How Shall We Let This Text, or Anything, Teach Us?

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Yi-Ping Ong
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Ethical Discourse ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference

Abstract How do we come to share an ethical outlook with others? Is it possible to teach ethics? What does it mean to live with others when we do not (always) inhabit the same world? J. M. Coetzee’s Elizabeth Costello engages these profound ethical questions in its very form. Whereas critics argue that the novel either takes up or evades the task of ethical instruction, this article shows that the text disputes the basic assumptions of ethical literary criticism. Elizabeth Costello makes a powerful case for the difference of the novel vis-à-vis other forms of ethical discourse. What is at stake in Coetzee’s choice of the novel qua fiction is an attempt to engage the status of fiction in relation to the status of ethical discourse in our time. Contemporary ethical discourse unfolds within a context in which it is considered to be no more than a necessary fiction. Coetzee’s text places this stance within the framework of fiction—not primarily to demonstrate its falsity but to stage an alternate or rival fiction, one that challenges our fundamental assumptions about fiction, ethics, and existence.

scholarly journals Deconstruction of Ethical Predicament in J. M. Coetzee’s Waiting for the Barbarians

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Huang Hui
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Binary Opposition ◽  
Ethical Discourse ◽  
Ethical Choices ◽  
Civilization And Barbarism ◽  
Waiting For The Barbarians

Waiting for the Barbarians is an allegorical novel by J. M. Coetzee, which tells a story of the confrontation of civilization and barbarism. The old Magistrate, as the main character of the novel is called, is a defender of the civilization of the Empire at the very beginning. He falls into the dilemma of the binary opposition between civilization and barbarism through the cruel torture of the Empire and the contact with the barbarians; he breaks completely with the civilization of the Empire, and achieves the salvation of his soul ultimately, after witnessing the torture of the Empire by himself. This paper, with the approaches of Ethical Literary Criticism, throws light on the construction of ethical discourse and metaphor in the novel, and analyzes how the old Magistrate falls into the ethical predicament and comes out of it through ethical choices, thus deconstructing the old Magistrate’s psychological cognitive process of civilization and barbarism, and revealing the ethical callings and moral reflections of this work in relation to realistic social problems.

scholarly journals INTERMEDIATION AND EXFRASIS IN M. PAVICH'S NOVELS

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
N. Bilyk
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Status ◽  
Creative Experience ◽  
Productive Area ◽  
Semantic Spaces ◽  
The Individual

The multifaceted interrelationships of the various media are now considered to be a particular productive area of comparative strategy. The generalized typology among the types of intermedia at the present stage is considered to be the most fruitful and effective, in particular, ephrasis and intermedia – a particular manifestation of intermedia, the phenomenon of specific expressive mediation – mediation – of one media in the figurative field of another. Intermediate format, developed by the interaction of different sign systems and the content encoded by them, mainly – literature and other arts with emphasis on the sign and semantic correspondence of comparisons, has significant artistic effectiveness. At the same time, the preferred determinant of ephrasis as a description of a work of art in a literary text is suggested to be its relation to a specific work of authorship, although it also assumes the spread of the ephrasis to similar or non-existent but genre conventional art variants with a pre-eminent inheritance of the corresponding art. In determining the universal common principles of organizing such sovereignty of sign systems, positioned in the status of local variants of different discursive practices in the process of their syncretic interaction in the literary dimension, effective for illuminating the raised issue are primarily the tendencies of the extracurricular direction of literary criticism, initiated by the first concept. the imposition and intersection of semantic spaces capable of generating new meaning. The empiricism of intermedia and ephrasis is vividly and convincingly actualized in the novels of the prominent Serbian writer M. Pavic. Intermediate and extravagant improvisations are evident in the complex, multifaceted organization of the poetics of the novel form, emphasized in literary works, which brought this postulate to the level of traditional scientific views. Innovative creative experience of the artist, covered in the works of «Khazar Dictionary», «Inner Side of the Wind», «Last Love in Constantinople», «The Second Body», attests to the individual sophistication, content, precision of design and variety of potential, meaningfulness, significance poetics of syncretism of the arts to the organizational form-meaning components of the figurative structure of the novel as a whole.

scholarly journals Narrators and their position among other characters in the novel «Το διπλό βιβλί ο» and the whole work by D. Hatzis

