Gut microbiome signature of Viliuisk encephalomyelitis in Yakuts includes an increase in microbes linked to lean body mass and eating behaviour

Abstract Background Viliuisk encephalomyelitis (VE) is a rare endemic neurodegenerative disease occurring in the Yakut population of Northeastern Siberia. The main clinical features of VE are spasticity, dysarthria, dementia, central paresis and paralysis, and cortical atrophy observed via MRI. Many hypotheses have been proposed regarding its etiology, including infectious agents, genetics, environmental factors, and immunopathology. Each of these hypotheses has been supported to some extent by epidemiological and experimental data. Nevertheless, none of them has been decisively proven. Gut microbiome is one of the factors that might be involved in VE pathogenesis. Results Here we performed a pilot survey of the stool microbiomes of Yakut subjects with VE (n = 6) and without VE (n = 11). 16S rRNA sequencing showed that in comparison with the control group, the Yakuts with VE had increased proportions of Methanobrevibacter and Christensenella, which are reported to be linked to body mass index, metabolism, dietary habits and potentially to neurodegenerative disorders. The identified associations suggest that the microbiome may be involved in VE. Overall, the Yakut microbiome was quite specific in comparison with other populations, such as metropolitan Russians and native inhabitants of the Canadian Arctic. Conclusions Describing the gut microbiome of indigenous human populations will help to elucidate the impact of dietary and environmental factors on microbial community structure and identify risks linked to the lifestyles of such groups as well as endemic diseases.

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Gut microbiome dysbiosis in anorexia nervosa

Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.8601 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 75 ◽

pp. 283-291

Author(s):

Agata Janczy ◽

Magdalena Landowska ◽

Zdzisław Kochan

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Body Mass ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Dietary Habits ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is described as an eating disorder, which is characterized by malnutrition, a fear of gaining body mass, and a disturbed self-body image. This disease is dependent on biological, psychological and socio-cultural factors. Among the various biological factors, the importance of intestinal microbiota has recently attracted much attention. Identification of the gut microbiota dysbiosis in patients with AN has opened new and promising research directions. Recent observations focus in particular on the association between intestinal microorganisms and the occurrence of functional gastrointestinal disorders associated with anorexia, anxiety and depression, as well as the regulation of eating habits. The composition of the gut microbiota differs between patients with AN and individuals with normal body mass. This is due to the incorrect diet of patients; on the other hand, there is growing interest in the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of AN, its changes through re-nutrition practices, and in particular the modulation of intestinal microbiological composition by means of nutritional interventions or the use of preand probiotics as standard supplements therapy of eating disorders. There is a need for further research about the microbiome - intestine - brain axis. Furthermore, consequences of changes in dietary habits as part of AN treatment are also unknown. However, better knowledge about the relationship between the gut microbiome and the brain can help improve the treatment of this disorder. This review aims to present the current knowledge about the potential role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis, course and treatment of AN.

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Altered Gut Microbiome and Environmental Factors Associated with Development of Eczema in Hong Kong Infants: A 4-Month Pilot Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17207634 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (20) ◽

pp. 7634

Author(s):

Carmen Wing Han Chan ◽

Judy Yuet Wa Chan ◽

Ting Fan Leung ◽

Kai Chow Choi ◽

Stephen Kwok Wing Tsui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Environmental Factors ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Maternal Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Cereal Products ◽

Potential Association ◽

Full Study ◽

Potential Risk Factors

Eczema is a multifactorial skin disease that affects 20% of children worldwide and has a complex relationship with microbial, nutritional, parental and environmental factors. In this study, we investigated the potential association of eczema with the gut microbiome and environmental factors. One hundred and fifty-two newborn subjects and their mothers were recruited within 10 days postnatally at the Prince of Wales Hospital in Hong Kong, China and asked to complete questionnaires on allergies, maternal diet and environmental assessment at enrolment. Then, the participants were classified as with or without eczema at four months after birth based on the Comprehensive Early Childhood Allergy Questionnaire (CECAQ) and SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index (n = 48, with 24 in each group). Stool samples were collected from both groups at the same time. Microbial DNA was extracted from each stool sample, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to analyze the gut microbiome profiles of the subjects. Our results indicated that the abundance of Bifidobacterium was significantly higher in the eczema group than in the control group (p = 0.04). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted, and the results showed that the father’s education level and maternal intake of cereal products and nutritional supplements during pregnancy were associated with the development of eczema (p = 0.008, 0.032 and 0.015, respectively). In conclusion, this study provided preliminary information about the potential risk factors of eczema development in Hong Kong infants in support of a future full study.

