scholarly journals Toxicity evaluation and chemical composition of Capsicum frutescens for natural control of Asian blue tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Kishore ◽  
Neha Loach ◽  
C. N. Srivastava ◽  
Lalit Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Capsicum Frutescens ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Chemical Screening

Abstract Background Indiscriminate use of synthetic acaricides in the management of veterinary parasites has led to environmental pollution, acaricidal resistance and their residues in the animal products. These problems are directly demanded an alternative acaricidal source for the ticks control and that should be cost-effective, eco-friendly and target specific. The current study demonstrated the acaricidal effects of Capsicum frutescens (fruits) against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. In adult immersion test, the effects of the treatment on engorged females were assessed by measuring egg mass production, estimated reproductive factor, and % inhibition of reproduction. Results Methanol extract was observed the most effective against adults with LC50 617.54 ppm and LC90 1040.41 ppm. The other target extracts (petroleum ether and hexane) were less effective to the engorged females of R. microplus. Chemical analysis of the potent extract was elucidated by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry analysis and Cis-13-octadecenoic acid was observed as main compound (43.54%). The simultaneous evaluation of the qualitative chemical screening of the methanol extract showed the presence of tannins, saponins, carbohydrates, steroids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Conclusion The study concludes that the methanol extract of C. frutescens fruits revealed the significant acaricidal properties and may be used as safe alternative for tick management.

scholarly journals Acaricidal activity of Amburana cearensis on the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Caroline dos Santos Dantas ◽  
Andreina de Carvalho Araujo ◽  
Alessandra Gomes Marques Pacheco ◽  
Alexsandro Branco ◽  
Luis Antônio Sangioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Gradual Dose

ABSTRACT: This experiment was carried out to study the bioacaricidal activity of Amburana cearensis against engorged females of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. The crude ethanolic extract from the leaves of A. cearensis was submitted to partition with organic solvents (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate) in order of increasing polarity; and evaluated using three treatments at concentrations of 5, 10 and 25mg ml-1. To evaluate the acaricidal activity, engorged females were submitted to the adult immersion test. Parameters analyzed were the weight of females; weight of egg mass; percentage of hatch; reproductive efficiency; expected rate of reproduction; and efficacy. For each extract and concentrating fraction, tests were performed in triplicate. Among all fractions, the hexane (2.5%) achieved the best results in all parameters analyzed: 52.7% of inhibition of oviposition; 39% of hatching rate; 3,271 index of reproductive efficiency; and 67.0% effectiveness. The extract obtained gradual dose response with increasing concentration; and could be used as an aid in the control of R. (B.) microplus therapy.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Volatile Nematicidal Metabolites from Duddingtonia flagrans against Meloidogyne incognita

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2268
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Mei ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Guohong Li
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes

Plant parasitic nematodes, especially parasitic root-knot nematodes, are one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide. The control of plant root-knot nematodes is extremely challenging. Duddingtonia flagrans is a type of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF), which produces three-dimensional adhesive networks to trap nematodes. In this study, the pathogenicity and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the NTF D. flagrans against the plant root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, were investigated. The predatory process of D. flagrans trapping M. incognita was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the VOCs from D. flagrans led to the identification of 52 metabolites, of which 11 main compounds were tested individually for their activity against M. incognita. Three compounds, cyclohexanamine, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexanol, were toxic to M. incognita. Furthermore, these three VOCs inhibited egg hatching of M. incognita. Cyclohexanamine showed the highest nematicidal activity, which can cause 97.93% mortality of M. incognita at 8.71 µM within 12 h. The number of hatched juveniles per egg mass after 3 days was just 8.44 when treated with 26.14 µM cyclohexanamine. This study is the first to demonstrate the nematicidal activity of VOCs produced by D. flagrans against M. incognita, which indicates that D. flagrans has the potential to biocontrol plant root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Acaricidal Activity of Nemuaron vieillardii Essential Oil against the Cattle Tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1601101
Author(s):  
Nicolas Lebouvier ◽  
Thomas Hue ◽  
Joseph Brophy ◽  
Edouard Hnawia ◽  
Mohammed Nour
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Human Carcinogen

Essential oil from leaves of Nemuaron vieillardii (Baill.) Baill., a shrub used in the kanak pharmacopeia, was analyzed by gas chromatography and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main compounds identified were safrole (49.7%), linalool (8.0%), δ-cadinene (5.1%), caryophyllene oxide (4%) and α-copaene (2.4%). This chemical composition is consistent with leaf oils of the Atherospermataceae family and demonstrates the proximity of the two genera Nemuaron and Atherosperma as regards to their essential oil compositions. The modified Larval Packet Test (LPT) was used to assess acaricidal effect of N. vieillardii essential oil on larvae of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and LC50 was then calculated to 14.67%. High content of safrole in this oil which is suspected of being a human carcinogen, poses the problem of the use of this oil in a perspective of development of alternative tick control strategy and in the traditional medicinal consumption of Nemuaron vieillardii.