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
A. Satdarova
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status

D. Hatzis is known as the author of the novel «Το διπλό βιβλί ο» and also as the author of many short stories, so his whole work presents a wide range of various characters that have never been analyzed by literary criticism as a system. The article clarifi es the status of narrators in the novel «Το διπλό βιβλί ο» as main characters, considers them as a system, reveals connection between them and characters of earlier works by D. Hatzis.

scholarly journals ‘SO YOU DON’T GET LOST IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD’ BY PATRICK MODIANO: POETICS OF THE ‘NOVEL ABOUT A NOVEL’

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Nina S. Bochkareva ◽  
◽  
Inga V. Suslova ◽  
Alexander D. Bazhanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Nobel Lecture ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Patrick Modiano ◽  
French Writer ◽  
Third Person ◽  
The Difference

The article analyzes the novel by the modern French writer Patrick Modiano So You Don’t Get Lost in the Neighborhood (‘Pour que tu ne te perdes pas dans le quartier’, 2014) in terms of the genre poetics of the ‘novel about a novel’. The paper explains the use of the terms ‘novel about a novel’, ‘metanovel’, etc. in modern literary criticism. As part of research, there was studied the writer’s Nobel Lecture, read by him in the year of the novel’s publication, and the works of Modiano’s researchers from different countries. The conclusion is drawn about the game structure of the ‘novel about a novel’, which is architecturally connected with the French modernist tradition (M. Proust, A. Gide, and others). Throughout the novel, the herowriter Jean Daragane dreams of his own life, combining memories and imagination (the process of creative work, according to Modiano). Plunging into the past, Jean Daragane discovers in childhood a source of his loneliness (loneliness is a condition of the writer’s work and the theme of the ‘novel about a novel’). Recorded in a multitude of overlapping texts belonging to different genres (fake passport, business card, note book, phone book, article, letter, police report, dossier, brochure, novel, poems, etc.), the palimpsest novel creates a communicative space of dialogue, which is the only possible way out of loneliness for the writer. Inside the ‘self-begetting novel’ is the story of the creation of the hero’s first novel The Black Color of Summer (‘Le Noir de l'été’) as one of the intersecting storylines. Among the different intertextual references, Natural History by the French naturalist of the 18th century Buffon and the collection of poems by the eight-year-old girl Minou Drouet Tree, My Friend (‘Arbre, mon ami’) (1957) constitute the immediate context of the novel created in the process of reading and testify to its lyrical and philosophical character. Thus, Modiano’s work draws closer to the lyrical type of Proust’s ‘novel about a novel’, although the detective component and third-person narrative reveal the influence of A. Gide. The reference to the tradition of the modernist ‘novel about a novel’ emphasizes the author’s belonging to the ‘intermediate generation’ of writers who represent the difference between monumental novels of the past and fragmentary works of the present as self-reflection of the genre.

Motivasi dan kepuasan kerja pegawai puskesmas BLUD dan non-BLUD Kabupaten Semarang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aswindar Adhi Gumilang ◽  
Tri Pitara Mahanggoro ◽  
Qurrotul Aini
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Work Motivation ◽  
P Value ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
Public Demand

The public demand for health service professionalism and transparent financial management made some Puskesmas in Semarang regency changed the status of public health center to BLUD. The implementation of Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD requires resources that it can work well in order to meet the expectations of the community. The aim of this study is to know the difference of work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD. Method of this research is a comparative descriptive with a quantitative approach. The object of this research are work motivation and job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD and non-BLUD Semarang regency. This Research showed that Sig value. (P-value) work motivation variable was 0.019 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of work motivation of employees in Puskemas BLUD and non-BLUD. Sig value (P-value) variable of job satisfaction was 0.020 smaller than α value (0.05). It showed that there was a difference of job satisfaction of BLUD and non-BLUD. The average of non-BLUD employees motivation were 76.59 smaller than the average of BLUD employees were 78.25. The average of job satisfaction of BLUD employees were 129.20 bigger than the average of non-BLUD employee were 124.26. Job satisfaction of employees in Puskesmas BLUD was higher than non-BLUD employees.

Vier Arten von Römern unter den Franken im 6. bis 8. Jh.