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THE IMPACT OF OBESITY ON THE COURSE OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA IN WOMEN AND ASSESSMENT OF THEIR QUALITY OF LIFE

Likarska sprava ◽

10.31640/jvd.4.2019(4) ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 22-28

Author(s):

V. M. Nedoborenko ◽

I. P. Kaidashev

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Body Mass ◽

Iron Deficiency Anemia ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Control Group ◽

The Impact

Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is one of the causes of chronic fatigue with a decrease in the quality of life, impaired cognitive function and poor labor productivity. Obesity as a condition of chronic low-intensity inflammation is one of the factors that increases the risk of anemia and impairs the quality of life in the general population. We drew attention to the high global prevalence of anemia among pregnant women of reproductive age in the world and the prevalence of high body mass index among women compared to men in most countries. The objective of the work was to determine the impact of obesity on clinical features and quality of life of women with ІDA. We analyzed the main markers of ІDA and hematologic indices in women with obesity (n = 30) compared with the control group (n = 10), where there were women with ІDA but without obesity. It was found that there was no statistical difference between these parameters, but nevertheless, the serum ferritin level in obese women was (4.70 ± 2.68) ng/ml compared to (3.50 ± 2.93) ng/ml and had a significant positive correlation with body mass index. The analysis of the questionnaires revealed that obesity is still a significant factor in women with ІDA and obesity, which determines the decrease in quality of life mainly in the physical aspect in the absence of significant influence on the psychosocial components of health.

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Nutrition information system (SISFORNUTRIMIL) application With Online Food Record for Indonesia Pregnant Women: Protocol for Randomized Controlled Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-634069/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mira Trisyani Koeryaman ◽

Saseendran Pallikadavath ◽

Isobel Ryder ◽

Ngianga Kandala

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Dietary Diversity ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Control Group ◽

Food Record ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: The pregnant women and family may not have the necessary knowledge and skills to estimate nutrient value in food in line with dietary targets and the guidelines, i.e. they do not know whether or not they are consuming the right amount of nutrition needed during pregnancy. The aims of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to examine the impact of SISFORNUTRIMIL application on maternal eating behaviour and associated maternal factors such as weight gain, blood pressure, biochemical measurement, and pregnancy outcome.Methods: The study recruits 112 participants with eligible criteria during December 2019 to January 2020. The allocation of participants is 1:1 to the SISFORNUTRIMIL application user and non-user application, with criteria: singleton pregnancy (22-26 weeks), mother age between 20-35 years), have monthly income and literate. Both groups will receive 12-week standard health services from health professionals and received information about dietary diversity and food record. Particularly, intervention group could be access the SISFORNUTRIMIL on their devices, which provide necessary information about nutrition in pregnancy, food record and food choice includes total serving size calculation. In contrast, the control group only receive food information and food intake record by paper-based, and they should record and calculate the nutrition intake by traditionally. Discussion: This is the first randomized controlled trial to examine the SISFORNUTIMIL application. This mandate reflects keen interest and motivation for the proposed research study. This is in addition to the researcher’s personal efforts to reduce morbidity and mortality rate as well as a general focus on pregnancy complication prevention than nutrition treatment. Thus, an investigation of eating behaviour and associated maternal needed to address this issue. Firstly, the results could extend the scope of knowledge about nutrition intervention to include the Indonesia pregnant women context as well as the Indonesia health ministry context. Secondly, this research could help to change individual health behaviour and activity undertaken by an individual who believes her-self to be healthy.Trial registration: ISRCTN Registry: ISRCTN42690828. Date of registration: 22 October 2019.

