Detection of subsurface lineaments using edge diffraction

Geophysics ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-55
Author(s):  
Itay Rochlin ◽  
Evgeny Landa ◽  
Shemer Keydar
Keyword(s):  
Homeland Security ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Fault Plane ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Edge Diffraction ◽  
Diffracted Waves ◽  
Sub Wavelength

Detection and imaging of sub-wavelength features in the subsurface using diffracted waves are rapidly gaining momentum in the oil and gas industry as well as in the fields of engineering, archeology, and homeland security. Most of the proposed methods include coherent summation of the recorded wavefield along diffraction traveltime surfaces from point scatterers. The summation focuses energy onto point-like diffractors which appear at the resulting images as prominent anomalies. However, in cases when the target is an elongated object such as a fault plane, fracture, tunnel, or elongated cave, a more efficient imaging method can be constructed. We present an algorithm for detecting and characterizing linear subsurface elements using a linear diffractor operator. The proposed algorithm is based on the coherent summation of the edge diffraction generated by the entire lineament and on the analysis of the calculated coherence measure (semblance). The advantages and limitations of the proposed method are demonstrated, and the results are compared to the conventional point-diffractor-based techniques. Synthetic and real data examples demonstrate that using a linear-diffractor-based algorithm can dramatically improve the detection of linear objects.

Cybersecurity: The Forever Problem

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (07) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Blake Wright
Keyword(s):  
Homeland Security ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
University Of Southern California ◽  
Department Of Homeland Security ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Technology Changes ◽  
The Us ◽  
The University

The oil and gas business has become as much about bytes as barrels in recent years. Artificial intelligence, the internet of things (IoT), big data, and the ongoing digitization of the industry have not only made it a more-efficient machine but also a target to unscrupulous sorts looking to confound, cash in, and move on. As more information comes forward regarding the May 2021 ransomware attack on Colonial Pipeline, it appears to have been a cash grab with the knock-on effect of physically crippling the company’s flow of fuel to East Coast states. The outage was never the goal, but what it if had been? That question, or one similar, was part of what got the US Department of Homeland Security (DHS) involved and the subsequent announcement of a Security Directive that will require critical-pipeline owners and operators to report confirmed and potential cybersecurity incidents to the DHS Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) and to designate a cybersecurity coordinator, to be available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. It will also require critical-pipeline owners and operators to review their current practices as well as to identify any gaps and related remediation measures to address cyber-related risks and report the results to the Transportation Security Administration and CISA within 30 days. The bad guys made off with over $4 million in the Colonial attack; however, the US Department of Justice was able to recover about $2.3 million in the cryptocurrency paid by the pipeline operator. But the Colonial breach wasn’t a first for the oil and gas industry, and it certainly won’t be the last. As more of the oil field comes online, it creates additional access points for would-be villains to pounce. What makes the cybersecurity threat unique compared to other obstacles in the industry is that it is likely unsolvable, only manageable. “This will likely be a forever problem,” said Donald Paul, research professor of engineering at the University of Southern California and former CTO at Chevron. “It’s not like you can do something and fix it all, because ultimately, as the technology changes, as you add more digital systems, more vulnerabilities show up, and then the bad guys figure out how to crack them. It’s an ongoing process.”

Modelling the Formation of Gas Hydrate in the Pipelines

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Saeed Z
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Formation Condition ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Storage Reservoirs ◽  
Petroleum Wells

Water and hydrocarbon are generally found beside each other in nature i.e., hydrocarbons are formed in aqueous environment. Natural gas and crude oil of storage reservoirs and transferring pipes from petroleum wells to industrial processes of oil and gas are in contact with water and they are in equilibrium with each other. Generally, water is considered as an intruder in oil and gas industry from primary production to ultimate consumption. It causes corrosion in pipelines and reduces the heating value of the fuel. High pressure and low temperature could also cause water condensation and liquid water considerably reduces pipelines efficiency. Low temperatures in winter or an adiabatic pressure drop could ultimately lead to hydrate formation in pipelines. Therefore, hydrate formation causes various problems and costs. In order to prevent hydrate formation, there should be comprehensive information about hydrate formation conditions. The available data on hydrate are outdated and might not have enough accuracy. The data are also specified for a single gas component while mixtures of gases are generally observed in pipelines. The current work tries to increase modeling accuracy of hydrate formation condition in pipelines with different compositions. In this research, a program was coded in MATLAB which specifies hydrate formation condition. In this program, the most accurate equations were used to predict the most efficient condition. Results of the program were compared with real data as well as results of PVTsim simulator. The comparisons indicated that this program could predict hydrate formation condition more accurately.

