scholarly journals A systematic review of the prevalence of mental disorders, cognitive impairment and dementia amongst older adults populace in Egypt

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S286-S286
Author(s):  
Noha Sabry ◽  
George Tadros ◽  
Opeyemi Odejimi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Reference List

AimsThis study aims to review current evidence of the prevalence of mental disorders amongst the elderly populace in Egypt. This will be achieved by estimating the current prevalence and then identifying any sociodemographic correlates with mental disorders.BackgroundMental disorders are the leading cause of disabilities amongst the older adult populace worldwide. The population of the older adult in Egypt is fast growing. According to the Egypt, latest national census in 2014, the population of individuals aged 60 years and above is 6.9% and this is expected to nearly double by the year 2031, with a projection of 11.5% forecasted. In fact, it has been estimated that cost per person of mental health diseases such as dementia in low-income countries is approximately £686 ($868) and £2456 ($3109) in lower-middle income countries like Egypt.MethodElectronic search of five key databases (MEDLINE, PsychINFO, EMBASE, AMED and PubMed) was carried from their date of inception. In addition, reference list scanning, key journal searching, citation searching and relevant internet resources were conducted. Papers were included, if they were published in English, point prevalence studies carried out on older adults Egyptians aged 60 years and above. In addition, mental disorders, cognitive impairment or dementia had to be ascertained using any validated diagnostic tools. Studies which did not meet any of the criteria detailed above were excluded.Result16 studies were included in this review. Four main mental disorders were identified, these are: depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment and dementia. Reported prevalence of Depression, anxiety, dementia and cognitive impairment are 23.7-74.5%, 14.2-72%, 3.66-39.2%, and 1.74 to 51.4% respectively. Anxiety and depression was positively correlated with female gender, increasing age and lower educational status. Also, cognitive impairment and dementia was positively correlated with age, illiteracy or low education. However, there appears to be inconsistencies in the diagnostic tools used.ConclusionThis research brings to the forefront the scale of mental disorders amongst the elderly in Egypt. This may help ensure evidence-based initiatives are put in place and also priority is given to resource allocation for geriatric mental disorders in Egypt.

scholarly journals Mental Disorders, Cognitive Impairment and the Risk of Suicide in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kułak-Bejda ◽  
Grzegorz Bejda ◽  
Napoleon Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Older People ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The World

More than 600 million people are aged 60 years and over are living in the world. The World Health Organization estimates that this number will double by 2025 to 2 billion older people. Suicide among people over the age of 60 is one of the most acute problems. The factors strongly associated with suicide are mentioned: physical illnesses, such as cancer, neurologic disorder, pain, liver disease, genital disorders, or rheumatoid disorders. Moreover, neurologic conditions, especially stroke, may affect decision-making processes, cognitive capacity, and language deficit. In addition to dementia, the most common mental disorders are mood and anxiety disorders. A common symptom of these disorders in the elderly is cognitive impairment. This study aimed to present the relationship between cognitive impairment due to dementia, mood disorders and anxiety, and an increased risk of suicide among older people. Dementia is a disease where the risk of suicide is significant. Many studies demonstrated that older adults with dementia had an increased risk of suicide death than those without dementia. Similar conclusions apply to prodromal dementia Depression is also a disease with a high risk of suicide. Many researchers found that a higher level of depression was associated with suicide attempts and suicide ideation. Bipolar disorder is the second entity in mood disorders with an increased risk of suicide among the elderly. Apart from suicidal thoughts, bipolar disorder is characterized by high mortality. In the group of anxiety disorders, the most significant risk of suicide occurs when depression is present. In turn, suicide thoughts are more common in social phobia than in other anxiety disorders. Suicide among the elderly is a serious public health problem. There is a positive correlation between mental disorders such as dementia, depression, bipolar disorder, or anxiety and the prevalence of suicide in the elderly. Therefore, the elderly should be comprehensively provided with psychiatric and psychological support.

