A Citation Analysis of Who's Who in Introductory Textbooks

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Griggs ◽  
Derrick L. Proctor
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Citation Analysis ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Scientific Psychology ◽  
Course Content ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Introductory Textbooks ◽  
The Many

Given the many changes in the introductory psychology textbook market in the past 2 decades and the lack of a recent citation study of introductory texts, we conducted a citation analysis of a stratified random sample of current texts. To provide a more comprehensive picture of current citation emphases, we extended our analysis to the top 60 authors. As expected, historically prominent psychologists dominated the top 15, with Freud cited most often. We also found that the citation patterns reflected recent changes in the prominence of various schools of scientific psychology with cognitive psychology well represented. We discuss the role of these data in students' perceptions of psychology and in helping introductory teachers to make course content choices.

On Future Directions in Pathology

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 274-277
Author(s):  
Benjamin F. Trump ◽  
Irene K. Berezesky ◽  
Raymond T. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Clinical Pathology ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnostic Pathology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
The Many

The role of electron microscopy and associated techniques is assured in diagnostic pathology. At the present time, most of the progress has been made on tissues examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and correlated with light microscopy (LM) and by cytochemistry using both plastic and paraffin-embedded materials. As mentioned elsewhere in this symposium, this has revolutionized many fields of pathology including diagnostic, anatomic and clinical pathology. It began with the kidney; however, it has now been extended to most other organ systems and to tumor diagnosis in general. The results of the past few years tend to indicate the future directions and needs of this expanding field. Now, in addition to routine EM, pathologists have access to the many newly developed methods and instruments mentioned below which should aid considerably not only in diagnostic pathology but in investigative pathology as well.

On the Laws and Theories of Sliding Friction

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nannaji Saka
Keyword(s):  
Sliding Friction ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Patterned Surfaces ◽  
Wear Particles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Delamination Wear ◽  
The Many ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Lubricated Sliding

The many seminal contributions made by Professor Nam P. Suh to the theories of wear, such as the delamination wear and the solution wear, are well known. The contributions made by him and his associates to the theories of friction, however, are less known; but they are equally significant. In this article, I first briefly survey, to provide an historical context, the laws and theories of sliding friction as proposed over the past centuries and decades. Then the contributions of Prof. Suh and his associates in recent decades are reviewed. Specifically, the role of wear particles in the frictional phenomena of dry and boundary-lubricated sliding is examined. A novel concept of undulating, or patterned, surfaces has been advanced to minimize friction in both dry and boundary-lubricated sliding. The undulating surfaces trap wear debris and thus minimize plowing friction in dry sliding, above the transition temperature in boundary-lubricated sliding, and even in hydrodynamic bearings during start/stop operations. The concept is especially appropriate for heavily loaded tribological systems with tighter clearances in which the likelihood of seizure is imminent.

scholarly journals The Past and its Possibilities in Nahḍa Scholarship

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 265-287
Author(s):  
Feras Krimsti ◽  
John-Paul Ghobrial
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
The Many ◽  
Historical Reflection ◽  
Shed Light

Abstract This introduction to the special issue “The Past and its Possibilities in Nahḍa Scholarship” reflects on the role of the past in nineteenth- and early twentieth-century nahḍa discourse. It argues that historical reflection played a pivotal role in a number of scholarly disciplines besides the discipline of history, notably philosophy and logic, grammar and lexicography, linguistics, philology, and adab. Nahḍawīs reflected on continuities with the past, the genealogies of their present, and the role of history in determining their future. The introduction of print gave new impulses to the engagement with the historical heritage. We argue for a history of the nahḍa as a de-centred history of possibilities that recovers a wider circle of scholars and intellectuals and their multiple and overlapping local and global audiences. Such a history can also shed light on the many ways in which historical reflection, record-keeping practices, and confessional, sectarian, or communalist agendas are entwined.

scholarly journals Political motivation: A referent evaluation mathematical model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-23
Author(s):  
Francesco Rigoli
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Political Psychology ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Communist Manifesto ◽  
The Past ◽  
Incentive Value ◽  
Political Motivation