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Hyperoxia Provokes Time- and Dose-Dependent Gut Injury and Endotoxemia and Alters Gut Microbiome and Transcriptome in Mice

Frontiers in Medicine ◽

10.3389/fmed.2021.732039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Yunhang Li ◽

Yuanfa Tao ◽

Jingyu Xu ◽

Yihuai He ◽

Wen Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Transcriptome Analysis ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Control Group ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Gut Dysbiosis ◽

The Impact ◽

Dose Dependent

Background: Oxygen therapy usually exposes patients to hyperoxia, which induces injuries in the lung, the heart, and the brain. The gut and its microbiome play key roles in critical illnesses, but the impact of hyperoxia on the gut and its microbiome remains not very clear. We clarified the time- and dose-dependent effects of hyperoxia on the gut and investigated oxygen-induced gut dysbiosis and explored the underlying mechanism of gut injury by transcriptome analysis.Methods: The C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into the control group and nine different oxygen groups exposed to hyperoxia with an inspired O2 fraction (FiO2) of 40, 60, and 80% for 24, 72, and 168 h (7 days), respectively. Intestinal histopathological and biochemical analyses were performed to explore the oxygen-induced gut injury and inflammatory response. Another experiment was performed to explore the impact of hyperoxia on the gut microbiome by exposing the mice to hyperoxia (FiO2 80%) for 7 days, with the 16S rRNA sequencing method. We prolonged the exposure (up to 14 days) of the mice to hyperoxia (FiO2 80%), and gut transcriptome analysis and western blotting were carried out to obtain differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and signaling pathways related to innate immunity and cell death.Results: Inhaled oxygen induced time- and dose-dependent gut histopathological impairment characterized by mucosal atrophy (e.g., villus shortening: 80% of FiO2 for 24 h: P = 0.008) and enterocyte death (e.g., apoptosis: 40% of FiO2 for 7 days: P = 0.01). Administered time- and dose-dependent oxygen led to intestinal barrier dysfunction (e.g., endotoxemia: 80% of FiO2 for 72 h: P = 0.002) and potentiated gut inflammation by increasing proinflammatory cytokines [e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α): 40% of FiO2 for 24 h: P = 0.003)] and reducing anti-inflammatory cytokines [Interleukin 10 (IL-10): 80% of FiO2 for 72 h: P < 0.0001]. Hyperoxia induced gut dysbiosis with an expansion of oxygen-tolerant bacteria (e.g., Enterobacteriaceae). Gut transcriptome analysis identified 1,747 DEGs and 171 signaling pathways and immunoblotting verified TLR-4, NOD-like receptor, and apoptosis signaling pathways were activated in oxygen-induced gut injury.Conclusions: Acute hyperoxia rapidly provokes gut injury in a time- and dose-dependent manner and induces gut dysbiosis, and an innate immune response is involved in an oxygen-induced gut injury.

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Effect of Salinity on the Gut Microbiome of Pike Fry (Esox lucius)

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10072506 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 2506

Author(s):

Tomasz Dulski ◽

Roman Kujawa ◽

Martyna Godzieba ◽

Slawomir Ciesielski

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

High Salinity ◽

Fish Farming ◽

Amplicon Sequencing ◽

Good Alternative ◽

Control Group ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Early Life Stages ◽

The Impact

The increasing popularity of pike in angling and fish farming has created a need to increase pike production. However, intensive pike farming is subject to limitations due to diseases and pathogens. Sodium chloride (NaCl) could be a good alternative to chemotherapeutics, especially for protecting the fish against pathogens and parasites at early life stages. However, the impact of high salinity on the symbiotic bacteria inhabiting freshwater fish is still unclear. Therefore, our objective was to analyze the gut microbiome to find possible changes caused by salinity. In this study, the influence of 3‰ and 7‰ salinity on pike fry was investigated. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to profile the gut microbiome of the fish. It was found that salinity had a statistically significant influence on pike fry mortality. Mortality was highest in the 7‰ salinity group and lowest in the 3‰ group. Microbiological analysis indicated that Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria predominated in the pike gut microbiome in all examined groups, followed by lower percentages of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. There were no statistically significant differences in the percent abundance of bacterial taxa between the control group and groups with a higher salinity. Our results suggest that salinity influences the gut microbiome structure in pike fry, and that 3‰ salinity may be a good solution for culturing pike at this stage in their development.

