scholarly journals Food and ecology or how dietary alterations can affect an aquatic ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lambros Tsounis ◽  
Katerina Iliadi ◽  
George Kehayias
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Purse Seine ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Fish Predator ◽  
Dietary Preferences

AbstractFishing ensures necessary food for humans and is inextricably linked with the environment because coastal communities developed special fishing procedures to achieve better exploitation of the aquatic resources. Lake Trichonis, Greece’s largest natural lake, is a freshwater ecosystem in which a marine species (Atherina boyeri) has entered and dominate the ichthyofauna. This species is exploited by purse seine fishing with the use of light, and previous studies revealed that the fishing lights create a particular food chain reaction, which promotes predation among the attracted fish species, one of which is Scardinius acarnanicus that preys upon A. boyeri. The purse seine fishers typically return to the lake alive S. acarnanicus, due to its low market demand, although it is the main predator of their catch. This custom, apart from causing income losses, promotes instability in the fish populations, while eventually altered the foraging behaviour of S. acarnanicus and made it a fish-predator instead of a typical omnivorous species. Based on data from official fish landing recordings, interviews with local fishers, and responses to questionnaires completed by residents of villages around Lake Trichonis, the present study investigates how changes in the dietary habits of the lakeside communities over time have led to the low market demand for S. acarnanicus. The present findings revealed an interesting relation between the dietary preferences of the local population and their ecological consequences for the fish community of this lake. This will eventually lead to the increase in the top predator (S. acarnanicus) and an inevitable decrease in the main catch (A. boyeri), affecting not only the ecological status of the lake, but also the socioeconomic characteristics of the human populations in this area. From another perspective, the results demonstrate a paradigm of adapted evolution by a wild fish under the pressure of human activities.

scholarly journals Harmonizing Education Outcomes with the Needs of the Saudi Labor Market Demand

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 191-197
Author(s):  
Nadia Yusuf ◽  
Dr. Nisreen Ismail Albanawi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Education System ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Education Outcomes ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
The Right ◽  
Training Opportunities

This paper focuses on the exploration of particular education outcomes in the context of Saudi Arabia and how those aspects can be harmonized with the needs of the Saudi labor market demand. Different arguments related to the emergence of education and training opportunities for the workforce of Saudi Arabia are presented and critically analyzed against major findings derived from the literature. A relevant conclusion presented in the paper refers to the statement that Saudi Arabia is on the right path of expanding its talented employee base in an attempt to improve its education system by making it adequately competitive as compared to major education systems around the world. The research methodology utilized in the study is quantitative by nature implying the researcher's focus on obtaining as objective and unbiased findings from participants as possible. The data collection method used by the researcher is questionnaires as they are identified as a reliable tool to derive adequate information from participants. The research methodology paradigm implemented in the current study refers to positivism. The main conclusion presented in the paper is associated with the belief of participants that the Saudi education system is efficient and reliable enough to accommodate the education and labor market needs of the local population.

Prolegomena to the Romanian Sociology and Historiography of Food

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Bogdan Bucur
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Local Population ◽  
South American ◽  
Dietary Regimen ◽  
The People ◽  
Rural Environments ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Sociology Of Food

AbstractThis article examines the dietary habits of the predominantly rural (and also urban) population from Romania, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In order to access valid data regarding the diet of the local population, we used the analysis of social documents: journals and memoirs of foreign travelers transiting the Romanian Principalities (Wallachia and Moldavia) throughout the nineteenth century, respectively the monographic research of the Sociological School of Bucharest published mainly in the magazine called Sociologie Românească (1936-1942). At various points in time, we employed comparisons between the diet of the people from urban and rural environments, or between the food regimens of adults and children, correlations between the dietary habits and health status of the population, and between the dietary habits from Romania and those from other European and South American countries. A reading of the current article reveals certain a continuity, for hundreds of years, concerning the deficient dietary regimen of the Romanian peasant, who relied heavily on mămăligă, eaten together with several dairy products. Another conclusion is that, in the rural environment, food scarcity was not economically conditioned: even in the relatively prosperous households that were supplied with all the necessary aliments, women prepared plain, tasteless dishes, because they did not know how to cook. And finally, from a theoretical perspective, in this article we aim to address the rural roots of Romanian historiography and sociology of food (which we shall attempt to examine against similar scientific approaches from Western Europe).