scholarly journals A systematic review of the prevalence of mental and neurocognitive disorders amongst older adults’ populace in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Opeyemi Odejimi ◽  
George Tadros ◽  
Noha Sabry
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Neurocognitive Disorders ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Older Adult Population

Abstract Background Mental and neurocognitive disorders are the leading cause of disabilities amongst the older adult populace worldwide. The population of the older adult in Egypt is fast growing. The national census in 2017 revealed a 2.56% increase in the older adult population from the 2006 census, and these figures are expected to double by year 2031. This study aims to review current evidence about the prevalence of mental and neurocognitive disorders amongst older adult population in Egypt. Results A systematic review was carried out, and 16 studies met the inclusion criteria outlined in this study. Four main mental and neurocognitive disorders were identified: depression, anxiety, cognitive impairment and dementia. The reported prevalence of depression, anxiety, dementia and cognitive impairment are 23.7–74.5%, 14.2–72%, 3.66–39.2% and 1.74–51.4%, respectively. Anxiety and depression were positively correlated with the female gender, increasing age and lower educational status. Also, cognitive impairment and dementia were positively correlated with age, illiteracy or low education. However, there appears to be inconsistencies in the diagnostic tools used. Conclusion Egypt aging population is growing, and this research brings to forefront the scale of mental and neurocognitive disorders amongst the older adult population. This may help ensure evidence-based initiatives are put in place and priority is given to resource allocation for geriatric mental and neurocognitive disorders in Egypt. Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018114831

scholarly journals Refining sleep measurement using the Motionwatch8©: How many days of monitoring do we need to get reliable estimates of sleep quality for older adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan S. Falck ◽  
Cindy K. Barha ◽  
Patrick C.Y. Chan ◽  
Teresa Liu-Ambrose
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Sleep Measurement ◽  
Reliability Coefficients

Abstract Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a transition stage between healthy cognition and dementia, and is linked to poorer sleep. Objective, reliable, and low-burden field methods to measure older adult sleep are also currently needed. The MotionWatch8© (MW8) wrist-worn actigraph provides estimates of sleep with 14 days of observation; however, there may be underlying differences in the reliability of sleep estimates based on MCI status. We therefore investigated the number of MW8 monitoring days required to estimate sleep in older adults with MCI and without. Methods Older adults (55+ years; N=151) wore the MW8 for ≥14 days. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment was used to categorize participants with probable MCI (scores of <26/30) and participants without MCI (≥26/30). We calculated intra-class reliability coefficients for 1-, 7-, and 14-days of wear-time, and performed Spearman-Brown predictions to determine the number of monitoring days needed for an ICC=0.80. Results Older adults with MCI were older ( p <0.01), more likely to be male ( p =0.03), and had shorter sleep duration ( p <0.01). Spearman-Brown analyses indicated that the number of monitoring days needed for an ICC=0.80 in older adults with probable MCI was 7 days for sleep duration, 4 days for fragmentation, and 4 days for efficiency; adults without MCI required 4 days for duration, 6 days for fragmentation, and 3 days for efficiency. Conclusions Our results indicate that while the reliability of MW8 estimates of sleep differs based on cognitive status, 7 days of MW8 monitoring provides reliable estimates of sleep for adults with MCI and those without.

Impact of Social Isolation on Physical Activity and Factors Associated With Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Giovana Z. Mazo ◽  
Felipe Fank ◽  
Pedro S. Franco ◽  
Bruna da Silva Vieira Capanema ◽  
Franciele da Silva Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Moderate Physical Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Impact

The objective was to analyze the impact of social isolation on moderate physical activity and factors associated with sedentary behavior of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a cross-sectional study involving 111 older adults (aged 71.0 ± 6.87 years). The data were collected at two time points: in November 2019 and in June 2020. There was a decline in moderate physical activity when the minutes/week were compared before and during social isolation (p < .001). Sedentary behavior was associated with the condition of living alone. Older adults who lived alone were 3.29 times more likely to spend 4 hr or more in sedentary behavior than those who lived with a partner (95% confidence interval [1.01, 10.74]). Government agencies must establish PA-related health promotion strategies, especially in developing and low-income countries. Therefore, home exercises need to be encouraged to prevent the consequences of this pandemic period.