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Short-term impact of sucralose consumption on the metabolic response and gut microbiome of healthy adults

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114519001570 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 122 (8) ◽

pp. 856-862 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Pamela Thomson ◽

Rodrigo Santibañez ◽

Carolina Aguirre ◽

Jose E. Galgani ◽

Daniel Garrido

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Glycaemic Control ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Control Group ◽

Oral Glucose ◽

Double Blind Study ◽

Model Assessment ◽

Short Term ◽

Before And After ◽

The Impact

AbstractSucralose is an artificial non-nutritive sweetener used in foods aimed to reduce sugar and energy intake. While thought to be inert, the impact of sucralose on metabolic control has shown to be the opposite. The gut microbiome has emerged as a factor shaping metabolic responses after sweetener consumption. We examined the short-term effect of sucralose consumption on glucose homeostasis and gut microbiome of healthy male volunteers. We performed a randomised, double-blind study in thirty-four subjects divided into two groups, one that was administered sucralose capsules (780 mg/d for 7 d; n 17) and a control group receiving placebo (n 17). Before and after the intervention, glycaemic and insulinaemic responses were assessed with a standard oral glucose load (75 g). Insulin resistance was determined using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance and Matsuda indexes. The gut microbiome was evaluated before and after the intervention by 16S rRNA sequencing. During the study, body weight remained constant in both groups. Glycaemic control and insulin resistance were not affected during the 7-d period. At the phylum level, gut microbiome was not modified in any group. We classified subjects according to their change in insulinaemia after the intervention, to compare the microbiome of responders and non-responders. Independent of consuming sucralose or placebo, individuals with a higher insulinaemic response after the intervention had lower Bacteroidetes and higher Firmicutes abundances. In conclusion, consumption of high doses of sucralose for 7 d does not alter glycaemic control, insulin resistance, or gut microbiome in healthy individuals. However, it highlights the need to address individual responses to sucralose.

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Vertical Transmission of Gut Microbiome and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Infants Exposed to Antibiotics at Birth

The Journal of Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/infdis/jiaa155 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Weizhong Li ◽

Terhi Tapiainen ◽

Lauren Brinkac ◽

Hernan A Lorenzi ◽

Kelvin Moncera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Vertical Transmission ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Treated Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Gut Colonization ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Major Route ◽

Group 10 ◽

The Impact

Abstract Vertical transmission of maternal microbes is a major route for establishing the gut microbiome in newborns. The impact of perinatal antibiotics on vertical transmission of microbes and antimicrobial resistance is not well understood. Using a metagenomic approach, we analyzed the fecal samples from mothers and vaginally delivered infants from a control group (10 pairs) and a treatment group (10 pairs) receiving perinatal antibiotics. Antibiotic-usage had a significant impact on the main source of inoculum in the gut microbiome of newborns. The control group had significantly more species transmitted from mothers to infants (P = .03) than the antibiotic-treated group. Approximately 72% of the gut microbial population of infants at 3–7 days after birth in the control group was transmitted from their mothers, versus only 25% in the antibiotic-treated group. In conclusion, perinatal antibiotics markedly disturbed vertical transmission and changed the source of gut colonization towards horizontal transfer from the environment to the infants.

