scholarly journals Psychopathology and cognitive deficits in young people exposed to complex trauma

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S36-S37
Author(s):  
Stephanie J Lewis ◽  
Karestan C Koenen ◽  
Antony Ambler ◽  
Louise Arseneault ◽  
Avshalom Caspi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Psychopathology

AimsComplex traumas are traumatic experiences that involve multiple interpersonal threats during childhood or adolescence, such as repeated abuse. This type of trauma is hypothesized to lead to more severe psychopathology and poorer cognitive function than other non-complex traumas, such as road traffic accidents. However, empirical testing of this hypothesis has been limited to clinical or convenience samples and cross-sectional designs. To better understand this topic, we aimed to investigate psychopathology and cognitive function in young people exposed to complex, non-complex, or no trauma from a population-representative longitudinal cohort, and to consider the role of pre-existing vulnerabilities.MethodParticipants were from the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a population-representative birth-cohort of 2,232 children born in England and Wales in 1994-95. At age 18 years (93% participation), we assessed lifetime exposure to complex and non-complex trauma. We also assessed past-year psychopathology including general psychopathology ‘p’ and several psychiatric disorders, as well as current cognitive function including IQ, executive function, and processing speed. Additionally, we prospectively assessed early childhood vulnerabilities including internalizing and externalizing symptoms at age 5, IQ at age 5, family history of mental illness, family socioeconomic status, and sex.ResultWe found that participants who had been exposed to complex trauma had more severe psychopathology and poorer cognitive function across wide-ranging measures at age 18, compared to both trauma-unexposed participants and those exposed to non-complex trauma. Early childhood vulnerabilities had an important role in these presentations, as they predicted risk of later complex trauma exposure, and largely explained associations of complex trauma with cognitive deficits, but not with psychopathology.ConclusionBy conflating complex and non-complex traumas, current research and clinical practice under-estimate the severity of psychopathology and cognitive deficits linked with complex trauma, as well as the role of pre-existing vulnerabilities. A better understanding of the mental health needs of people exposed to complex trauma and underlying mechanisms could inform the development of new effective interventions.

scholarly journals Unravelling the contribution of complex trauma to psychopathology and cognitive deficits: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Stephanie J. Lewis ◽  
Karestan C. Koenen ◽  
Antony Ambler ◽  
Louise Arseneault ◽  
Avshalom Caspi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Complex Trauma ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Externalising Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Twin Study ◽  
Severe Psychopathology

Background Complex traumas are traumatic experiences that involve multiple interpersonal threats during childhood or adolescence, such as repeated abuse. These traumas are hypothesised to cause more severe psychopathology and poorer cognitive function than other non-complex traumas. However, empirical testing has been limited to clinical/convenience samples and cross-sectional designs. Aims To investigate psychopathology and cognitive function in young people exposed to complex, non-complex or no trauma, from a population-representative longitudinal cohort, and to consider the role of pre-existing vulnerabilities. Method Participants were from the Environmental Risk Longitudinal Twin Study, a population-representative birth cohort of 2232 British children. At age 18 years (93% participation), we assessed lifetime exposure to complex and non-complex trauma, past-year psychopathology and current cognitive function. We also prospectively assessed early childhood vulnerabilities: internalising and externalising symptoms at 5 years of age, IQ at 5 years of age, family history of mental illness, family socioeconomic status and sex. Results Participants exposed to complex trauma had more severe psychopathology and poorer cognitive function at 18 years of age, compared with both trauma-unexposed participants and those exposed to non-complex trauma. Early childhood vulnerabilities predicted risk of later complex trauma exposure, and largely explained associations of complex trauma with cognitive deficits, but not with psychopathology. Conclusions By conflating complex and non-complex traumas, current research and clinical practice underestimate the severity of psychopathology, cognitive deficits and pre-existing vulnerabilities linked with complex trauma. A better understanding of the mental health needs of people exposed to complex trauma could inform the development of new, more effective interventions.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Early Childhood Caries pada Anak UsiaPrasekolah di PAUD Kenanga 17 Kelurahan Penjaringan, Kecamatan Penjaringan, Jakarta Utara

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 012-022
Author(s):  
Anita Rosa Delima ◽  
Setya Kusuma Arum
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Caries

