scholarly journals Oxytocin Secretion Is Related to Measures of Energy Homeostasis in Young Amenorrheic Athletes

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. E881-E885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Lawson ◽  
Kathryn E. Ackerman ◽  
Meghan Slattery ◽  
Dean A. Marengi ◽  
Hannah Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Fibroblast Growth

Context: Oxytocin has been implicated in the modulation of energy metabolism in animals. Oxytocin knockout mice develop obesity without a change in food intake, suggesting that a lack of oxytocin may reduce metabolic rate. Furthermore, administration of oxytocin centrally reduces food intake in rats, an effect reversed by an oxytocin antagonist, implying that oxytocin may regulate appetite and energy intake. We have previously demonstrated that young female athletes (in a higher energy expenditure state than nonathletes) have low nocturnal oxytocin compared with nonathletes. Whether oxytocin is associated with measures of energy homeostasis in athletes is unknown. Objective: We hypothesized that oxytocin, a signal for energy availability, would be associated with other measures of energy homeostasis in young female athletes. Design and Setting: We performed a cross-sectional study of 45 females, aged 14–21 years [15 amenorrheic athletes (AA), 15 eumenorrheic athletes, and 15 nonathletes] of comparable body mass index. Methods: Dual x-ray absorptiometry was performed to assess body composition. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure resting energy expenditure (REE). Fasting levels of oxytocin, energy homeostasis hormones irisin and fibroblast growth factor-21, and appetite-regulating hormone peptide YY were obtained. Results: In AA, oxytocin secretion was positively correlated with surrogate measures of energy availability, including weight (r = 0.65, P = .009) and body mass index (r = 0.61, P = .016). Furthermore, oxytocin was associated with REE (r = 0.80, P = .0003), independent of lean mass, and with irisin (r = 0.74, P = .002) and fibroblast growth factor-21 (r = 0.58, P = .024). In eumenorrheic athletes, oxytocin was associated with REE (r = 0.59, P = .021), independent of lean mass. In nonathletes, oxytocin secretion was not significantly associated with measures of energy homeostasis. Conclusions: In AA, oxytocin secretion is associated with measures of energy availability and expenditure, suggesting that oxytocin may be involved in regulation of energy balance in energy deficient states. Further studies determining the role of oxytocin in appetite and energy homeostasis in athletes are warranted.

scholarly journals Association of fibroblast growth factor 21 with metabolic phenotype and fat depots in young adults with abdominal obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Zheleznova ◽  
◽  
Juliya V. Zhernakova ◽  
Merab A. Shariia ◽  
Nataliia V. Blinova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Young People ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Fat Depots

Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21) is a hormone-like protein involved in the regulation of energy balance and glucose and lipid homeostasis. The study of the association of this factor with the metabolic phenotype – metabolically healthy (MHAO) and metabolically unhealthy abdominal obesity (AO) and different fat depots (visceral, subcutaneous, epicardial, perivascular) in young people is of undoubted scientific and practical interest. Aim. To determine serum FGF21 levels and match it with the distribution of adipose tissue in young people with AO. Outcomes and methods. The study enrolled 132 people (mean age 37.59±6.35 years). 3 groups were formed: 0th – 16 conditionally healthy volunteers; 1st –46 people of 40 years [34; 43] with MHAO; 2nd – 70 people of 40 years [35; 44] with metabolic syndrome (MS). All subjects underwent measurement of height, body weight, waist circumference, calculation of body mass index. The FGF21 levels (ELISA KIT, BCM Diagnostics, Germany), lipid profile, 2-hour glucose tolerance test, glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin levels and HOMA-IR were assessed. Daily monitoring of blood pressure was performed. The volumes of subcutaneous, visceral, perivascular, epicardial fat, as well as subcutaneous fat to visceral fat ratio were determined with computed tomography. Additionally, for subanalysis, all patients (132 people, mean age 37.59±6.35 years) were divided into 6 groups depending on the presence of AO and the number of risk factors (RF): AO-0/FR-0 (n=16); AO-1/FR-0 (n=3); AO-1/FR-1 (n=40); AO-1/FR-2 (n=37); AO-1/FR-3 (n=14); AO-1/FR-4 (n=5). In each group, FGF21 levels was assessed. Results. The FGF21 levels was significantly higher in the groups of persons with MHAO (294.4 pg/ml) and MS (245.7 pg/ml) compared with the control group (110.2 pg/ml); p=0.04 and p=0.05, respectively. According to the correlation analysis data, there was significant weak association of FGF21 with age (r=0.22, p≤0.05), waist circumference (r=0.18, p≤0.05), hip circumference (r=0.26, p≤0.05), body mass index (r=0.3, p≤0.01). FGF21 was found to be associated with vis-ceral (r=0.2, p≤0.05) and subcutaneous (r=0.2, p≤0.05) fat depots. A significant association of FGF21 with triglycerides (r=0.21, p≤0.05) and leptin (r=0.24, p≤0.05) was registered. The FGF21 level ≥345.8 pg/ml reflected a 3-fold increase in the risk of MS in young people (AuROC 0.74, sensitivity 78.6%, specificity 75.0%, p<0.0001). The FGF21 levels ≥294.4 pg/ml was a risk marker for MHAO (AuROC 0,70, sensitivity 67.4%, specificity 75.0%, p<0.0001). According to the results of subanalysis, a significant (p<0.01) increase in the FGF21 concentration was revealed in the groups with an increase in the number of MS components. Conclusions. The FGF21 levels increases with the worsening of the metabolic phenotype; its increase is seen long before the formation of MS (in persons with MHAO). FGF21 in young people is associated with visceral and subcutaneous fat depots, triglyceride levels and leptin. FGF21≥345.8 pg/ml can be considered a predictor of MS in young people, but further research is required.