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Impact of a non-restrictive satiating diet on anthropometrics, satiety responsiveness and eating behaviour traits in obese men displaying a high or a low satiety phenotype

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114517002549 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 118 (9) ◽

pp. 750-760 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Hélène Arguin ◽

Angelo Tremblay ◽

John E. Blundell ◽

Jean-Pierre Després ◽

Denis Richard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Control Diet ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Control Group ◽

Flexible Control ◽

Ad Libitum ◽

The Impact ◽

Satiety Responsiveness

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a non-restrictive satiating diet in men displaying various degrees of satiety efficiency. In all, sixty-nine obese men aged 41·5 (sd5·7) years were randomly assigned to a control (10–15, 55–60 and 30 % energy as protein, carbohydrate and lipid, respectively;n34) or satiating (20–25, 45–50 and 30–35 % energy as protein, carbohydrate and lipid, respectively;n35) diet for 16 weeks, and were classified as having a low (LSP) or high (HSP) satiety phenotype. Both diets were consumedad libitum. Changes in body weight, BMI, percent fat mass, waist circumference, satiety responsiveness and eating behaviour traits were assessed following the intervention. Dropout rates were higher in the control diet (44·1 %) compared with the satiating diet (8·6 %). Decreases in body weight, BMI and waist circumference were significant in both groups, yet HSP individuals lost more body weight than LSP individuals (P=0·048). Decreases in % fat mass were greater in the satiating diet (LSP: −2·1 (sd2·1) %;P<0·01 and HSP: −3·0 (sd2·5) %;P<0·001) compared with the control diet (LSP: −1·1 (sd2·5) % and HSP: −1·3 (sd2·6) %) (P=0·034). Satiety responsiveness was markedly improved in the satiating diet, whereas no significant changes were observed in the control group. Changes in dietary restraint (+3·3 (sd2·9) to +7·2 (sd5·5)), flexible control (+0·9 (sd1·4) to +2·3 (sd2·7)), rigid control (+2·2 (sd1·5) to +2·5 (sd2·8)), disinhibition (−2·8 (sd3·7) to −3·2 (sd2·6)) and susceptibility to hunger (−2·7 (sd4·1) to −4·6 (sd3·9)) were similar between the diets. Compared with the control diet, the satiating diet favoured adherence, decreased % fat mass and improved satiety responsiveness in both HSP and LSP individuals.

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Effect of a Short HIIT Program with Specific Techniques on Physical Condition and Activity during Simulated Combat in National-Level Boxers

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13168746 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 8746

Author(s):

Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela ◽

Johan Carter ◽

Elvis Leiva ◽

Pablo Valdés-Badilla ◽

Alex Ojeda-Aravena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Muscle Power ◽

National Level ◽

Repeated Measurements ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Control Group ◽

Body Fat Percentage ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

The Impact

The present study investigated the effect of an additional short-duration HIIT program using boxing-specific techniques on activity during a simulated competition. Additionally, we investigated the impact on physical fitness, specifically aerobic performance and lower-body muscle power. Sixteen boxers were randomized into a control (n = 8) or experimental groups (n = 8). The experimental protocol consisted of 3 blocks of 5 repetitions of 30s all-out effort, with 6s recovery between repetitions and 1 min rest interval between blocks, conducted 3 days per week for 4 weeks. A two-way (group, two levels; moment, two levels) analysis of variance with repeated measurements in the second factor was used. For the experimental group, there was a change in body mass (ES = −0.13 (trivial)), body fat percentage (ES = −0.12 (trivial)), VO2max (ES = +0.42 (small)), CMJ (ES = +0.12 (trivial)), CMJ-left (ES = −0.11 (trivial)), CMJ-right (ES = +0.22 (trivial)), actions (ES = +0.68 (moderate)), time (ES = −0.29 (small)) and punches (ES = +0.56 (moderate)). For the control group, there was a change in body mass (ES = +0.04 (trivial)), body fat percentage (ES = −0.12 (trivial)), VO2max (ES = +0.11 (trivial)), CMJ (ES = −0.27 (small)), CMJ-left (ES = −0.39 (small)), CMJ-right (ES = +0.08 (trivial)), actions (ES = +0.08 (trivial)), time (ES = −0.65 (moderate)) and punches (ES = −0.57 (moderate)). The punches variable was significant concerning group-by-time interaction (F1,14 = 11.630; p = 0.004; n2 = 0.454). The present study indicated that the addition of a boxing-specific HIIT program is effective to increase the number of punches during a simulated match.

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