The Mediterranean: marine protected areas and the recovery of a large marine ecosystem

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAQUEL GOÑI ◽  
NICHOLAS V.C. POLUNIN ◽  
SERGE PLANES
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Target Populations ◽  
Near Shore ◽  
Large Marine Ecosystem ◽  
The Mediterranean

In the Mediterranean, fishing is an ancient tradition and signs of its presence can be found everywhere along its coasts. In early times, most fishing was carried out from land with small nets and traps and only a portion of the fishing operations was carried out from boats away from the coast. Over time, growth of human populations along the Mediterranean coasts led to the expansion of sea fishing and gradual depletion of many near-shore stocks. Until recently, fishing in the Mediterranean retained its artisanal character. The type of small vessels, the fishing gears and labour-intensive character of the operations had changed little from generation to generation. However, some fishing practices benefited greatly from the advent of new technologies, such as those that replaced sails by powered engines, or the incorporation of fish-finding devices and efficient gear-handling techniques. These developments added to a growing market demand from the booming Mediterranean population, and led to overfishing of the most vulnerable target populations.

scholarly journals POTENSI LESTARI IKAN SELAR KUNING (Selaroides leptolepis) DI PERAIRAN SELAT SUNDA (Population Dynamics of Yellowstripe Scad (Selaroides leptolepis) in Sunda Strait)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maizan Sharfina ◽  
Mennofatria Boer ◽  
Yunizar Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Purse Seine ◽  
Sustainable Yield ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Frozen Fish ◽  
The One

<p>ABSTRACT<br />Yellowstripe scad included the one of commodity that has an important economic value in the Sunda Strait. Commonly, this species processed by Pandeglang fishermen to be the boiled fish, salted fish, grilled fish, besides it also traded in fresh or frozen fish product. The high market demand can not offset the production of this species from the nature. Therefore, it needed an information about resources of yellowstripe scad in the waters of the Sunda Strait in order to manage it well. The objective of this study was to estimate the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and the optimum fishing effort (fopt), so that the yellowstripe scad resources in the waters of the Sunda Strait can be utilized optimally and sustainably. Based on the standardization analysis, the purse seine be made the standard fishing gear for estimating the MSY of yellowstripe scad. The yellowstripe scad growth patterns during the study is isometric. Trends of CPUE of the yellowstripe scad fisheries tends to decrease during 2003 to 2013. Then, this species was estimated its maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of 304.50 tons per year, with the optimum fishing effort of 12.478 trips per year. The decline of the catch per fishing effort can indicated that the yellowstripe scad fishing conditions in the Sunda Strait was having the overfishing phenomenon.</p><p><br />Key words: Sunda Strait, sustainable potential, yellowstripe scad</p><p>-------</p><p>ABSTRAK</p><p><br />Ikan selar kuning termasuk salah satu komoditas perikanan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis penting di perairan Selat Sunda. Jenis ikan ini, selain banyak dimanfaatkan oleh nelayan sekitar Kabupaten Pandeglang sebagai ikan pindang, ikan bakar, ikan asin, juga diperdagangkan dalam keadaan segar maupun dibekukan. Tingginya permintaan pasar tidak dapat mengimbangi produksi ikan tersebut di alam. Oleh karena itu, untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai tingkat pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan selar kuning di perairan Selat Sunda, diperlukan suatu kajian mengenai potensi lestari ikan selar kuning. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil tangkapan maksimum lestari (maximum sustainable yield atau MSY) serta upaya penangkapan maksimum lestari (fopt) sehingga sumberdaya ikan selar kuning di Perairan Selat Sunda dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan berkelanjutan. Berdasarkan hasil standardisasi, alat tangkap standart yang digunakan adalah purse seine. Pola pertumbuhan ikan selar kuning selama penelitian, yaitu isometrik. Hasil perhitungan CPUE menunjukkan adanya produksi yang cenderung menurun dengan upaya penangkapan yang meningkat dari tahun 2003 sampai 2013. Hasil perhitungan potensi hasil tangkapan maksimum lestari (MSY) diestimasi sebesar 304,50 ton per tahun, dan upaya penangkapan optimumnya adalah 12.478 trip per tahun. Penurunan hasil tangkapan per upaya penangkapan dapat dijadikan salah satu indikasi bahwa kondisi penangkapan ikan selar kuning di Perairan Selat Sunda sedang mengalami gejala lebih tangkap atau overfishing.</p><p><br />Kata kunci: Selat Sunda, potensi lestari, ikan selar kuning</p>

scholarly journals Ecosystem changes in the Egyptian saline Lake Qarun during the XX–XXI centuries (short review)

2016 ◽  
Vol 320 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-261
Author(s):  
E.V. Anufriieva ◽  
G.M. El-Shabrawy ◽  
N.V. Shadrin
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Aquatic Organism ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Mnemiopsis Leidyi ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Species Invasions ◽  
Lake Qarun ◽  
Ecosystem Changes

