, with occasional bleeding and oozing from lesion without any associated systemic complaints. There were multiple verrucous coalescing papules forming plaque with overlying erosion present over left lower back- diagnosed provisionally as angiokeratoma circumscriptum and was biopsied. Histopathology revealed findings consistent with Syringocystadenoma papilliferum. Surgical excision was done and closed with rotation flap. Syringocystadenoma is benign cutaneous adnexal tumor presenting clinically with many morphologies such as warty papules, nodules, plaques with oozing of serous material. Lesion is usually seen in head and neck area in most cases however can also occur on extremities, buttocks, anogenital region. It is characterized by multiple invaginations from skin surface in association with hair follicles lined by cuboidal to columnar epithelium on luminal aspect and myoepithelial cells on outside. There is papillary architecture and dermal ductal component.

Visualization of microbial biofilms in case of digestive disorders in lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
E. M. Lenchenko ◽  
N. P. Sachivkina ◽  
D. A. Blumenkrants ◽  
A. Yu. Arsenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Microbial Structures ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Dense Grid ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
Biofilm Structure

The paper demonstrates morphometric and densitometric parameters of microbial biofilms recovered from lambs with digestive disorders. Changes of quantitative and species composition of the intestinal microbiocenoses in the lambs with digestive disorders were compared with the ones of the clinically healthy lambs. Light microscopy results demonstrated formation of three-dimensional biofilm structure in the form of dense grid consisting of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, yeast cells, hyphas and pseudohyphas surrounded with intracellular polymer matrix. Presence of blastospores aided to the increased number of cells attached to the substrate, and biofilm was formed, which consisted of rod and round cells attached to the microfungi cells. In the process of dispersion that occurred during the destruction of the intercellular matrix and bacterial and yeast cell detachment, branched structures separated from the microcolonies and colonized microorganism- free regions of the substrate. The intensity of biofilm formation by the microorganisms under study was evaluated by optic density measurement in 48 hours of cultivation. Fluorescence microscopy results demonstrated that the dynamics of changes of the viable microbial structures was specified by intermittent periods of increased or decreased biofilm formation intensity. Cells characterized by active growth and replication and forming alternating subpopulations were detected in the examined microbial cultures. When determining the viability of the microorganisms in the biofilms, the viable (green fluorescence) and non-viable (red fluorescence) cells were differentiated.

An untargeted investigation into the skin surface lipidome in the West Highland white terrier dog, with and without atopic dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Louise Orbell ◽  
Nick J Cave ◽  
Katharina Parry ◽  
Craig E Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Skin Surface ◽  
Surface Lipids ◽  
Skin Surface Lipids ◽  
Secondary Hypothesis ◽  
Unaffected Skin

Abstract Background – The skin barrier is important in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and stratum corneum lipids have a critical role. Skin surface lipids have been largely overlooked but also contribute to barrier function. An untargeted approach was used to compare the skin surface lipids from atopic and non-atopic West Highland White terrier dogs. The primary hypothesis was that a difference in the lipidome of atopic and non-atopic dogs would be found and the secondary hypothesis was that affected and unaffected skin would differ in lipid profile.Results – Thirty-nine dogs were classified into one of four disease status groups based on strict criteria. Samples for lipid analysis were collected from affected and unaffected skin, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry found 421 lipid soluble features. Ten lipids were positively identified. Statistical analysis could not distinguish between non-atopic and atopic dogs. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis revealed a difference in the lipid profiles from affected and non-affected skin irrespective of disease status. Conclusions – An untargeted approach found a large array of unidentified lipids from the skin surface. There was a difference in the lipidome between affected and unaffected skin that was not related to disease status. Investigation into the lipidome of the skin surface in health and disease is an emerging area of research which could have clinical and therapeutic applications.

Microbial Biofilm Formation on Vanillin Incorporated Surgical Obturator Resin

2020 ◽  
Vol 853 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Pakpoom Kedcharoen ◽  
Boonyanit Thaweboon ◽  
Natthamet Wongsirichat ◽  
Sroisiri Thaweboon
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Property ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Surgical Removal ◽  
Microbial Biofilm ◽  
Heat Cure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pmma Resin

Self-cure poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin has been the material commonly used for fabrication of surgical obturator. The appliance is used in the cancer patient after surgical removal of the affected maxillofacial tissues. However, wearing of this resin appliance can enhance a condition for microbial biofilm aggregation and put patients at increased risk of infection. Vanillin-incorporated heat-cure PMMA resin and self-cure PMMA resin have been developed and demonstrated to have antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to evaluate antimicrobial property of vanillin-incorporated self-cure PMMA obturator resin on the biofilm formation of C. albicans and S. aureus. The resin samples (Orthocryl® EQ, Dentaurum, Germany) were prepared with vanillin incorporation (0.1% and 0.5% vanillin). All samples were coated with sterile saliva and incubated at 37 °C for 60 min. The Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 5638 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 suspensions (107 colony forming unit/mL) were prepared and microbial biofilm formation was done in 96-well plate at 37°C for 24 h. The amount of biofilm was quantified by Cell Counting Kit WST-8 (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, USA) at 450 nm. All tests were performed in triplicate on three separate occasions. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used for the statistical analysis. It was found that approximately 52% and 48% biofilm reductions were observed in 0.1% and 0.5% vanillin groups against S.aureus compared with 0% vanillin (control group) whereas 46% and 54% biofilm reductions were seen against C. albicans biofilm. In conclusion, the incorporation of vanillin in surgical obturator PMMA resin was demonstrated to have antimicrobial property against biofilm formation of S. aureus and C. albicans. This can help the patient who wears surgical obturator for the prevention of opportunistic infections.

Bacteriophage Therapy of Chronic Nonhealing Wound: Clinical Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Gupta ◽  
Hari Shankar Singh ◽  
Vijay K. Shukla ◽  
Gopal Nath ◽  
Satyanam Kumar Bhartiya
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Complete Healing ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriophage Therapy ◽  
Inflammatory Phase ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria

Background: A chronic wound usually results due to halt in the inflammatory phase of wound healing. Bacterial infections and biofilm formation are considered to be the basic cause of it. Chronic wounds significantly impair the quality of life. Antibiotics are now failing due to biofilm formation emergence of drug-resistant bacteria. Objective: This study aims to see the effect of bacteriophage therapy in chronic nonhealing wound infected with the following bacteria: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Subject: Patients with chronic nonhealing wound not responding to conventional local debridement and antibiotic therapy were included in the study. The age of patients ranged between 12 and 60 years. Method: A total of 20 patients selected and tissue biopsies and wound swabs were taken for isolation of the bacteria. After confirmation of organism, a cocktail of customized bacteriophages was topically applied over the wound on alternate days till the wound surface became microbiologically sterile. Mean bacterial count and clinical assessment were done and compared at the time of presentation and after 3 and 5 doses of application. Results: A significant improvement was observed in the wound healing, and there were no signs of infection clinically and microbiologically after 3 to 5 doses of topical bacteriophage therapy. Seven patients achieved complete healing on day21 during follow up while in others healthy margins and healthy granulation tissue were observed. Conclusion: Topical bacteriophage application may be quite effective therapy for the treatment of chronic nonhealing wounds.

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