2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 459-468
Author(s):  
Detlef Liebs
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Law Texts ◽  
Fourth Kind

Abstract Four kinds of Romans in the Frankish kingdoms in the 6th to 8th centuries. Roman law texts from Merowingian Gaul make a difference between cives Romani, Latini and dediticii, all considered as Romans. This difference mattered only to slaves who had been freed. The status of Latin and dediticius was hereditary, whereas the descendants of one who had been freed as civis Romanus were free born Romans, who should be classified as a proper, a fourth kind of beeing Roman; it was the standard kind. The difference was important in civil law, procedural law and criminal law, especially in wergeld, the sum to be payed for expiation when somebody had been killed: Who had killed a Roman, had to pay different sums according to the status of the killed.

Optimization of the Expression of 1,3-1,4-β-glucanase Gene from Rhizomucor miehei in the Komagataella kurtzmanii yeast

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.I. Gubaidullin ◽  
A.S. Fedorov ◽  
D.G. Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Rhizomucor Miehei ◽  
Leader Peptide ◽  
Promoter Regions ◽  
Functional Elements ◽  
Resource Center ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pichia Pastoris Yeast ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Genetic Constructs

Key functional elements of the vector (promoter, leader and terminator regions) that provide the expression of a target l,3-l,4-(3-glucanase gene from Rhizomucor miehei in the Komagataella kurtzmanii yeast have been optimized. It was shown that the promoter regions of the gene AOX1 from the Pichia pastoris yeast currently reclassified as Komagataella phaffti and from К. kurtzmanii yeast as parts of a vector provided equal levels of expression of the target gene in the cells of the recipient strain К. kurtzmanii Y727his4, i.e. they were completely interchangeable. This means that genetic constructs that were previously developed for the biosynthesis of recombinant proteins in К. phajfii are able to provide an effective expression in the К kurtzmanii yeast. The leader peptide MF4I (used as a variant of mif4I containing one amino acid substitution) and the leader peptide maxHH (containing the double proregion of the Hspl50 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) confirmed the status of the most powerful elements among the five leader sequences analyzed. Their efficiency was 1.7 times higher than that of the standard leader from the yeast alpha-factor, and by 20% higher than the characteristics of the second group of artificial leaders. At the same time, it was found that, the choice of the terminator region had the strongest influence on the expression of the target gene among all of the vector functional elements. The best terminator elements were variants derived from the transcription termination region of the AOX1 gene, and the difference in the expression level of the target gene using different terminators was approximately 4.5 times. Based on the analysis of the obtained data, the optimal composition of the key functional elements of the expression vector was determined ; it included the promoter and terminator regions of the AOX1 yeast gene and one of the artificial leaders, mif4I or maxHH. β-glucanase, Komagataella kurtzmanii, yeast, secretion, strain producer The work was financially supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher education of the Russian Federation (Unique Project Identifier RFMEFI60717X0179) using the Unique Scientific Facility of the National Bio-Resource Center «All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms», NRC «Kurchatov Institute» - GOSNIIGENETIKA

PENGAKUAN CALABAI: SEBUAH ANALISIS INTERTEKSTUAL NOVEL PASUNG JIWA KARYA OKKY MADASARI DAN NOVEL CALABAI KARYA PEPI AL-BAYQUNIE

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Krisna Aji Kusuma ◽  
Herman J Waluyo ◽  
Nugraheni Eko Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