Mathematical modelling is popular in cognitive psychology because it enables clear and formal descriptions of the processes at play; yet, this approach has rarely been applied to political psychology. Here we adopt mathematical modelling to develop a theory of political motivation, which is a central concept in political psychology. The theory assumes that, in certain contexts, individuals entertain a set of representations of society, for example of the past, present and future (but also of fictive societies such as utopias). To each representation of society, an incentive value is attached which is not absolute, but (following theories of motivation in cognitive psychology) reference-dependent; namely, dependent on the context, corresponding to the whole set of representations of society. In turn, the model proposes that these subjective values determine two central aspects: a motivation for performing an appropriate political action and the ensuing political mood. We discuss the model with respect to theoretical and empirical research (and we examine Marx and Engel’s communist manifesto as an example of the latter). In short, we offer a new mathematical perspective on political motivation which emphasises the role of multiple representations of society in determining political motivation and the ensuing political mood.

RELIGIOUS CHARITY IN THE RUSSIAN STATE: RETRO-ASSESSMENTS OF THE EMPIRICAL PAST

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
A.V. ISAEV ◽  
◽  
V.A. MATVIENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Past ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
The Needy

The aim of the scientific monitoring undertaken within the framework of this article is to present the most comprehensive picture of the interaction between the state organs and traditional religious confessions in implementation of social assistance by them to the needy layers of the population. A retrospective of the established realities of the social sphere existed in the past allowed the authors of this work to trace their influence on the essential characteristics and forms of religious organizations' charity activi-ties in the space of provincial regions of Russia in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries. The conduct-ed reconnaissance of the planned range of issues made it possible to state the facts of an exclusive empyria exist-ence for every traditional Russian religious confession, as well as a certain dependence of the religious charity on the character of public relations, on the role of the state in the social sphere, and the connection with spirituality genesis.

scholarly journals Commercial Counterhistory: Remapping the Movement inLee Daniels’ The Butler

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 418-446
Author(s):  
LEIGH ANNE DUCK
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Political History ◽  
Visual Media ◽  
The Past ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Iconic Images ◽  
The Many

Lee Daniels’ The Butler(2013) might seem an unlikely candidate for intervening in Hollywood's civil rights genre, given both its nationalistic ending and its recuperation of iconic styles and images. This paper argues, however, that the film's pastiche interrogates past cinematic tropes for race and space; in this sense, it provescounterhistorical, a term indicating not a lack of accuracy but a commitment to illuminating the role of visual media in shaping contemporary understandings of history and to encouraging fresh perspectives on the past. Examining the many forms of constraint produced by iconic images of black and gendered personhood, the film also takes on the spatial icon with which many of these figures are associated – the southern plantation. Both exposing and challenging the ways in which spectacular accounts of southern racism occlude the geographic and political reach of African American movements against oppression, the film inconsistently insists on the importance of thinking across conventional demarcations of space and time. At these moments, it suggests possibilities for how even commercial cinema might contribute to new conceptions of black political history and possibility.

scholarly journals Oude waarheden - Over de terugkeer van de klassieke oudheid in de verlichtingshistoriografie

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-246
Author(s):  
Wyger R.E. Velema
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Many

Since the publication of Peter Gay’s The Enlightenment: An Interpretation, scholarly interest in the classical presence in Enlightenment culture has waned. Over the past decade, however, this topic has returned to center stage. This review article discusses the ways in which recent research has contributed to the rediscovery of the classical past in the Enlightenment. It starts with an evaluation of the current reinterpretation of the Querelle des anciens et des modernes, continues with an overview of recent scholarship on the various intellectual and institutional environments in which knowledge of the classical past was acquired and transmitted, and ends with a discussion of the crucial role of the ancient world in eighteenth-century historiography and political thought. In its conclusion the article draws attention to the many ways in which recent scholarship on the eighteenth-century reception of the classics has broken new ground. It also argues that the ‘classical turn in Enlightenment studies’ is still unjustifiably neglected in general interpretations of the Enlightenment.

