scholarly journals Family Policy Awareness and Marital Intentions: A National Survey Experimental Study

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun Gong ◽  
Senhu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Japanese Family ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Policy Awareness ◽  
Policy Information

Abstract Despite extensively examining the effects of family policies on marriage and fertility rates, previous research has paid little attention to the process of policy implementation and has implicitly assumed that individuals are fully aware of the policy information when making marital and fertility decisions. Challenging this assumption, we theorize policy awareness as an important mechanism for understanding the potential influence of family policies on individuals' marital intentions, an understudied yet crucial determinant of family formation behavior. In an experiment using a national survey of young unmarried individuals in Japan, respondents were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups. The treatment group was informed about 17 Japanese family policy benefits, but most of the respondents knew none or only a few of these benefits. After exposure to the policy information, the treatment group had significantly higher marital intentions than the control group, which had similar baseline characteristics but no information exposure. Crucially, such positive effects were particularly pronounced among high-educated women and high- and low-educated men, reflecting the differentiated effects of policy awareness under Japan's traditional gender role norms. Overall, these findings highlight the pivotal role of policy awareness during the family formation process and contribute to the debate over whether and how family policies may influence different subpopulations.

scholarly journals Can Dog-Assisted Intervention Decrease Anxiety Level and Autonomic Agitation in Patients with Anxiety Disorders?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5171
Author(s):  
Dorota Wołyńczyk-Gmaj ◽  
Aleksandra Ziółkowska ◽  
Piotr Rogala ◽  
Dawid Ścigała ◽  
Ludwik Bryła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Anxiety ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Full Data ◽  
Positive Effects

Few studies have explored the influence of an Animal-Assisted Intervention on patients with mental disorders. We investigated it’s impact on anxiety symptoms. We divided 51 patients with anxiety symptoms into two groups—treatment group, that went for a short 15–20 min’ walk with a dog, his handler and a researcher and control group, that went for a walk only with a researcher. We used State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) of fear, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Ford Insomnia Response to Stress (FIRST), Brief symptom Inventory (BSI) and VAS of satisfaction after trial to assess. We also checked the resting blood pressure and resting heart rate before and after performing psychological tests while sitting. We have obtained full data of 21 people from the research group and 26 people from the control group. After the intervention, the treatment group reported lower anxiety levels as a state (Mean (M) = 34.35; Standard Deviation (SD) = 6.9 vs. M = 40.94; SD = 8.6) and fear (M = 1.05; SD = 1.0 vs. M = 2.04; SD = 2.2) than the control group. After a walk with a dog, trait anxiety (M = 34.35; SD = 6.9 vs. M = 46.3; SD = 9.6), state anxiety (M = 48.9; SD = 7.2 vs. M = 53.9; SD = 7.8), fear (M = 1.05; SD= 1.0 vs. M = 2.57; SD = 2.3) and resting heart rate (M = 71.05; SD = 12.3 vs. M = 73.67; SD = 13.1) decreased significantly, while walking without a dog only reduced state anxiety (M = 47.24; SD = 11.0 vs. M = 40.94; SD = 8.6). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that after the walk, state anxiety was significantly lower in the treatment group than in the control group, F(1.35) = 6.706, p <0.05, η2 = 0.161. Among those who walked with a dog, the intervention also led to significant decreases in fear and resting heart rate, F(1.44) = 11.694, p < 0.01, η2 = 0.210 and F(1.45) = 8.503; p < 0.01; η2 = 0.159, respectively. For anxious patients, a short walk with a dog is more beneficial than a walk without one. We found significant positive effects of a dog’s company on vegetative arousal and mental comfort. This is another study confirming the possible therapeutic effect of the animal on anxiety symptoms. Further research is required, especially in the large groups of patients, as recommendations on the use of Animal Assisted Interventions (AAI) are needed.

scholarly journals Aromatherapy Massage on the Abdomen for Alleviating Menstrual Pain in High School Girls: A Preliminary Controlled Clinical Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Haeng Hur ◽  
Myeong Soo Lee ◽  
Ka-Yeon Seong ◽  
Mi-Kyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Menstrual Pain ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
Massage Treatment ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Controlled Clinical Study