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that can affect all levels of society. There are several factors that take part ini caries initiation. Caries risk factors in children are related to age, gender, use of bottles, tooth brushing frequency, the role of the mother, and parental education. The purpose of this studywas to find out factors related to the cause of early childhood caries experienced by preschool children at PAUD Kenanga 17 Kelurahan Penjaringan, Kecamatan Penjaringan, North Jakarta. An observational analytical methods with cross sectional approach was used in this study. Subject in this study consisted of 20 children as a total sample of the population. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires and def-t index was employed for dental examination. Data processing and statistical analysis using chi-square test were applied with a significance value of p 0.05. The results showed significant correlation between age (p value 0.001) and gander (p value 0.047) andearly childhood caries.hawever, no correlation was observed betwen the use of bottle (p value = 0.909), frequency of tooth brushing (p value 1.00), role of mother (p value 1.00), and parental education (p value = 0.798) and early childhood caries.

scholarly journals Discrimination and Distress among Afghan Refugees in Northern California: The Moderating Role of Pre- and Post-Migration Factors

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qais Alemi ◽  
Carl Stempel
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Perceived Discrimination ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Afghan Refugees ◽  
Adjustment Factors ◽  
Migration Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

This study investigates the effect of perceived discrimination on the mental health of Afghan refugees, and secondly, tests the distress moderating effects of pre-migration traumatic experiences and post-resettlement adjustment factors. In a cross-sectional design, 259 Afghans completed surveys assessing perceived discrimination and a number of other factors using scales developed through inductive techniques. Multivariate analyses consisted of a series of hierarchical regressions testing the effect of perceived discrimination on distress, followed by a sequential analysis of moderator variables. Perceived discrimination was significantly associated with higher distress, and this relationship was stronger among those with a strong intra-ethnic identity, high civic engagement, and high pre-resettlement traumatic experiences. Discrimination is a significant source of stress for Afghan refugees, which may exacerbate stresses associated with other post-migration stressors. Future research is needed to tailor interventions that can help mitigate the stress associated with discrimination among this highly vulnerable group.

scholarly journals Peran Tenaga Kesehatan dalam Perilaku Imunisasi Dasar pada Peserta Didik PAUD Kelurahan Ciampea dan Kalibata

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
Izza Suraya ◽  
Hidayati Hidayati ◽  
Rizka Ariesta Putranti ◽  
Apriyanto Apriyanto ◽  
Julia Julia
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Health Worker ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Child ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Early Childhood Students

Immunization is effective way to reduce morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases. However, there is only 59,2% early child in Indonesia is fully immunized. Health workers have an important role in that practice. Immunization status of children in Ciampea and Kalibata Early Childhood School has not known Their health worker�s role either. Therefore, this study was conducted to know the role of health worker in early childhood students in Ciampea and Kalibata Preschool. This study used a cross-sectional design. With quota as its sampling technique, there were 145 early child aged 12-59 months. multivariate. After multivariate analysis, the result of this study describes there is health worker advice is significantly associated with primary immunization with AOR 5,27 (95%CI: 1,05 � 26,32) dan p-value = 0,043. The mother who had to advise from health workers is 5,27 likely had fully immunized their children. Hence, health workers capacity should be increased to get more fully immunized early child.

Pain and major depressive disorder: Associations with cognitive impairment as measured by the THINC-integrated tool (THINC-it)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle S. Cha ◽  
Nicole E. Carmona ◽  
Rodrigo B. Mansur ◽  
Yena Lee ◽  
Hyun Jung Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Subjective Cognitive Function

