scholarly journals Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Induces Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP)-I and Procalcitonin (Pro-CT) Production in Human Adipocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. E297-E303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Timper ◽  
Jean Grisouard ◽  
Tanja Radimerski ◽  
Kaethi Dembinski ◽  
Ralph Peterli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Human Adipocytes ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Fat Meal

abstract Context: Increased plasma levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), calcitonin CT gene-related peptide (CGRP)-I, and procalcitonin (Pro-CT) are associated with obesity. Adipocytes express functional GIP receptors and the CT peptides Pro-CT and CGRP-I. However, a link between GIP and CT peptides has not been studied yet. Objective: The objective of the study was the assessment of the GIP effect on the expression and secretion of CGRP-I and Pro-CT in human adipocytes, CGRP-I and CT gene expression in adipose tissue (AT) from obese vs. lean subjects, and plasma levels of CGRP-I and Pro-CT after a high-fat meal in obese patients. Design and Participants: Human preadipocyte-derived adipocytes, differentiated in vitro, were treated with GIP. mRNA expression and protein secretion of CGRP-I and Pro-CT were measured. Human CGRP-I and CT mRNA expression in AT and CGRP-I and Pro-CT plasma concentrations were assessed. Results: Treatment with 1 nm GIP induced CGRP-I mRNA expression 6.9 ± 1.0-fold (P < 0.001 vs. control) after 2 h and CT gene expression 14.0 ± 1.7-fold (P < 0.001 vs. control) after 6 h. GIP stimulated CGRP-I secretion 1.7 ± 0.2-fold (P < 0.05 vs. control) after 1 h. In AT samples of obese subjects, CGRP-I mRNA expression was higher in sc AT (P < 0.05 vs. lean subjects), whereas CT expression was higher in visceral AT (P < 0.05 vs. lean subjects). CGRP-I plasma levels increased after a high-fat meal in obese patients. Conclusion: GIP induces CGRP-I and CT expression in human adipocytes. Therefore, elevated Pro-CT and CGRP-I levels in obesity might result from GIP-induced Pro-CT and CGRP-I release in AT and might be triggered by a high-fat diet. How these findings relate to the metabolic complications of obesity warrants further investigations.

scholarly journals Circulating and Adipose Tissue Gene Expression of Zinc-α2-Glycoprotein in Obesity: Its Relationship with Adipokine and Lipolytic Gene Markers in Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat

2009 ◽  
Vol 94 (12) ◽  
pp. 5062-5069 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ceperuelo-Mallafré ◽  
S. Näf ◽  
X. Escoté ◽  
E. Caubet ◽  
J. M. Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Gene Markers

Context: Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a soluble protein similar to the class I major histocompatibility complex heavy chain, which has been implicated in lipid catabolism. We hypothesized that ZAG mRNA expression in adipose tissue may be linked with lipolytic and adipokine gene expression and have a close relationship with clinical phenotype. Objectives: The objective of the study was to analyze ZAG gene expression in human adipose tissue from lean and obese subjects. ZAG circulating plasma levels and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors were also studied. Design: Seventy-three Caucasian (43 male and 30 female) subjects were included. Plasma and adipose tissue [sc (SAT) and visceral (VAT)] from the same patient were studied. mRNA of PPARγ, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), adipose triglyceride lipase, adiponectin, omentin, visfatin, and ZAG were quantified. Plasma concentrations of ZAG were determined with ELISA. Results: ZAG plasma levels showed a negative correlation with insulin (r = −0.39; P = 0.008) and the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (r = −0.36; P = 0.016). No differences in ZAG circulating levels according to body mass index classification were observed. ZAG expression in SAT was significantly reduced in overweight and obese individuals compared with lean subjects (P < 0.001 and P = 0.007, respectively). ZAG mRNA expression in both SAT and VAT depots were negatively correlated with many clinical and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors. After multiple linear regression analysis, SAT ZAG was mainly predicted by adiponectin mRNA expression (B = 0.993; P < 0.0001) and plasma triglyceride levels (B = −0.565; P = 0.006). VAT ZAG expression was predicted by adiponectin expression (B = 0.449; P < 0.0001), and HSL VAT expression (B = 0.180; P = 0.023). Conclusions: The present study provides evidence of a role of ZAG gene in adipose tissue metabolism, with a close association with adiponectin gene expression in sc and visceral fat.