This study investigated the alleviating effects of aromatherapy massage and acetaminophen on menstrual pain in Korean high school girls. Subjects were divided into two groups: the aromatherapy massage (treatment) group () and the acetaminophen (control) group (). Aromatherapy massage was performed on subjects in the treatment group. The abdomen was massaged once using clary sage, marjoram, cinnamon, ginger, and geranium in a base of almond oil. The level of menstrual pain was assessed using a visual analogue scale at baseline and twenty-four hours afterward. The reduction of menstrual pain was significantly higher in the aromatherapy group than in the acetaminophen group. Using multiple regression, aromatherapy massage was found to be more highly associated with reduction in the level of menstrual pain than acetaminophen. These finding suggest that aromatherapy massage may be an effective treatment for menstrual pain in high school girls. However, it could not be verified whether the positive effects derived from the aromatherapy, the massage, or both. Further rigorous studies should be conducted using more objective measures.

scholarly journals Effect of Rumen Protected Methionine and α-Tocopherol on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Composition of Late Fattening Hanwoo Steer in High-Temperature Seasons

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2430
Author(s):  
Byung-Ki Park ◽  
Jun-Sang Ahn ◽  
Min-Ji Kim ◽  
Gi-Hwal Son ◽  
Sang-Hun Bong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Longissimus Muscle ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Meat Composition ◽  
Significant Difference

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of rumen-protected methionine and α-tocopherol (RPMT) on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat composition of late fattening Hanwoo steers in high-temperature seasons. Fourteen steers were randomly assigned to one of two diets; control (commercial concentrate) and treatment (commercial concentrate + 20 g of RPMT). Average daily gain was 34% higher in the treatment group than in the control group; however, there was no significant difference due to the small number under investigation. Feed conversion ratio was lower in the treatment group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Supplementation of RPMT had little effect on the fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle. Metmyoglobin in the longissimus muscle was significantly lower in treatment group compared to the control group at the ninth day of storage (p < 0.05). The redness of the longissimus muscle was higher in the treatment group than in the control group on day 9 of storage (p < 0.01). Thus, the results suggest that RPMT have positive effects on growth performance, and Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage color stability in the longissimus muscle of late fattening Hanwoo steers in high-temperature seasons.

scholarly journals Effect of The Sweet Potato Against Mice on Blood Glucose of Diabetes Mellitus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ai Kustiani ◽  
Wilda Raziq
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Average Blood Glucose

<p class="Default"><em>The </em><em>aim</em><em> of this study was to analyze </em><em>the effects</em><em> of the sweet potato to the levels of blood glucose on diabetic mellitus mice. This study had been carried out with a sample of 25 mice which were divided into 5 groups. The levels of blood glucose on mice before treating with rice flour and sweet potato flour on the negative control group (KN) was 76.2 ± SD, on the positive control group (KP) was 159.4 ± SD, on the 1<sup>st</sup> treatment group (P1) was 159.4 ± SD, on the 2<sup>nd</sup> treatment group (P2) was 166.6 ± SD and 3<sup>rd</sup> treatment group (P3) was 161.2 ± SD. The average blood glucose levels on the 2<sup>nd</sup> treatment group (P2) before treatment was 166.6 ± SD and after treatment was 109.0 ± SD. The result showed a significant difference based on the statistical data (p &lt; 0.05) between 4 test groups of mice. There was a big difference on the average blood glucose levels before and after treatment o P2 and P3. It is concluded that the treatment of sweet potatoes gives a positive effects on the blood glucose levels of diabetic mellitus mice. </em></p>

scholarly journals Hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs Have Superior Effect in Ameliorating Renal Function on Acute Renal Failure Animal Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Putra ◽  
Dannis Pertiwi ◽  
Meidona Nurul Milla ◽  
Ulfah Dian Indrayani ◽  
Durotul Jannah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Creatinine Level ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects

BACKGROUND: Acute renal failure (ARF) is a serious disease characterised by a rapid loss of renal functions due to nephrotoxic drug or ischemic insult. The clinical treatment approach such as dialysis techniques and continuous renal enhancement have grown rapidly during past decades. However, there is yet no significant effect in improving renal function. Hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (HP-MSCs) have positive effects on the in vitro survival and stemness, in addition to angiogenic potential. AIM: In this study, we aimed to analyse the effect of HP-MSCs administration in improving renal function, characterised by blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine level. METHODS: A group of 15 male Wistar rats weighing 250 g to 300 g were used in this study (n = 5 for each group). Rats were randomly distributed into 3 groups: Vehicle control (Veh) as a control group, HP-MSCs and normoxia MSCs (N-MSCs) as the treatment group. Renal function was evaluated based on the BUN and creatinine levels using the colourimetric method on day 5 and 13. The histological analysis using HE staining was performed on day 13. RESULTS: The result showed there is a significant decrease in BUN and creatinine level (p < 0.05). The histological analysis of renal tissue also showed a significant decrease between Veh and treatment group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on this study, we conclude that HP-MSCs have a superior beneficial effect than N-MSCs in improving renal function in an animal model of gentamicin-induced ARF.

