scholarly journals Circadian dynamics of the teleost skin immune-microbiome interface

Microbiome ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Ellison ◽  
David Wilcockson ◽  
Jo Cable
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Light Manipulation ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background Circadian rhythms of host immune activity and their microbiomes are likely pivotal to health and disease resistance. The integration of chronotherapeutic approaches to disease mitigation in managed animals, however, is yet to be realised. In aquaculture, light manipulation is commonly used to enhance growth and control reproduction but may have unknown negative consequences for animal health. Infectious diseases are a major barrier to sustainable aquaculture and understanding the circadian dynamics of fish immunity and crosstalk with the microbiome is urgently needed. Results Here, using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) as a model, we combine 16S rRNA metabarcoding, metagenomic sequencing and direct mRNA quantification methods to simultaneously characterise the circadian dynamics of skin clock and immune gene expression, and daily changes of skin microbiota. We demonstrate daily rhythms in fish skin immune expression and microbiomes, which are modulated by photoperiod and parasitic lice infection. We identify putative associations of host clock and immune gene profiles with microbial composition. Our results suggest circadian perturbation, that shifts the magnitude and timing of immune and microbiota activity, is detrimental to fish health. Conclusions The substantial circadian dynamics and fish host expression-microbiome relationships we find represent a valuable foundation for investigating the utility of chronotherapies in aquaculture, and more broadly contributes to our understanding of the role of microbiomes in circadian health of vertebrates.

scholarly journals Circadian dynamics of the teleost skin immune-microbiome interface

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R Ellison ◽  
David Wilcockson ◽  
Jo Cable
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Immune Gene ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Light Manipulation ◽  
Gene Profiles ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
And Control

AbstractCircadian rhythms of host immune activity and their microbiomes are likely pivotal to health and disease resistance. The integration of chronotherapeutic approaches to disease mitigation in managed animals, however, is yet to be realised. In aquaculture, light manipulation is commonly used to enhance growth and control reproduction but may have unknown negative consequences for animal health. Infectious diseases are a major barrier to sustainable aquaculture and understanding the circadian dynamics of fish immunity and crosstalk with the microbiome is urgently needed. We demonstrate daily rhythms in fish skin immune expression and microbiomes, that are modulated by photoperiod and parasitic infection. We identify putative associations of host clock and immune gene profiles with microbial composition. Our results suggest circadian perturbation that shifts the magnitude and timing of immune and microbiota activity, is detrimental to fish health. This study represents a valuable foundation for investigating the utility of chronotherapies in aquaculture, and more broadly contributes to our understanding of circadian health in vertebrates.

scholarly journals BOARD INVITED REVIEW: The pig microbiota and the potential for harnessing the power of the microbiome to improve growth and health1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 3741-3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirosh D Aluthge ◽  
Dana M Van Sambeek ◽  
Erin E Carney-Hinkle ◽  
Yanshuo S Li ◽  
Samodha C Fernando ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Microbial Colonization ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Specific Host ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Impact

Abstract A variety of microorganisms inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of animals including bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. Pioneers in gut microbiology have stressed the critical importance of diet:microbe interactions and how these interactions may contribute to health status. As scientists have overcome the limitations of culture-based microbiology, the importance of these interactions has become more clear even to the extent that the gut microbiota has emerged as an important immunologic and metabolic organ. Recent advances in metagenomics and metabolomics have helped scientists to demonstrate that interactions among the diet, the gut microbiota, and the host to have profound effects on animal health and disease. However, although scientists have now accumulated a great deal of data with respect to what organisms comprise the gastrointestinal landscape, there is a need to look more closely at causative effects of the microbiome. The objective of this review is intended to provide: 1) a review of what is currently known with respect to the dynamics of microbial colonization of the porcine gastrointestinal tract; 2) a review of the impact of nutrient:microbe effects on growth and health; 3) examples of the therapeutic potential of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics; and 4) a discussion about what the future holds with respect to microbiome research opportunities and challenges. Taken together, by considering what is currently known in the four aforementioned areas, our overarching goal is to set the stage for narrowing the path towards discovering how the porcine gut microbiota (individually and collectively) may affect specific host phenotypes.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Analysis of the Fecal Archaeome in Suckling Piglets Following Perinatal Tulathromycin Metaphylaxis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1825
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zeineldin ◽  
Ameer Megahed ◽  
Benjamin Blair ◽  
Brian Aldridge ◽  
James Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
And Function ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