scholarly journals Effect of apple food matrix on plasma flavan-3-ols distribution and nutrigenomic profile in response to a nutritional challenge in minipigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent-Emmanuel Monfoulet ◽  
Caroline Buffiere ◽  
Geoffrey Istas ◽  
Claire Dufour ◽  
Carine le Bourvelec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Food Matrix ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Apple Puree ◽  
Fat Meal ◽  
Apple Purée

AbstractFood matrix is known to interact with some dietary constituents and microconstituents during digestion. These interactions may potentially affect the metabolism and bioavailability of some compounds, and as a consequence modulate their biological effects. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of apple food matrix on the bioavailability of flavan-3-ols and on the ability of these compounds to modulate the nutrigenomic response to a high fat challenge in minipigs.Adult male Yucatan minipigs (n = 5) were assigned to a random treatment sequence of high-fat meals non supplemented or supplemented with 250 g of raw apple, 250 g of apple puree or 1.4 g of apple polyphenols extract, with a 7-days washout period between each treatment. Each supplementation provided 155 mg flavan-3-ol monomers. At each treatment period, fasting- and 1h-, 2h-, 3h-postprandial blood samples were collected, and the concentration in flavan-3-ol monomers was measured on hydrolyzed serum, using UPLC-Q-TOF MS. The ability of apple-derived products to modulate the postprandial gene expression profile was assessed and compared in circulating PBMCs collected at 3 h after consumption of the four tested meals using a microarray analysis.Results show that the apple matrix did not affect the kinetic of the postprandial absorption of flavan-3-ol monomers. The total flavan-3-ols concentrations measured at peak were significantly higher in the extract (x1.75), suggesting an impact of the apple matrix on flavan-3-ols absorption. However, no significant difference in total flavanols was observed between raw apple and apple puree.Principal Component Analysis of the microarray data from PBMCs identified three distinct clusters of gene expression patterns: one corresponding to gene expression profiles after the high-fat meal, one for meal supplemented with raw apples or apple puree, and a third cluster for meal supplemented with polyphenol extract. A set of 309 genes was identified as differentially expressed by apple-derived products compared to high-fat meal alone, including 93 modulated with the three apple products. The variations in gene expression were similar for only 75% of the 93 genes, suggesting that the apple matrix affects the nutrigenomic response to flavan-3-ols. A bioinformatics analysis revealed that genes affected by apple-derived products are involved in inflammation and leukocyte transendothelial migration, suggesting a beneficial impact of apple-derived products.In conclusion, these results raise awareness for considering the impact of food matrix on the biological responsiveness of polyphenols in future nutritional studies.

scholarly journals Ghrelin Increases Neuropeptide Y and Agouti-Related Peptide Gene Expression in the Arcuate Nucleus in Rat Hypothalamic Organotypic Cultures

Endocrinology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 147 (11) ◽  
pp. 5102-5109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motomitsu Goto ◽  
Hiroshi Arima ◽  
Minemori Watanabe ◽  
Masayuki Hayashi ◽  
Ryouichi Banno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Arcuate Nucleus ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Organotypic Cultures ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
De Novo Protein Synthesis

Ghrelin, which was identified from the rat stomach, is a potent stimulant for food intake. Several lines of evidence suggest that the orexigenic action of ghrelin is mediated via the neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons in the arcuate nucleus, although the detailed mechanisms by which ghrelin stimulates NPY neurons are not clear. In this study, we examined the gene regulation of NPY and agouti-related peptide (AGRP), another orexigenic peptide synthesized in the NPY neurons, in the arcuate nucleus by ghrelin in hypothalamic organotypic cultures. Incubation of the hypothalamic explants with ghrelin significantly increased NPY and AGRP mRNA expression in the presence, but not absence, of dexamethasone. Glucocorticoids were also necessary for ghrelin action in vivo because an intracerebroventricular injection of ghrelin significantly increased NPY and AGRP mRNA expression in the arcuate nucleus only in sham-operated, but not in adrenalectomized rats. The stimulatory effects of ghrelin on gene expression were not blocked by a sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin in the organotypic cultures. Ghrelin also increased NPY heteronuclear (hn) RNA expression, the first transcript that has been used as an indicator for gene transcription. The stimulatory effects of ghrelin on NPY gene expression were abolished in the presence of cycloheximide, which blocks translation, suggesting that de novo protein synthesis is required for ghrelin action. These data suggest that ghrelin stimulates NPY and AGRP gene expression independently of action potentials only in the presence of glucocorticoids. Furthermore, our data demonstrate stimulatory action of ghrelin on NPY gene transcription, which requires de novo protein synthesis.