Suicide risk within one year of cognitive impairment diagnosis in older adults: a nationwide retrospective cohort study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Woo Choi ◽  
Kang Soo Lee ◽  
Euna Han
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Suicide Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background This study aims to investigate suicide risk within one year of receiving a diagnosis of cognitive impairment in older adults without mental disorders. Methods This study used National Health Insurance Service-Senior Cohort data on older adults with newly diagnosed cognitive impairment including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia, other/unspecified dementia, and mild cognitive impairment from 2004 to 2012. We selected 41,195 older adults without cognitive impairment through 1:1 propensity score matching using age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and index year, with follow-up throughout 2013. We eliminated subjects with mental disorders and estimated adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) of suicide deaths within one year after diagnosis using the Cox proportional hazards models. Results We identified 49 suicide deaths during the first year after cognitive impairment diagnosis. The proportion of observed suicide deaths was the highest within one year after cognitive impairment diagnosis (48.5% of total); older adults with cognitive impairment were at a higher suicide risk than those without cognitive impairment (AHR, 1.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18–3.04). Subjects with Alzheimer’s disease and other/unspecified dementia were at greater suicide risk than those without cognitive impairment (AHR, 1.94, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.12–3.38, 1.05–3.58). Suicide risk in female and young-old adults (60–74 years) with cognitive impairment was higher than in the comparison group (AHR, 2.61, 5.13; 95% CI, 1.29–5.28, 1.48–17.82). Conclusions Older patients with cognitive impairment were at increased suicide risk within one year of diagnosis. Early intervention for suicide prevention should be provided to older adults with cognitive impairment.

Communicating with the Older Adult Cancer Patient

2021 ◽  
pp. 678-684
Author(s):  
Patricia A. Parker ◽  
Smita C. Banerjee ◽  
Beatriz Korc-Grodzicki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Multiple Morbidity ◽  
Older Adult Population

The older adult population continues to increase. Among all known risk factors for developing cancer, the most important is growing old. Thus, caring for older adults with cancer is of increasing importance. This chapter describes important considerations involved in communicating with cancer patients including sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, multiple morbidity, polypharmacy, and psychological distress. It also describes how stereotyping and ageism affect communication with older adults with cancer. Finally, the chapter discusses ways to facilitate communication with older adult cancer patients and their families and provides an example of a training program that was created specifically to enhance communication between healthcare providers and older adult cancer patients and their families.

scholarly journals Neuropsychological and Functional Impact of COVID-19 on Mild Cognitive Impairment

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 153331752096087
Author(s):  
Kalpana P. Padala ◽  
Christopher M. Parkes ◽  
Prasad R. Padala
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Physically Active

We present a case report to showcase that behavioral, cognitive, and functional decline may be associated with COVID-19 stay-home guidance among older adults with pre-existent cognitive impairment. In a functionally independent and physically active older adult with Mild Cognitive Impairment, there was worsening in depression and anxiety symptoms associated with the restrictions of COVID-19. Functional decline was also noted as assessed by Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. We discuss solutions to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 restrictions in this vulnerable population.