scholarly journals Genetic Evidence Supporting Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Signalling as a Pharmacological Target for Cardiometabolic Outcomes and Alzheimer’s Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Susanna C. Larsson ◽  
Dipender Gill
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a human metabolic hormone whose effects include modification of macronutrient preference and energy homeostasis. In animal models, FGF21 has been shown to have beneficial effects on cardiometabolic outcomes, Alzheimer’s disease risk and lifespan. In this study, the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs838133 in the FGF21 gene region was leveraged to investigate the potential clinical effects of targeting FGF21. The FGF21 G allele was associated with lower intakes of total sugars and alcohol, and higher intakes of protein and fat as well as favourable with lipid levels, blood pressure traits, waist-to-hip ratio, systemic inflammation, cardiovascular outcomes, Alzheimer’s disease risk and lifespan. These findings may be used to anticipate the effects of pharmacologically increasing FGF21 signalling.

scholarly journals Daily physical activity, fasting glucose, uric acid, and body mass index are independent factors associated with serum fibroblast growth factor 21 levels

2010 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Cuevas-Ramos ◽  
Paloma Almeda-Valdes ◽  
Francisco J Gómez-Pérez ◽  
Clara Elena Meza-Arana ◽  
Ivette Cruz-Bautista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hmw Adiponectin

ObjectiveFibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) levels have been linked with beneficial effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in animals. It is elevated in humans with the metabolic syndrome. This study investigates independent factors associated with serum FGF21 levels.DesignCross-sectional study done in healthy blue-collar workers.MethodsA medical history was taken, and FGF21 (measured using an ELISA commercial kit), glucose, uric acid, plasma lipids, total/high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin, and retinal-binding protein 4 (RBP4) were measured in 210 individuals with (n=81) and without (n=129) metabolic syndrome.ResultsThe median of serum FGF21 levels were higher in subjects with metabolic syndrome (339.5 vs 276.4 ng/l,P=0.01). Serum FGF21 levels correlated positively with body mass index (BMI;r=0.23,P=0.001) and age (r=0.17,P=0.01). After adjusting for age and BMI, a significant positive correlation persisted for fasting glucose, uric acid, and physical activity in both males (r=0.21,r=0.11, andr=0.19, allP<0.05) and females (r=0.20,r=0.19, andr=0.14, allP<0.05). In addition, FGF21 also correlates negatively with RBP4 (r=−0.27,P=0.02), total (r=−0.26,P=0.03), and HMW adiponectin (r=−0.30,P=0.01) in women. A multiple linear regression model analysis identified that BMI (standardized β (SB)=0.247;P=0.008), glucose (SB=0.226;P=0.003), uric acid (SB=0.191;P=0.04), and physical activity (SB=0.223;P=0.004) are independent factors influencing serum FGF21 levels (F=10.05,r2=0.19,P<0.001). In addition, fasting hyperglycemia ≥100 mg/dl, excess body weight with BMI ≥25 kg/m2, and uric acid ≥5.5 mg/dl predicted higher serum FGF21 levels.ConclusionSerum FGF21 levels are influenced by BMI, fasting glycemia, uric acid, and physical activity.

scholarly journals Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Action in the Brain Increases Energy Expenditure and Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Rats

Diabetes ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 1817-1824 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Sarruf ◽  
J. P. Thaler ◽  
G. J. Morton ◽  
J. German ◽  
J. D. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Obese Rats ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Lower Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Levels are Associated with Normal Lumbar Spine Bone Mineral Density in Hemodialysis Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1938
Author(s):  
Yin-Ting Wu ◽  
Bang-Gee Hsu ◽  
Chih-Hsien Wang ◽  
Yu-Li Lin ◽  
Yu-Hsien Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
Mineral Density

Recent evidence has indicated that fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) regulates longitudinal bone growth, with increased FGF21 levels leading to bone loss. The present study evaluated the relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and serum FGF21 levels in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD). We analyzed blood samples from 95 patients undergoing HD and measured BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar vertebrae (L2–L4). Serum FGF21 concentrations were determined using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Thirteen (11.6%) patients were found to have osteoporosis, 27 (28.4%) osteopenia, and 57 patients had normal BMD. Advanced age and decreased body mass index, height, body weight, waist circumference, and triglyceride level were associated with lower lumbar T-scores, as were increased alkaline phosphatase, urea reduction rate, fractional clearance index for urea, and FGF21 levels. Low log-FGF21, increased body mass index, increased pre-HD body weight, and increased logarithmically transformed triglycerides (log-TG) were found to be significantly and independently associated with lumbar BMD by multivariate forward stepwise linear regression analysis with adjustment for significant confounders. We conclude that high serum FGF21 level is negatively associated with BMD in patients undergoing HD.

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