<p><em>This study aims to describe the intertextuality relationship between the novel Pasung Jiwa by Okky Madasari and Calabai by Pepi Al-Bayqunie. The type of research is descriptive qualitative approach using content analysis. Data are collected by inventorying events that are similarities and differences, specifications on the characters, settings, plots, and themes of both text. The research results indicate that there are similar themes on the two novels, the theme of self actualization in addition with the theme of family and friendship. The same characterization are also used by both author, masculine figures with feminine soul characters. The difference between the two novels lies on the plot and setting. Pasung Jiwa uses progressive plot and Calabai uses a flash-back plot.. Okky Madasari takes Java Island as the background in the novel Pasung Jiwa, while the novel Calabai, Pepi Al-Bayqunie using the setting of Sulawesi Island. The basis of the similarity of theme and characterization supported by the similirity of events in the story shows the existence of intertextual relationship between the two novels. As a previously published work, the novel Pasung Jiwa by Okky Madasari is a hipogram and novel Calabai by Pepi A-Bayqunie as a transformational text. On the theme and characterization, the transformation of Calabai forward the hypogram, while in the plot and setting deviates his hypogram, Pasung Jiwa.</em></p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan intertekstualitas antara novel Pasung Jiwa karya Okky Madasari dan novel Calabai karya Pepi Al-Bayqunie. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan konten analisis. Data dikumpulkan dengan menginventariskan peristiwa yang merupakan persamaan dan perbedaan, spesifikasi pada tokoh, latar, alur, dan tema dari kedua teks. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kesamaan tema pada kedua novel, yaitu tema aktualisasi diri, ditambah dengan tema keluarga dan persahabatan. Penokohan yang sama juga digunakan oleh kedua penulis, yaitu tokoh maskulin dengan karakter jiwa feminin. Perbedaan kedua novel terletak pada alur dan latar. Pasung Jiwa menggunakan alur maju dan Calabai menggunakan alur campuran. Latar dalam novel Pasung Jiwa, Okky Madasari mengambil latar Pulau Jawa, sedangkan novel Calabai, Pepi Al-Bayqunie menggunakan latar Pulau Sulawesi. Dasar kesamaan tema dan penokohan didukung kesamaan peristiwa-peristiwa dalam cerita menunjukkan adanya hubungan intertekstual antara kedua novel. Sebagai karya yang terbit terlebih dahulu menjadikan novel Pasung Jiwa karya Okky Madasari adalah hipogram dan novel Calabai karya Pepi Al-Bayqunie sebagai teks transformasi. Pada tema dan penokohan, transformasi Calabai meneruskan hipogram, sedangkan pada alur dan latar menyimpangi hipogramnya, Pasung Jiwa.</p>

PERUBAHAN NILAI BUDAYA MINANGKABAU DALAM NOVEL TENGGELAMNYA KAPAL VAN DER WIJCK KARYA HAMKA DAN NOVEL BULAN SUSUT KARYA ISMET FANANY (KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN)

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Yulia Pebriani
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Symbolic Leadership ◽  
Cultural Shifts ◽  
Time Lead

<em>Local culture is very diverse Indonesia became an honor and challenge to maintain and inherited to the next generation. Local Indonesian culture is very proud because it has a very varied diversity and unique. As time, lead to changes in lifestyle a more modern society. As a result, people will prefer the new culture that may be considered more practical than the local culture. Views on kinship, treasures, and wander in the novel Tenggelamnya Kapal Van Der Wijck Hamka works and novels Bulan Susut works Ismet Fanany changes and cultural shifts. Kinship, treasures, and wander in the novel Sinking Ship Van Der Wijck Hamka's work is described explicitly, whereas kinship, treasures, and wander in the novel Month Losses Ismet work Fanany described implicitly. Changes in people's lives has implications for social Minangkabau culture in Minangkabau society. A leadership that is both functional mamak transformed into symbolic leadership. Mamak originally as straps tribesmen, has changed the status and intrinsic meaning.</em>

Through the Lens of Gadamer’s Hermeneutics: In comparison between Amina Wadud’s and Mohammed Talbi’s Interpretations of Q. 4:34

SUHUF ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-214
Author(s):  
Afifur Rochman Sya'rani
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Contextual Approach ◽  
The Status ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Muslim Scholars ◽  
The Way

Most of traditional Muslim exegetes interpret Q. 4:34 in terms of maintaining the superiority of men over women. Some progressive Muslim scholars then insist a contextual approach to the verse to criticize gender inequality. Among some progressive Muslim scholars, this article comparatively examines the interpretations of Amina Wadud and Mohammed Talbi of Q. 4:34. Although both of them propose a contextual reading of the verse, they have different intellectual background, approach and method in interpreting the Qur’ān. The questions are to what extent the similarities and differences of both Wadud’s and Talbi’s interpretation of Q. 4:34 and how far their interpretations reflect their respective intention and perspective? Applying Gadamer’s hermeneutical approach, the article concludes that [1] Both Wadud and Talbi argue that the verse does not establish the superiority of men over women, but acknowledges duties division among married couple; [2] the difference among their interpretations is on the status of relationship among married couple; [3] Wadud’s and Talbi’s interpretations represent their respective hermeneutical situations and the way they define ontologically the nature of  interpretation and Qur’anic hermeneutics affect on producing the meanings of the verse.

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