Delusions as “Wrong Beliefs”: A Conceptual History

1991 ◽  
Vol 159 (S14) ◽  
pp. 6-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Berrios
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Great Work ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
Common View ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Insight Into

It was a common view among 19th century historians and clinicians that the study of delusions was the study of insanity itself (Ball & Ritti, 1881). At the beginning of the 20th century, Jaspers rendered this insight into a cliche (Jaspers, 1963). The nature of the link between delusion and insanity, however, has continued to confuse scholars, particularly those writing in the English language (Ireland, 1885; Arthur, 1964; Moor & Tucker, 1979; Winters & Neale, 1983). German (Huber & Gross, 1977), French (Ey, 1950) and Spanish (Cabaleiro Goas, 1966) writers have fared better; unfortunately, much of their work remains inaccessible to English-speaking psychiatrists. This is one of the reasons why, in Anglo-Saxon psychiatry, it has been suggested that the ‘definitive‘ view on delusions started with Jaspers and the Heidelberg school (Hoenig, 1968). This suggestion is misleading (Berrios, 1991), for by 1912, when Chaslin published his great work on descriptive psychopathology, all the distinctions nowadays attributed to Jaspers had already been made. Indeed, the rare efforts made to escape from the ‘pathological belief view were ignored (Southard, 1916).

Samuel Greene

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-314
Author(s):  
Alan M. Perlman
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Short History ◽  
Transformational Theory ◽  
Linguistic Description ◽  
History Of

Summary In his studies of the structure of the English language, Samuel Green, a 19th-century grammarian and educator, made extensive use of paraphrase as a descriptive device. This paper argues that in doing so, Greene anticipated some of the methods and concepts of early transformational theory — and even some of the transformations themselves. It first presents a short history of the concept “transformation”, then discusses the transformations in four of Greene’s works. Greene’s use of transformations follows plausibly from his view of language, as is shown by excerpts from the prefaces to his books. Greene’s status as a transformationalist is then reconsidered with reference to the characteristics of transformations as inferred in the early part of this paper. Comparisons with other 19th- and early 20th-century grammarians demonstrate that Greene was unusual in his concern for underlying meaning and in his use of process in linguistic description.

Melancholia and Depression During the 19th Century: a Conceptual History

1988 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Berrios
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psychiatric Practice ◽  
Classical Antiquity ◽  
Conceptual History ◽  
The 19Th Century

The meaning of ‘melancholia’ in classical antiquity is opaque and has little in common with 20th-century psychiatric usage (Drabkin, 1955; Heiberg, 1927). At that time, melancholia and mania were not polar opposites (i.e. one was not defined as having opposite features to the other). Melancholia was defined in terms of overt behavioural features such as decreased motility, and morosity (Roccatagliata, 1973; Simon, 1978). Hence, in medical usage, ‘melancholia’ referred to a subtype of mania and named, in general, states of reduced behavioural output. These included disorders that might “exhibit depressed, agitated, hallucinatory, paranoid and even demented states … the ancient diagnosis of melancholy has no correct analogue in modern psychiatric practice …” (Siegel, 1973, p. 274).

scholarly journals Contemporary linguistics of English language

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Fahreta Fijuljanin ◽  
Samina Dazdarević ◽  
Amela Lukač-Zoranić
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Future ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

The paper examines the influence of modern linguistics and the consequences of language reflection on both English language and global philology. A comparative analysis of preferences and lacks of traditional and modern linguistics represent a common view of the progress and the needs of the language. The paper aims to highlight several recent studies of modern linguists in the field of English linguistics such as Chomsky, Sapir, Halliday and Bloomfield as the representative of English speaking grammarians. Modern linguistics, as a set of different variations, raises the question of how and why language changes over time. It possibly may represent the basis for research on contemporary linguistics as a turning point for language change in the future, as well as the impact of society on language, change and universals.

scholarly journals José Enrique Rodó: The Birth of Latin America Out of Spiritual Revolt

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-200
Author(s):  
Hans Schelkshorn
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
South American ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The South ◽  
Jose Vasconcelos ◽  
Greek Culture ◽  
Jose Enrique Rodo ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract In the second half of the 19th century positivism became the official state doctrine of many countries in southern America. Around 1900, however, the authoritarian positivistic regimes were increasingly criticized due to their cultural imitation on the Anglo-Saxon world and the atheistic ideology. In this context, José Enrique Rodó, a poet and philosopher of Uruguay, called for a critical and creative re-adoption of the “Latin” roots of southern America, specifically Greek culture and early Christianity. In his essay “Ariel” (1900), Rodó sparked a spiritual revolt that especially affected the youth of the whole continent. In contrast to Nietzsche but on the basis of secular reason, Rodó defended a religion of love, which inspired important philosophies in the 20th century, from José Vasconcelos and Antonio Caso to the theologies and philosophies of liberation. Thus, “Latin America” as a self-designation of the South American peoples was essentially inaugurated through the spiritual revolt initiated by José Enrique Rodó.

scholarly journals Some Thoughts on Biography and the Historiography of the Twentieth-Century Arab World1

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-20
Author(s):  
Laila Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
North American ◽  
English Language ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
English Speaking World

The number of English-language biographies of Arab subjects is tiny compared to the number of English-language biographies of North American and European subjects. I argue that this discrepancy is due to three main factors: the preponderance of historians of Europe and North America in history departments in the English-speaking world; the limited crossover market for serious biographies of Arab subjects; and difficulties arising from access to, and the style of, the Arabic sources. A fragment from the life-story of Fawzi al-Qawuqji, an early-20th-century Arab nationalist and soldier, is introduced as a way of pointing to the challenges of using Arabic memoirs to craft a biographical narrative in English.