scholarly journals Historical Roles of Selenium and Selenoproteins in Health and Development: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Petra A. Tsuji ◽  
Didac Santesmasses ◽  
Byeong J. Lee ◽  
Vadim N. Gladyshev ◽  
Dolph L. Hatfield
Keyword(s):  
Essential Element ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Mammalian Development ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Aids Progression ◽  
Health And Development ◽  
The Many

Selenium is a fascinating element that has a long history, most of which documents it as a deleterious element to health. In more recent years, selenium has been found to be an essential element in the diet of humans, all other mammals, and many other life forms. It has many health benefits that include, for example, roles in preventing heart disease and certain forms of cancer, slowing AIDS progression in HIV patients, supporting male reproduction, inhibiting viral expression, and boosting the immune system, and it also plays essential roles in mammalian development. Elucidating the molecular biology of selenium over the past 40 years generated an entirely new field of science which encompassed the many novel features of selenium. These features were (1) how this element makes its way into protein as the 21st amino acid in the genetic code, selenocysteine (Sec); (2) the vast amount of machinery dedicated to synthesizing Sec uniquely on its tRNA; (3) the incorporation of Sec into protein; and (4) the roles of the resulting Sec-containing proteins (selenoproteins) in health and development. One of the research areas receiving the most attention regarding selenium in health has been its role in cancer prevention, but further research has also exposed the role of this element as a facilitator of various maladies, including cancer.

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine hesitancy: Role of the allergist/immunologist in promotion of vaccine acceptance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Bellanti
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Present Report ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Many ◽  
Do So

Background: Vaccine hesitancy has been defined as a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines, despite the availability ofvaccine services. In the past, despite an impressive record of vaccine effectiveness in the United States, several factors havecontributed to a decreased acceptance of vaccines that has resulted in outbreaks of infectious diseases, e.g., measles. More recently, vaccine hesitancy has spread to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. There are many causes of vaccine hesitancy, such as misinformation, fallacies, and myths, that have contributed to vaccine hesitancy.Objective: The purpose of the present report is to address the many causes of vaccine hesitancy and to suggest ways that the allergist/immunologist can be involved in the promotion of vaccine acceptance.Methods: The current COVID-19 vaccines were reviewed, together with their mechanisms(s) of action and adverse reactions to them.Results: The many causes of vaccine hesitancy include many doubts and concerns related to COVID-19 vaccines as well asa diminished level of confidence and trust by segments of the public in the nation's leaders in government, medical, and business communities, that those groups once enjoyed.Conclusion: Vaccination with COVID-19 vaccines is the only way that COVID-19 will be eliminated or at least controlled today, and vaccine hesitancy is the potential nemesis. The present report describes how the allergist/immunologist not only plays a major role in the delivery of specialized therapy of COVID-19 but also in educating the public with regard to the importance of COVID-19 vaccines, in dispelling misinformation, and in promoting trust for vaccine acceptance but must be informed with the most accurate and current information to do so.

scholarly journals The Future Role of Data Centres in Astronomy

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 287-288
Author(s):  
G. A. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Passive Mode ◽  
Active Mode ◽  
Data Centre ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modern Computer ◽  
Mode Of Operation ◽  
The Many ◽  
Data Centres

There are two main modes of data-centre operation – the passive and the active. In the passive mode the data are received, catalogued and stored, and some are later copied and distributed in response to specific requests. In the past the passive mode has been represented by the many printed volumes of observational data in astronomical libraries, but the techniques of data acquisition are now such that it is often no longer practicable, even if it were desirable, to print the very large amounts of observational data that are now produced by modern instruments. In the active mode of data-centre operation the centre collects data that it considers to be useful, then evaluates, combines and analyses them, and finally publishes the results of this work. In the past the active mode has been common in astronomy, and the general catalogues of stellar data are examples of this mode of operation, but each one has required many years of effort. Modern computer systems can, however, store large amounts of data and can display, manipulate and copy them very quickly; it is now possible to combine data of many different kinds and to analyse them together, with the prospect of giving new knowledge about the systems being studied.

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