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the role of pain on cognitive function in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD).MethodsAdults (18–65) with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual – Fifth Edition (DSM-5)-defined diagnosis of MDD experiencing a current major depressive episode (MDE) were enrolled (nMDD = 100). All subjects with MDD were matched in age, sex, and years of education to healthy controls (HC) (nHC = 100) for comparison. Cognitive function was assessed using the recently validated THINC-integrated tool (THINC-it), which comprises variants of the choice reaction time (i.e., THINC-it: Spotter), One-Back (i.e., THINC-it: Symbol Check), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (i.e., THINC-it: Codebreaker), Trail Making Test – Part B (i.e., THINC-it: Trails), as well as the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire for Depression – 5-item (i.e., THINC-it: PDQ-5-D). A global index of objective cognitive function was computed using objective measures from the THINC-it, while self-rated cognitive deficits were measured using the PDQ-5-D. Pain was measured using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Regression analyses evaluated the role of pain in predicting objective and subjective cognitive function.ResultsA significant between-group differences on the VAS was observed (p < 0.001), with individuals with MDD reporting higher pain severity as evidenced by higher scores on the VAS than HC. Significant interaction effects were observed between self -rated cognitive deficits and pain ratings (p < 0.001) on objective cognitive performance (after adjusting for MADRS total score), suggesting that pain moderates the association between self-rated and objective cognitive function.ConclusionsResults indicated that pain is associated with increased self-rated and objective cognitive deficits in adults with MDD.ImplicationsThe study herein provides preliminary evidence demonstrating that adults with MDD reporting pain symptomatology and poorer subjective cognitive function is predictive of poorer objective cognitive performance. THINC-it is capable of detecting cognitive dysfunction amongst adults with MDD and pain.

scholarly journals Associations of Socioeconomic Status, Parental Smoking and Parental E-Cigarette Use with 10–11-Year-Old Children’s Perceptions of Tobacco Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: Cross Sectional Analysis of the CHETS Wales 3 Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Moore ◽  
Lianna Angel ◽  
Linsay Gray ◽  
Lauren Copeland ◽  
Jordan Van Godwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Young People ◽  
Parental Smoking ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Susceptibility To Smoking ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Background: This study examines primary schoolchildren’s perceptions of e-cigarettes and tobacco cigarettes, and associations with parental smoking, vaping and socioeconomic status. Methods: Survey of 2218 10–11-year-old children in 73 schools in Wales. Results: Overall, 36% reported that a parent figure smoked compared to 21% for vaping, with parental smoking lower in affluent families (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.68 to 0.76). Overall, 1% had tried a cigarette, while 5% had tried an e-cigarette. Most said they would not smoke or vape in 2 years’ time; susceptibility to vaping (20%) was higher than smoking (12%). Exposure to and perceptions of tobacco cigarettes were more positive for children of smokers. Having a parent who vaped was associated with exposure to and positive perceptions of e-cigarettes, but not smoking. Most children perceived e-cigarettes as used by adults to stop smoking (64%). Susceptibility to smoking (OR = 0.57; 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.79) and vaping (OR = 0.78; 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.99) were lower among children who perceived e-cigarettes as cessation aids. Conclusions: Parental smoking continues to be concentrated in poorer families. This study provides no evidence that parental vaping in the absence of smoking is associated with more positive perceptions of tobacco cigarettes. Communicating to children the role of e-cigarettes as cessation devices for smokers may help to limit their appeal to young people.

scholarly journals The role of cognitive function in the relationship between age and health literacy: a cross-sectional analysis of older adults in Chicago, USA

BMJ Open ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e007222-e007222 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Kobayashi ◽  
S. G. Smith ◽  
R. O'Conor ◽  
L. M. Curtis ◽  
D. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Eating disorders with over-exercise: A cross-sectional analysis of the mediational role of problematic usage of the internet in young people

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Ioannidis ◽  
Roxanne W. Hook ◽  
Jon E. Grant ◽  
Katarzyna Czabanowska ◽  
Andres Roman-Urrestarazu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Young People ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Mediational Role ◽  
Sectional Analysis

scholarly journals The role of cognitive functioning in the outcome of those at clinical high risk for developing psychosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Addington ◽  
M. Barbato
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Over Time

Although it is well established that cognitive impairment is a common feature of schizophrenia, only recently has cognitive functioning been prospectively studied in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for developing psychosis. To date, both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have been conducted in the CHR population and in the context of later conversion to psychosis. A comprehensive review of the literature suggests that CHR individuals have general and specific baseline cognitive deficits compared to healthy controls. As a group, their cognitive course, tends to remain stable over time and in this way does not differ from healthy controls. For those who go on to develop a full-blown psychotic illness compared to those who do not convert, there appeared to be minimal differences at baseline with respect to cognition, although over time the converters may show deterioration in certain cognitive abilities compared to the non-converters. However, for many cognitive domains results are mixed, and may result from methodological limitations.

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