Cataloguing the First Histories of the English Language Written from the Late 16th to the End of the 18th Century

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-132
Author(s):  
Alicia Rodríguez-Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Insight Into

Summary Most studies on the first histories of the English language go as far back as the 19th century, and dismiss earlier historical accounts of the language. However, 17th- and 18th-century short histories of the English language provide valuable insight into information layout, periodisation criteria, ideological tenets and other material which have left an imprint on the formation of the discipline called History of the English Language. This paper attempts to remedy this lack of attention by providing a catalogue of the first historical accounts of the English language (16th–18th century) with useful bibliographic details which will help future researchers of early accounts of the English language to locate them. The catalogue is accompanied by a description of these accounts which reveals a common pattern regarding contents and organisation.

The Moral and the Physical Order: A Reappraisal of James Frederick Ferrier

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Mayo
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Current Interest ◽  
Inaugural Lecture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University ◽  
Philosophical Writings ◽  
Physical Order ◽  
Insight Into

Bernard Mayo, who died in 2000, was Professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of St Andrews from 1967–1983. He chose his 19th century predecessor J F Ferrier as the subject of his inaugural lecture delivered on 26th November 1969. Copies of the lecture were printed and distributed, but it was never published. Mayo's choice of subject for his inaugural shows remarkable and at the time highly unusual insight into the value Ferrier's philosophical writings, and rising current interest in Ferrier warrants its publication now, in a lightly edited version that has eliminated references to the specific occasion on which it was delivered. Mayo explores Ferrier's version of the contrast between the human and the natural as a means of illuminating the 20th century debate between realists and relativists in moral philosophy.

scholarly journals Devices of comic in the work of the 20th century English-speaking Ugandan poets

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-144
Author(s):  
Natal'ya S. Frolova
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Language Poetry ◽  
East African ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Made In

Poetry of the Ugandans are analysed in an article in the context of the use of devices of comic in the East African English-language poetry. The critical-realistic and enlightener tendencies that were eagerly apprehended by most East African authors in the 1960s have not allowed them going beyond the direct criticism of damning poetry to this day as well, although point-by-point attempts to use humour and satire when contemplating socio-political issues, do occur throughout the sixty-year existence of East Africa English-language poetry. The dilogy by Okot p’Bitek, Timothy Wangusa and Taban Lo Liyong are clear examples of such attempts made in Uganda literature. At the same time, the three authors use fundamentally different techniques of comic, when portraying modern reality, both purely African and universal human.

scholarly journals Translating Part of France's Legal Heritage: Aubry and Rau on the Patrimoine

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Kasirer
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Rite Of Passage ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Canonical Status

Reading the pages of the 19th century legal treatise written by Charles Aubry (1803-1882) and Frédéric-Charles Rau (1803-1877) on the patrimony has been, for generations, a rite of passage in French legal education. The theory of the patrimony has aptly been described as fundamental for French private law and the account given by Aubry and Rau, however distant it may be from the law in force, should be read by anyone who seeks to understand the French legal mind. Drawing on the English-language civilian vocabulary that is part of Quebec legal culture, the author offers a translation of this text by Aubry and Rau with some commentary on its canonical status in French legal letters. Even in its translated form, it offers a means for the English-speaking reader to encounter a tradition of abstract rationality in legal scholarship that is part of France's legal "heritage" (itself a French patrimoine but in another sense).

THE SHORT STORY GENRE IN THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE WORKS OF WESTERN LITERARY SCHOLARS OF THE 20TH —21ST CENTURIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-117
Author(s):  
Mariia Shuvalova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
English Language ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Literary Forms ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Literary Theories ◽  
Academic Courses ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
English Speaking

The paper is focused on the perception of the short story genre in the western literary theory of the 20th —21st centuries. At the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, the term 'short story' was a neologism, and its appearance indicated the rethinking of established literary forms. This process led to the development of new literary theories. The works of Brander Matthews (“The Philosophy of the Short Story”, 1901) and Frank O’Connor (“The Lonely Voice”, 1962), prominent writers and literary scholars of the 20th century, established academic short story studies in the English-speaking countries. Charles E. May, Susan Lohafer, Mary Rohrberger, Austin Wright, Ian Reid, Clare Hanson, Florence Goyet, Hanna Meretoja, whose major publications are also within the scope of the paper, provided further investigation of numerous issues of the short story genre and other types of short fiction. The works of the mentioned scholars are widely known and serve as a basis for academic courses and as an introduction to the short story theory. Nevertheless, they are rarely considered as one of the possible theoretical perspectives in the relevant Ukrainian research works on a short story, and it gives a reason for a closer look at them. Due to rising attention to the short literary forms, involving different theoretical frames might be beneficial to the development of the discourse. The paper describes the key issues of modern discussions concerning the distinctive features of the short story, its scope, definitions, establishment as an independent genre, and meaning in axiological and ontological contexts. The issue is explored by comparing different theoretical experiences with the use of comparative and discursive analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document