scholarly journals DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE COOPERATION AND COMPETITION RELATIONSHIP IN THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY IN ROMANIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
Doriana Andreea Rămescu ◽  
Nicoleta Sîrghi ◽  
Mihaela Neamțu
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Nonlinear Differential Equations ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Cooperation And Competition ◽  
Wolfram Mathematica ◽  
The Game Theory

The aim of the paper is to analyse the cooperation and competition relationship in the oil and gas industry in Romania using the game theory. The players are the companies, the payoffs are the profits obtained by the entities and there are two strategies as cooperation and competition. Two cases are considered: duopolistic and triopolistic market. The mathematical models have as variables the probabilities of choosing cooperation and competition by each player. They are described by two and three nonlinear differential equations. The time delay is introduced in order to highlight the time between choosing a strategy and its effect. The case studies use real data for two and three companies, respectively, with two scenarios related to the obtained payoffs if they cooperate or not. The time evolutions of the variables are carried out using Wolfram Mathematica 9. Finally, some conclusions and future research are drawn.

Deployment of Digital NDT Solutions in the Oil and Gas Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 861-868
Author(s):  
Casper Wassink ◽  
Marc Grenier ◽  
Oliver Roy ◽  
Neil Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry

What Does Rent Give to Federal Budget (on the Russia's Budget Dependence upon "Oil Dollars")

2004 ◽  
pp. 51-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sharipova ◽  
I. Tcherkashin
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Federal Budget ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Resource Rent ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Government

Federal tax revenues from the main sectors of the Russian economy after the 1998 crisis are examined in the article. Authors present the structure of revenues from these sectors by main taxes for 1999-2003 and prospects for 2004. Emphasis is given to an increasing dependence of budget on revenues from oil and gas industries. The share of proceeds from these sectors has reached 1/3 of total federal revenues. To explain this fact world oil prices dynamics and changes in tax legislation in Russia are considered. Empirical results show strong dependence of budget revenues on oil prices. The analysis of changes in tax legislation in oil and gas industry shows that the government has managed to redistribute resource rent in favor of the state.

The Political Economy of Power: Approaches to the Analysis of Relationships between the State and Business in Russia

2011 ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
A. Oleinik
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Retail Trade ◽  
Business Community ◽  
The Political ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Road ◽  
Ruling Elites

The article deals with the issues of political and economic power as well as their constellation on the market. The theory of public choice and the theory of public contract are confronted with an approach centered on the power triad. If structured in the power triad, interactions among states representatives, businesses with structural advantages and businesses without structural advantages allow capturing administrative rents. The political power of the ruling elites coexists with economic power of certain members of the business community. The situation in the oil and gas industry, the retail trade and the road construction and operation industry in Russia illustrates key moments in the proposed analysis.

Consideration of Geopolitical Challenges within the Analysis of Geoenvironmental Risks for Oil and Gas Development of the Russian Arctic

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
O. P. Trubitsina ◽  
V. N. Bashkin
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Oil And Gas Development ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Geopolitical Risks

The article is devoted to the consideration of geopolitical challenges for the analysis of geoenvironmental risks (GERs) in the hydrocarbon development of the Arctic territory. Geopolitical risks (GPRs), like GERs, can be transformed into opposite external environment factors of oil and gas industry facilities in the form of additional opportunities or threats, which the authors identify in detail for each type of risk. This is necessary for further development of methodological base of expert methods for GER management in the context of the implementational proposed two-stage model of the GER analysis taking to account GPR for the improvement of effectiveness making decisions to ensure optimal operation of the facility oil and gas industry and minimize the impact on the environment in the geopolitical conditions of the Arctic.The authors declare no conflict of interest

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