scholarly journals Paternal High Fat Diet and Exercise Regulate Sperm miRNA to Alter Placental Inflammation and Nutrient Transporter Expression in a Sex-Dependent Manner

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1024-1024
Author(s):  
Kate Larson ◽  
Amy Bundy ◽  
James Roemmich
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mirna Expression ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
Nutrient Transporter

Abstract Objectives We have shown that male offspring (F1) of fathers (F0) fed a high fat (HF) diet and exercised had greater skeletal muscle insulin signaling and reduced T2DM risk compared to fathers fed HF diet and remain sedentary. The current study extends this work by hypothesizing that F0 HF diet and exercise regulate F1 T2DM risk by early alterations in epigenetics of placental tissue growth via changes in sperm miRNA expression. Methods To test these hypotheses, three-week old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal-fat (NF) diet (16% fat) or a HF diet (45% fat) and assigned to either voluntary wheel running exercise or cage activity for 3 months prior to mating with NF diet fed dams. F0 sperm and placental tissue samples were collected to determine changes in placental and fetal weights, placental gene expression, and F0 sperm miRNA expression. Results F0 sperm miRNA 193b expression was decreased while miRNA 204 was increased by paternal exercise. Protein expression of di-methylated histone 3 lysine 9 was decreased with F0 HF diet. Placental and fetal tissue weights were decreased by F0 HF diet in F1 males while no changes in the F1 females. Placental proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression, including IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha, was reduced by paternal exercise while nutrient transporter mRNA expression was decreased by paternal HF diet only in the placentae of F1 females. Treatment of primary placental cell with miRNA 193 inhibited TNF-alpha mRNA expression. In addition, treatment of the same cells with TNF-alpha increased SLC6a19. Moreover, paternal exercise increased body weight at weaning in a female offspring. Conclusions These results demonstrate that placental tissue weight, placental nutrient transporter gene expression and fetal weights are altered by paternal exercise while placental inflammatory gene expression are influenced by paternal exercise in offspring in a sex-specific manner. Funding Sources This work was supported by USDA ARS Project #3062–51,000-054–00D.

Dasatinib Can Be Administered Orally with or without a Meal.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 4569-4569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kaul ◽  
Chiyuan Wu ◽  
Shelley Mayfield ◽  
James Manning ◽  
Anne Blackwood-Chirchir
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Method ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Fasted State ◽  
Tandem Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Fat Meal

Abstract Background: Food can change the bioavailability of a drug, which can have clinically significant consequences. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of food on the oral bioavailability of dasatinib (SPRYCEL®) in healthy adult subjects. Methods: Fifty-four healthy adult subjects received a single dose of dasatinib 100 mg dose, as 2 x 50 mg film-coated tablets after an overnight fast and within 10 minutes after the ingestion of a low-fat meal (315 kcal [20% fat, 68% carbohydrates, and 12% protein]) and a high-fat meal (985 kcal [52% fat, 34% carbohydrates, and 14% protein]) in a randomly assigned sequence. Individual treatments were separated by at least a 7-day washout period. Serial blood samples were collected for 24 hours after each treatment to determine dasatinib plasma concentrations using a validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric method. Dasatinib pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were determined using a non-compartmental method. Safety was monitored throughout the study. Results: Of the 54 healthy adult subjects (85% male, 61% Caucasian, mean age 32 y, and weight 80 kg), 48 completed the study. There were no serious adverse events. Adverse events and laboratory abnormalities were, in general, typical of those seen with dasatinib administration. PK results are summarized in the table below. Conclusions: Compared to the fasted state, a low-fat meal decreased Cmax and AUC of dasatinib by 21%; a high-fat meal decreased Cmax by 24% and increased AUC by 14%. These results are not expected to be of clinical relevance and, therefore, dasatinib may be taken without regard to meals. The drug was generally safe and well-tolerated when administered in the fed or fasted state. Statistical Analysis of PK Parameters for Dasatinib Treatment PK Parameter Geometric Mean Ratios (95% Confidence Intervals) Fed versus Fasted Low-Fat Meal Cmax 1.216 (1.047, 1.413) AUC 1.212 (1.100, 1.336) High-Fat Meal Cmax 0.758 (0.651, 0.882) AUC 1.140 (1.034, 1.257)