The gastrointestinal microbiome plays an important role in swine health and wellbeing, but the gut archaeome structure and function in swine remain largely unexplored. To date, no metagenomics-based analysis has been done to assess the impact of an early life antimicrobials intervention on the gut archaeome. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of perinatal tulathromycin (TUL) administration on the fecal archaeome composition and diversity in suckling piglets using metagenomic sequencing analysis. Sixteen litters were administered one of two treatments (TUL; 2.5 mg/kg IM and control (CONT); saline 1cc IM) soon after birth. Deep fecal swabs were collected from all piglets on days 0 (prior to treatment), 5, and 20 post intervention. Each piglet’s fecal archaeome was composed of rich and diverse communities that showed significant changes over time during the suckling period. At the phylum level, 98.24% of the fecal archaeome across all samples belonged to Euryarchaeota. At the genus level, the predominant archaeal genera across all samples were Methanobrevibacter (43.31%), Methanosarcina (10.84%), Methanococcus (6.51%), and Methanocorpusculum (6.01%). The composition and diversity of the fecal archaeome between the TUL and CONT groups at the same time points were statistically insignificant. Our findings indicate that perinatal TUL metaphylaxis seems to have a minimal effect on the gut archaeome composition and diversity in sucking piglets. This study improves our current understanding of the fecal archaeome structure in sucking piglets and provides a rationale for future studies to decipher its role in and impact on host robustness during this critical phase of production.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 does not have a strong effect on the nasopharyngeal microbial composition

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzipi Braun ◽  
Shiraz Halevi ◽  
Rotem Hadar ◽  
Gilate Efroni ◽  
Efrat Glick Saar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Microbiology ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
16S Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The World ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Sampling ◽  
Potential Interactions

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread around the world, impacting the lives of many individuals. Growing evidence suggests that the nasopharyngeal and respiratory tract microbiome are influenced by various health and disease conditions, including the presence and the severity of different viral disease. To evaluate the potential interactions between Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the nasopharyngeal microbiome. Microbial composition of nasopharyngeal swab samples submitted to the clinical microbiology lab for suspected SARS-CoV-2 infections was assessed using 16S amplicon sequencing. The study included a total of 55 nasopharyngeal samples from 33 subjects, with longitudinal sampling available for 12 out of the 33 subjects. 21 of the 33 subjects had at least one positive COVID-19 PCR results as determined by the clinical microbiology lab. Inter-personal variation was the strongest factor explaining > 75% of the microbial variation, irrespective of the SARS-CoV-2 status. No significant effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the nasopharyngeal microbial community was observed using multiple analysis methods. These results indicate that unlike some other viruses, for which an effect on the microbial composition was noted, SARS-CoV-2 does not have a strong effect on the nasopharynx microbial habitants.

scholarly journals Agro-Environmental Determinants of Leptospirosis: A Retrospective Spatiotemporal Analysis (2004−2014) in Mahasarakham Province (Thailand)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Jaruwan Viroj ◽  
Julien Claude ◽  
Claire Lajaunie ◽  
Julien Cappelle ◽  
Anamika Kritiyakan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Spatiotemporal Analysis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
The Public ◽  
Additive Modeling ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control ◽  
Northeastern Thailand

Leptospirosis has been recognized as a major public health concern in Thailand following dramatic outbreaks. We analyzed human leptospirosis incidence between 2004 and 2014 in Mahasarakham province, Northeastern Thailand, in order to identify the agronomical and environmental factors likely to explain incidence at the level of 133 sub-districts and 1,982 villages of the province. We performed general additive modeling (GAM) in order to take the spatial-temporal epidemiological dynamics into account. The results of GAM analyses showed that the average slope, population size, pig density, cow density and flood cover were significantly associated with leptospirosis occurrence in a district. Our results stress the importance of livestock favoring leptospirosis transmission to humans and suggest that prevention and control of leptospirosis need strong intersectoral collaboration between the public health, the livestock department and local communities. More specifically, such collaboration should integrate leptospirosis surveillance in both public and animal health for a better control of diseases in livestock while promoting public health prevention as encouraged by the One Health approach.