Since beginning of the 20th century the salinity growth in Lake Qarun (Egypt) accelerated. Changes in the specific structure of plankton and benthos have been observed. Three stages of biotic changes may be separated. The salinity change determined biodiversity transformation only until 1928. Due to natural causes new species invasions – marginal marine (Cerastoderma glaucum, etc.) and halotolerant lacustrine (Arctodiaptomus salinus, Moina salina, etc.) – occurred, reducing the diversity and abundance of freshwater forms. Because of the growth of salinity the certain species of fish began to disappear in the lake. Catch of fish has fallen sharply, affecting the standard of living of the local population on the shores of the lake. To improve the situation, in 1928, people started to introduce the young marine fishes and crustaceans. Some species of introduced animals began to breed successfully, but not all, so the fry of some species of fish are transported annually from the sea into the lake. The second stage of the biotic transformation in the lake started, when the mass directed and accidental marine aquatic organism introduction by people was the main reason. The flow of marine species increased, halotolerant lacustrine species have disappeared, and the maritime community has formed. In 1950–1970s, intensive eutrophication began; it and alien species anthropogenic introduction have become the driving forces of the ecosystem changes. In the next decades, the main causes of changes in community structure will be eutrophication, pollution and aliens, especially jellyfish Mnemiopsis leidyi, invaded the lake in 2014.

scholarly journals Abdominal Pain in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
O. V. Gaus ◽  
M. A. Livzan ◽  
D. V. Turchaninov ◽  
T. I. Ivanova ◽  
D. V. Popello
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Severe Abdominal Pain ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Eating Pattern ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Cooked Food ◽  
Medical University

Aim. A study of abdominal pain incidence in young adults in relation to dietary habits and psychological profile for advancement of health-promoting technologies.Materials and methods. An anonymous quiz survey covered 3,634 students enrolled at Omsk State Medical University in higher and secondary vocational education programmes via online use of the GSRS and WHO CINDI programme questionnaires to assess eating patterns and dietary preferences, as well as a brief multifactor personality inventory scale. Respondents with abdominal pain were divided into subcohorts by pain severity according to GSRS scores (mild, moderate or severe pain).Results. Abdominal pain was reported by 2,300 (63.29%) respondents, of whom 1,243 (54.0%) rated symptoms as mild, 996 (43.3%) and 61 (2.7%) — as moderate to severe. Abdominal pain complaints were more frequent in women (2I = 33.96, p <0.001), but gender had no effect on pain intensity. Pain associated with abdominal bloating and distention (57.65%), gastroesophageal reflux symptoms (38.75%), constipation (30.54%) or diarrhoea (28.4%). The presence and severity of abdominal pain was distinctive of individuals spending the most of average monthly income on food purchase and those actively consuming tea, coffee, added sugar, extra salt in cooked food, while having low intake of fruit and vegetables. A typical personality in severe abdominal pain is hypothymic depressive, hypochondriac in moderate and psychasthenic in mild pain.Conclusion. Abdominal pain is common among medical students predominating in females, associates with the eating pattern, dietary habits and psychological profile.

scholarly journals Endocrinological aspects of dietary habits

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Lapčík
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Iodine Supplementation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Individual Human

Dietary habits reflect both the recent economic possibilities and the cultural history of individual human populations. They may influence endocrine systems and thus affect the health of the respective populations in several manners: (1) People consuming exclusively local products may lack certain micronutrients. This is important especially in areas with low levels of iodine and/or selenium in the environment. Thyroid gland insufficiency resulting from the iodine deficiency was widespread in many areas of Central Europe until the introduction of iodine supplementation in the second half of 20&lt;sup&gt;<sup>th</sup> &lt;/sup&gt;century. Iodine deficiency is still a serious problem in many areas of Africa and Asia. (2) Numerous cultural plants contain compounds able to influence important metabolic pathways. Iodine deficiency is usually worsened by thyroidal peroxidase inhibitors, so-called goitrogens. Phenolic and terpenoid compounds may interfere in the metabolism of steroid hormones. Glycyrrhetinic acid from licorice is a potent inhibitor of 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. Isoflavonoids from legumes (e.g. genistein and daidzein) and their metabolites (e.g. equol) were found to inhibit the following enzymes: aromatase, 5alfa-reductase, 7alfa-hydroxylase, 3beta-hydroxysteroid and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, etc. Isoflavonoid sulphates influence local availability of steroids by inhibiting sterol sulphatases. (3) Plant-derived compounds are able to interact with nuclear receptors and act either as hormone agonists or as antagonists. Recently, the attention has been paid namely to the phenolic substances interacting with oestrogen receptors so-called phyto-oestrogens. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Status of organochlorine pesticides in the drinking water well-field located in the Delhi region of the flood plains of river Yamuna