Evidence for an abnormal postprandial response to a high-fat meal in women predisposed to obesity

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (4) ◽  
pp. E549-E559 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Raben ◽  
H. B. Andersen ◽  
N. J. Christensen ◽  
J. Madsen ◽  
J. J. Holst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue Lipoprotein Lipase ◽  
History Of Obesity ◽  
Fat Meal

The present study was undertaken to investigate fat metabolism after a high-fat meal [50 energy percent (E%) fat] in formerly obese subjects with a familial history of obesity. Twelve normal-weight postobese women (PO) and 12 closely matched controls were given the test meal after a 2-day carbohydrate-rich weight-maintenance diet (58 E% carbohydrate). Whereas the thermic effect of the meals was similar in the two groups, postprandial fat oxidation was 2.5 times more suppressed in PO compared with controls (P < 0.05). A similarly enhanced suppression of arterialized plasma concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids was seen postprandially in PO (P < 0.05), possibly due to a more marked suppression of epinephrine and a reduced glucagon response in PO than in controls. Moreover, the postprandial plasma triglyceride response was attenuated and only amounted to 43% of that in controls (P < 0.05). This may be explained by a more pronounced increase in gastric inhibitory polypeptide in PO, giving rise to a higher adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity. No other differences were found in plasma substrates and hormones or in subjective appetite scores. In conclusion, a metabolic and hormonal pattern favoring lipid storage was observed in postobese subjects after a high-fat meal.

scholarly journals The chemerin production changes in obese patients with different carbohydrate metabolism state

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Vasilenko ◽  
E.V. Kirienkova ◽  
D.A. Skuratovskaya ◽  
P.A. Zatolokin ◽  
N.I. Mironyuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Tissue Specific

Chemerin is a mediator of adipose tissue involved in the regulation of many processes, including lipogenesis, and inflammatory response. The role of chemerin in the development of insulin resistance has been insufficiently studied and needs detailed understanding. The aim of the study was to investigate chemerin production in obese patients with different states of carbohydrate metabolism. The study included 155 patients with a diagnosis of obesity; 34 patients with overweight. The control group 1 consisted of 43 conditionally healthy donors who did not have obesity. For comparison of the results of a study to determine the levels of tissue-specific mRNA expression of the genes IL-6, TNF-a, RARRES2, (encoding IL-6, TNF-a and chemerin) in adipose tissue introduced a control group 2 – 30 patients without obesity. Study on the relative level of mRNA expression of the genes IL-6, TNF-a and RARRES2 (encoding IL-6, TNF-a and chemerin) was carried out using real time PCR. Concentrations of IL-6, TNF-a, and chemerin were measured in serum/plasma using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found significant differences in the plasma level of chemerin and tissue-specific features of RARRES2 gene expression in obese patients, depending on the degree of obesity and the state of carbohydrate metabolism. Multidirectional associations of RARRES2 gene expression with TNF-a and IL-6 genes in adipose tissues of different localization are shown: in obese patients (BMI £40 kg/m2) without type 2 diabetes – negative, and type 2 diabetes – positive. Identified relationship chemerin plasma content and the expression level of its gene in biopsies with various parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, proinflammatory molecules indicate chemerin involved in metabolic and immune processes in obesity.

scholarly journals Gene Expression in Livers of BALB/C and C57BL/6J Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satomi Nishikawa ◽  
Jiro Sugimoto ◽  
Miyoko Okada ◽  
Tetsuya Sakairi ◽  
Shiro Takagi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Acid Uptake ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Accumulation ◽  
The One