Association of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors with chronic non-communicable diseases and multimorbidity among the elderly in rural southwest China

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Li ◽  
Le Cai ◽  
Wen-long Cui ◽  
Xu-ming Wang ◽  
Hui-fang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background This study estimates the prevalence of five chronic non-communicable disease (NCDs) (hypertension, diabetes, CHD, COPD and stroke) and its multimorbidity, and examines the relationship between SES and lifestyle factors and multimorbidity among older adults in rural southwest China. Methods A cross-sectional survey of 4833 consenting adults aged ≥60 years was conducted in 2017. Data on the demographics, smoking, drinking, height, weight, blood pressure and fasting blood glucose were collected. Results Among the participants, the overall prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, stroke, COPD and CHD was 50.6, 10.2, 6.4, 5.4 and 5.5%, respectively, and of multimorbidity was 16.1%. Females had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes and multimorbidity of chronic NCDs, but a lower prevalence of COPD than males (P &lt; 0.05). Older adults with good household assets and access to medical services were less likely to experience multimorbidity, whereas obese and centrally obese participants, current smokers, current drinkers and those with a family history of chronic NCDs had a greater probability of multimorbidity. Conclusions The findings suggest that effective strategies for prevention and control of chronic NCDs and its multimorbidity are urgently needed, especially for low-income, elderly, ethnic minority adults with poor access to medical services.

scholarly journals Histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii: a comprehensive review of cases from 1993 to 2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Develoux ◽  
F M Amona ◽  
C Hennequin
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Bone Infection ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

Abstract Background Histoplasmosis caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. duboisii (Hcd) is a rare, but probably underestimated, endemic infection described in intertropical Africa. Therefore, the epidemiology of the infection remains unclear, and there is no consensus on therapeutic management Methods Using a comprehensive search on different internet databases, we collected case reports of Hcd infection published from 1993 to 2019. Epidemiological, clinical charts and therapeutic strategies were analyzed Results We found 94 well-documented cases of Hcd infection, and 30.1% of the patients were under 18. Symptoms occurred in some patients several decades after leaving the endemic area. Cutaneous/sub-cutaneous lesions, bone infection, and lymphadenopathies, isolated or combined, were the most frequent presentations. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection rate was at 20.8% with fever, lymphadenopathies and absence of bone infection being the differentiating elements from HIV-negative patients. The rate of disseminated forms (60.6% in our review) significantly increased as compared to studies published before 1993 but without correlation with HIV infection. The global mortality rate was at 23.4% by the end of follow-up. The outcome was not correlated with the antifungal drug prescribed nor with the HIV serologic status but with the initiation of an antifungal therapy Conclusion Hcd histoplasmosis is a severe fungal infection for which the precise mode of acquisition remains to be determined. There is a need for affordable and more specific diagnostic tools. Itraconazole and amphotericin B are the best therapeutic alternatives and should be available in all low-income countries of the endemic area

scholarly journals Atypical presentations in the hospitalised older adult testing positive for SARS-CoV-2: a retrospective observational study in Glasgow, Scotland

2020 ◽  
pp. 003693302096289
Author(s):  
Peter Davis ◽  
Rory Gibson ◽  
Emily Wright ◽  
Amy Bryan ◽  
Jamie Ingram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Older Adult ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Prognostic Features ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Introduction: Understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 manifests itself in older adults was unknown at the outset of the pandemic. We undertook a retrospective observational analysis of all patients admitted to older people’s services with confirmed COVID-19 in one of the largest hospitals in Europe. We detail presenting symptoms, prognostic features and vulnerability to nosocomial spread. Methods: We retrospectively collected data for each patient with a positive SARSCoV-2 RT PCR between 18th March and the 20th April 2020 in a department of medicine for the elderly in Glasgow. Results: 222 patients were included in our analysis. Age ranged from 56 to 99 years (mean = 82) and 148 were female (67%). 119 patients had a positive swab for SARS-CoV-2 within the first 14 days of admission, only 32% of these patients presented with primarily a respiratory type illness. 103 patients (46%) tested positive after 14 days of admission – this was felt to represent likely nosocomial infection. 95 patients (43%) died by day 30 after diagnosis. Discussion: This data indicates that older people were more likely to present with non-respiratory symptoms. High clinical frailty scores, severe lymphopenia and cumulative comorbidities were associated with higher mortality rates. Several contributing factors will have led to nosocomial transmission.

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