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Mutiyar ◽  
A. K. Mittal ◽  
A. Pekdeger
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Local Population ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Well Field

Abstract. This study presents the occurrence of pesticides in a well-field located in Yamuna flood plain of Delhi region. Ground water sampling campaigns were carried out during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods covering 21 borewells and 5 Ranney wells. Major 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCP's) along with other water quality parameters were monitored during this period. Pesticide concentrations were determined using GC-ECD, while GC-MS was used for confirmatory purposes. OCP's groups like ∑HCH, ∑DDT, endosulfan and aldrin were observed in this well-field. Concentration of OCPs from Ranney well exceeded the limit (1 μg l−1) prescribed by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) in pre-monsoon season, though OCP levels in borewells were within BIS limits. However, these levels were very close to the World Health Organisation (WHO) and European Union (EU) limit of for pesticides (0.5 μg l−1) in many samples. Borewell produced better quality water compared to the water from Ranney wells. Although, the level of OCP's was slightly lower than prescribed limit of national regulatory agency but such low doses may cause long-term damage to human populations if such water is consumed for longer durations. At low doses OCP's acts as endocrine disrupting agent and cause metabolic disorders in local population.

scholarly journals Gut microbiome signature of Viliuisk encephalomyelitis in Yakuts includes an increase in microbes linked to lean body mass and eating behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Kuznetsova ◽  
Alexander Tyakht ◽  
Lyudmila Akhmadishina ◽  
Vera Odintsova ◽  
Natalia Klimenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Endemic Diseases ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is a rare endemic neurodegenerative disease occurring in the Yakut population of Northeastern Siberia. The main clinical features of VE are spasticity, dysarthria, dementia, central paresis and paralysis, and cortical atrophy observed via MRI. Many hypotheses have been proposed regarding its etiology, including infectious agents, genetics, environmental factors, and immunopathology. Each of these hypotheses has been supported to some extent by epidemiological and experimental data. Nevertheless, none of them has been decisively proven. Gut microbiome is one of the factors that might be involved in VE pathogenesis. Results Here we performed a pilot survey of the stool microbiomes of Yakut subjects with VE (n = 6) and without VE (n = 11). 16S rRNA sequencing showed that in comparison with the control group, the Yakuts with VE had increased proportions of Methanobrevibacter and Christensenella, which are reported to be linked to body mass index, metabolism, dietary habits and potentially to neurodegenerative disorders. The identified associations suggest that the microbiome may be involved in VE. Overall, the Yakut microbiome was quite specific in comparison with other populations, such as metropolitan Russians and native inhabitants of the Canadian Arctic. Conclusions Describing the gut microbiome of indigenous human populations will help to elucidate the impact of dietary and environmental factors on microbial community structure and identify risks linked to the lifestyles of such groups as well as endemic diseases.

scholarly journals Changes in dietary preferences: new challenges for sustainability and innovation

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Casini ◽  
C. Contini ◽  
C. Romano ◽  
G. Scozzafava
Keyword(s):  
Generation X ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
Food Patterns ◽  
Innovative Products ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
High Level

The transformations in dietary habits that have occurred over recent decades draw attention to important issues concerning the relationship between lifestyles, diet and health, and open up new challenges for operators in the agricultural and food sector. This study intends to analyse these evolutions, comparing the dietary preferences of generation X in 2001 with its dietary preferences in 2011, and those of the following generation, the so-called generation Y. The analysis was conducted by applying latent class clustering to the food spending of a representative sample of Italian consumers. It has enabled us to identify the prevalent food patterns in 2001 and 2011 and to analyse their transformations, interpreting them in the light of social, cultural and economic changes. The comparison of food pattern characteristics over this period highlights the emergence of trends that move in two different directions. The first of these is the rise of a new dietary sensitivity towards a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables and fish. The other concerns food patterns that are more vulnerable to diseases related to an unhealthy diet. These trends should draw the attention of public operators to the need for communication campaigns that target specific segments and aim to direct food habits towards healthier behaviours. A change in supply could also help improve the diet, especially if aimed at products with a high level of service provision and at establishments that serve food. Finally, the birth of a niche of consumers particularly drawn towards healthy eating opens the way for the industry to propose a series of innovative products.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document