scholarly journals Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) Control of a Virtual Assistant in a Smartphone to Manage Messaging Applications

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3716
Author(s):  
Francisco Velasco-Álvarez ◽  
Álvaro Fernández-Rodríguez ◽  
Francisco-Javier Vizcaíno-Martín ◽  
Antonio Díaz-Estrella ◽  
Ricardo Ron-Angevin
Keyword(s):  
Free Text ◽  
Short Message ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Brain Signals ◽  
Message Service ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
And Control ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Visual P300

Brain–computer interfaces (BCI) are a type of assistive technology that uses the brain signals of users to establish a communication and control channel between them and an external device. BCI systems may be a suitable tool to restore communication skills in severely motor-disabled patients, as BCI do not rely on muscular control. The loss of communication is one of the most negative consequences reported by such patients. This paper presents a BCI system focused on the control of four mainstream messaging applications running in a smartphone: WhatsApp, Telegram, e-mail and short message service (SMS). The control of the BCI is achieved through the well-known visual P300 row-column paradigm (RCP), allowing the user to select control commands as well as spelling characters. For the control of the smartphone, the system sends synthesized voice commands that are interpreted by a virtual assistant running in the smartphone. Four tasks related to the four mentioned messaging services were tested with 15 healthy volunteers, most of whom were able to accomplish the tasks, which included sending free text e-mails to an address proposed by the subjects themselves. The online performance results obtained, as well as the results of subjective questionnaires, support the viability of the proposed system.

Animal health and disease therapy on organic dairy farms in the Republic of Ireland

2006 ◽  
Vol 159 (20) ◽  
pp. 680-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. O'Mahony ◽  
A. M. Healy ◽  
K. J. O'Farrell ◽  
M. L. Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
Disease Therapy ◽  
Organic Dairy ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Organic Dairy Farms

Food for thought: food systems, livestock futures and animal health

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Angela Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Futures Research ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Fundamental Misunderstanding ◽  
And Control ◽  
Global Food

AbstractGlobal food security, livestock production and animal health are inextricably bound. However, our focus on the future tends to disaggregate food and health into largely separate domains. Indeed, much foresight work is either food systems or health-based with little overlap in terms of predictions or narratives. Work on animal health is no exception. Part of the problem is the fundamental misunderstanding of the role, nature and impact of the modern futures tool kit. Here, I outline three key issues in futures research ranging from methodological confusion over the application of scenarios to the failure to effectively integrate multiple methodologies to the gap between the need for more evidence and power and control over futures processes. At its core, however, a better understanding of the narrative and worldview framing much of the futures work in animal health is required to enhance the value and impact of such exercises.

REGIONALISM APPROACH UNDER THE COVID-19 CIRCUMSTANCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
E. Rasoulinezhad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Parts

The outbreak of Covid-19 disease since late 2019 has led to fundamental changes in the process of globalization and liberalization of the world economy. In order to prevent the spread of this disease and control its negative consequences, many countries have implemented policies such as urban quarantine, cutting off passenger communication with neighboring countries and the world, closing tourist and tourist places, and implementing policies to protect domestic industries. In general, it led to the phenomenon of reverse globalization. According to the development of new economic convergence, which is based on the role of the market in economic relations between countries can play an important role in improving the productive capacity of countries in a region and create economic integration in different parts of the world. Such a state of integration in different parts of the world could be the solution to the process of globalization and in the post-Corona era, the concept of “one for all, all for one” was created at the regional and global level. As policy implications, the paper recommended some points to make a greater integration between Iran and Russia in the region

ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL LOSSES CAUSED BY ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY ISSUES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.G. Shifrin ◽  
◽  
N.V. Limarenko ◽  
D.V. Trinz ◽  
D.S. Inozemtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
And Control

This article discusses the problems of the influence of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) violations of electrical and electronic devices on the surrounding ecosystems. The analysis is carried out and the classification of EMC violations is given, the causes of the compatibility violation are examined, and the economic losses and the negative environmental impact, as a consequence of the considered violations, are analyzed. A classification and generalization of methods to minimize the negative consequences of EMC violations was carried out, criteria for reducing economic losses were considered, methods for preventing and preventing EMC violations of various power and electronic devices were classified. The methods of monitoring the compatibility of devices are considered and recommendations are given for observing the necessary safety and control requirements.

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