scholarly journals Efficiency of tick biotherapic on the control of infestation by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Dutch dairy cows.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 156-164
Author(s):  
Zilda Cristiani Gazim ◽  
Fabiana Borges Padilha Ferreira ◽  
Aristeu Vieira Da Silva ◽  
Kelly Cristina Bolognese ◽  
Ewerton Merlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Mineral Salt ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus poses serious problems for farmers in Brazil, especially because the parasite easily develops resistance to pesticide agents. For this reason, together with other factors including environmental, human and animal contamination and costs, alternative approaches have been sought for. Aims: this study sough to evaluate the efficiency of a tick biotherapic on tick-infested cows. Methods: 34 dairy Dutch cows were divided in 2 groups: one group received 100g/day of mineral salt supplement impregnated with tick biotherapic 12cH for 6 months, and then in alternate days with tick biotherapic 30cH to complete 28 months of treatment; the other group (control) received only the mineral salt supplement. After 28 months of treatment, engorged Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females were collected in both groups, counted and weighed; in vitro tests were carried out to assess mass of ticks; egg mass; egg-hatching rate; and reproductive efficiency. Results: There was significant difference between both groups for all parameters evaluated; tick-mass (p = 0.0008); egg mass (p=0.0044); egg-hatching rate (p= 0.0017); and reproductive efficiency (p = 0.0044). Conclusion: treatment with tick biotherapic significantly decreased the mass of engorged females, deposition and hatching rate of eggs, resulting consequently in the decrease of the reproductive efficiency of ticks.

scholarly journals NUTRITIONAL AND GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY ANALYSIS OF ANDROGRAPHIS LAWSONII GAMBLE

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
ELAVARASAN SATHYA ◽  
THANGAVEL SEKAR
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ms Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Analysis

Objective: Andrographis lawsonii Gamble is a medicinal herb species, Endemic to India: Karnataka (Dakshina kannada or south Canara district), Kerala (Palakkad district), and Tamil Nadu (Coimbatore and Nilgiris districts). The Andrographis is a large genus of the family Acanthaceae. This study focused to check the preliminary phytochemical nutritive analysis, leaf stem and root and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis leaf methanol extract. Methods: The plant samples were subjected to Soxhlet extraction for phytochemical analysis and further experimental studies. The test on phytochemical studies indicated the presence of alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, and flavonoids glycosides within the plant parts, respectively. The estimation of carbohydrate protein starch methanol leaves extracts to have high activity compared to others. Results: Preliminary phytochemical and Nutritional analysis in A. lawonii. Nutritional analysis in carbohydrate protein and starch content was found to be high in leaf methanol extract. Highly medicinal compound analysis in this GC-MS Analysis 50 compound present in methanol leaf extract. Conclusion: The leaf methanol extract of A. lawsonii has exhibited remarkable preliminary phytochemical analysis and nutritional analysis GC-MS analysis to the medicinal plant.

scholarly journals Methanol Extract of Aerial Parts of Pavetta indica L. Enhances the Cytotoxic Effect of Doxorubicin and Induces Radiation Sensitization in MDA-MB-231 Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi-Kim Nguyen ◽  
Moon ◽  
Ryu ◽  
Eum ◽  
Bach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Radiation Sensitization

Pavetta indica L. is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases including hemorrhoids, headache, urinary conditions, ulcerated nose, and dropsy. However, no study has evaluated the anticancer effect of P. indica L. In this study, we found that a methanol extract of the leaves and branches of P. indica L. (MEPI) caused cellcycle arrest at the sub-G1 phase and induced apoptosis, as indicated by the activation of caspase-8, -3, -7, and c-PARP. Western blotting revealed that MEPI significantly reduced the levels of markers of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, such as Vimentin, Snail, Slug, and matrix metallopeptidase 9. Notably, the expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) was significantly decreased by MEPI. Moreover, the co-treatment with MEPI and doxorubicin resulted in a synergistic reduction in cell viability. MEPI also induced radiation sensitization of TNBC cells. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that 5,6-dehydrokawain (DK) is the major constituent of MEPI. Interestingly, DK exerted significant anti-invasive and anti-metastatic effects. Our results provide a strong rationale for investigating the molecular mechanisms of action of MEPI in TNBC.

scholarly journals Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Oils from Different Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Qi Qiu ◽  
◽  
Yiting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Octadecenoic Acid ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

Regenerated gutter oil (i.e., waste oil) accounts for 10% of the edible oil market, which has caused serious food safety issues. Currently, there is no standard protocol for the identification of the gutter oil. In this study, the pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) method was employed to analyze eleven oil samples including edible vegetable oils (tea oil, corn oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil and blend vegetable oil) and waste oils (used frying oil, lard, chicken fat, inferior oil and kitchen waste grease). Three factors of pyrolysis temperature, reaction time and sample volume were investigated to optimize the analytical parameters. The optimal pyrolysis conditions were determined to be 600°C, 1 min and an injection volume of 0.3 μL. Five characteristic components (tetradecane, z,z-9,12-octadecadienoic acid, decanoic acid-2-propenyl ester, 17-octadecenoic acid, and z-9-octadecenoic acid) were found in all oil samples. The existence of C11-C16 olefins in the pyrolytic products of the animal fats and the other low-quality oils could be utilized to distinguish vegetable oils from gutter oils.

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