We previously demonstrated that high-fat diet (HFD)–induced hepatic lipid accumulation is more severe in BALB/c mice than in C57BL/6J (B6) mice. To understand the changes in liver metabolism, we studied blood chemistry, gene expression, and histopathological changes of the liver in nine-week HFD-fed BALB/c and B6 mice and one- or four-week HFD-fed BALB/c mice. Serum total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly increased in all HFD-fed groups, and one- and four-week HFD-fed BALB/c groups, respectively. Histopathology revealed that vacuolation of hepatocytes was severe in nine-week HFD-fed BALB/c mice, although it was less severe in the other groups. Microarray analysis of mRNA expression of nine-week HFD-fed BALB/c mice showed up-regulation of genes involved in fatty acid uptake and biosynthesis, such as Cd36, Acaca, Acly, and Fasn. Some changes were observed in the one- and four-week HFD-fed BALB/c groups and the nine-week HFD-fed B6 group, however these changes in mRNA expression were not so marked. In conclusion, the fatty accumulation observed in BALB/c mice may be caused, at least in part, by up-regulation of fatty acid uptake and biosynthesis. Cd36, Acaca, Acly and Fasn may be involved in these metabolic processes.

scholarly journals Diurnal trends in responses of blood plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide following high- and low-fat meals and their relation to fat metabolism in healthy middle-aged volunteers

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Frape ◽  
Norman R. Williams ◽  
A. J. Scriven ◽  
Christopher R. Palmer ◽  
Kathryn O'Sullivan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Latin Squares ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Fat Meal

An experiment was conducted in twelve healthy middle-aged volunteers, six of each sex, with a mean BMI of 27kg/m2 to detect differences between morning and afternoon in postprandial blood glucose, insulin and C-peptide concentrations. These responses were measured following the consumption of isoenergetic meals that were high or low in fat content, at breakfast and at lunch. Over 4d each subject received the high-carbohydrate (L, 5·5 g mixed fat/meal) and moderately high-fat (M, 33 g mixed fat/meal) breakfasts and lunches, in three combinations (LL, MM, LM), or they fasted at breakfast time and received a moderately high-fat lunch (NM), in three Latin squares. Each evening a standard meal was given. Plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide responses were greater following L than M meals and within both MM and LL treatments insulin and C-peptide responses were greater following breakfast than following lunch. The incremental C-peptide response to a fatty lunch following a fast at breakfast time (NM) was similar to that to a fatty breakfast, but the incremental insulin response for the same comparison was marginally lower at lunch (P=0·06). The relationship of C-peptide and insulin concentrations was assessed. Plasma glucose response to a fatty lunch was increased by a fatty breakfast. The relationships of these metabolic events with fat metabolism are discussed.

Decreased insulin secretion and incretin concentrations and increased glucagon concentrations after a high-fat meal when compared with a high-fruit and -fiber meal

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (3) ◽  
pp. E185-E191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paresh Dandona ◽  
Husam Ghanim ◽  
Sanaa Abuaysheh ◽  
Kelly Green ◽  
Manav Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Plasma Glucagon ◽  
High Fat ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Proinflammatory Mediators ◽  
Dpp Iv ◽  
Cd26 Expression

This study was conducted to investigate whether a high-fat/high-carbohydrate (HFHC) meal induces an increase in plasma concentrations of glucagon, dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), and CD26 expression in mononuclear cells (MNC) while reducing insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, GIP, and GLP-1 concentrations. Ten healthy normal subjects were given either a 910-calorie HFHC meal or an American Heart Association (AHA) meal rich in fruit and fiber during the first visit and the other meal during the second visit in crossover design. Blood samples were collected at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 180, and 300 min following the meal. There was a significantly greater increase in glucose concentrations and lower increase in postprandial insulin, C-peptide, and proinsulin concentrations and lower insulin/glucose ratios following the HFHC meal. HFHC meal intake induced marked increases in plasma glucagon and DPP-IV concentrations and an increase in CD26 mRNA expression in MNC compared with the AHA meal. In addition, the HFHC meal induced a reduction in GIP and peak GLP-1 secretion compared with the AHA meal. This was associated with a significantly greater increase in oxidative stress and proinflammatory mediators including, ROS generation, TNFα, and IL-1β mRNA expression and plasma concentrations of TBARS, FFA, and LPS. We conclude that the proinflammatory HFHC meals result in lower insulin, C-peptide, proinsulin, and GIP secretion in association with higher plasma glucagon and DPP-IV concentrations and CD26 expression in MNC compared with the AHA meal.

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