An Intervention of Academic Peer Mentoring Program towards Mathematics Grade among Secondary Students in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 2795-2800
Author(s):  
Fauziah Hanim Jalal Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
School Counselors ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Peer Mentoring ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mentoring Program ◽  
Peer Mentor ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Grade Achievement

Academic peer mentoring program between peer mentors and mentees has been widely implemented by school counselors. However, few researches have been examined the outcome of the Peer Mentor Module (PMM) on mathematics grade achievement in school. The PMM aim to improve the peer mentor’s soft skills namely in interpersonal relationship, communication, motivation, empathy and emotional stability. The present study examines the effect of participation of form four students in a secondary school in academic peer mentoring program as well as differences between individual and group approach on mathematic grade achievement. A total of 45 sampel form four students who failed in mathematic monthly tests whereby 30 students as mentee served as treatment group while the remainder 15 students as a control group. All 20 peer mentor students participated in an eight hours workshop using the Peer Mentor Module.  The subjects were examined at week one for pre-test and post-test at week eight. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage and mean, with inferential analysis using Mann-Whitney U tests. Statistical analysis included (group x time) measures t-test to determine between and within group mean differences. The finding supports the hypothesis that PMM intervention shows positive effects on increasing the mathematic grade. It was found that the mathematic grade of Individual Peer Mentor Treatment Group is higher than the Group Peer Mentor Treatment Group.  Therefore, a one-on-one session (one peer mentor and one mentee) provide better individualized attention for students as well as establish understanding of the content and advices from a peer mentor.  This approach can become an important aspect in implementing the guidance and counselling practice that focus in academic peer mentoring.

Family policies and family life course complexity across 20th-century Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Van Winkle
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Life Courses ◽  
The Life Course

The family policy landscape changed dramatically across and within European societies during the 20th century. At the same time, family life courses have become more complex, unstable and unpredictable. However, there are no empirical studies that attempt to link changes in family policies with increasing family life course complexity. In this study, I address two research questions: (1) What is the association between family policies and family life course complexity? and (2) Do these associations vary by the life course stage at which individuals experience family policies? Retrospective data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe are used to construct the family life courses of individuals from the age of 15 to 50, born between 1924 and 1956, from 15 European countries. I use metrics developed in sequence analysis that incorporate life course transitions and unpredictability to measure the complexity of family formation. Annual policy information from 1924 to 2008 for each country are combined to generate cohort indices for three policy dimensions: familization, individualization and liberalization. These cohort metrics express the policy experiences of individuals over the course of their lives, rather than at a specific historical time point. I find that while familization is associated with less complex life courses, individualization is related to higher levels of complexity. Furthermore, my results indicate that the levels individualization experienced early and later in the life course are linked most strongly with complexity. I conclude that family policy reforms may partially account for increasing life course instability and unpredictability across Europe.

Effect of Butylated Hydroxytoluene and Tocopherol Supplementation on In vitro Sperm Characters during Cryopreservation of Black Bengal Buck Semen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krushna Chandra Tudu ◽  
Ajoy Mandal ◽  
Mohan Mondal ◽  
Subrata Kumar Das ◽  
Monoj Kumar Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Butylated Hydroxytoluene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Intact Cells ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sperm Characters ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Black Bengal goat is one of the important goat breeds of India. Cryopreservation of semen and artificial insemination are effective techniques for improving goat breeding programs. Various biochemical and functional changes that occur during freezing-thawing process results in poor post thaw sperm recovery. Supplementation of antioxidants to the extender has been reported to have positive effects on semen cryopreservation in various species. The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of antioxidants butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT), α tocopherol on post thaw in vitro sperm characters, lipid peroxide level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity during cryo­preservation of Black Bengal buck semen. Methods: Semen was collected from bucks by artificial vagina, antioxidant BHT was added to the Tris egg yolk extender @ 0, 1 and 2 mM/ml in control group (BHTC), treatment group 1 (BHTT1) and treatment group 2 (BHTT2), respectively. Similarly, tocopherol was added @ 0, 1 and 2 mg/ml in control group (TFC), in treatment group 1 (TFT1) and treatment group 2 (TFT2), respectively. Each antioxidant was tested with 20 semen ejaculates. Semen samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen and post freeze-thaw in vitro sperm characters, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and SOD activity were measured. Result: Post thaw sperm motility, functional membrane integrity and viable count were significantly (P less than 0.05) higher in the BHT and α tocopherol supplemented groups than control groups. Significantly (P less than 0.05) higher acrosome intact cells were recovered in BHTT1, BHTT2 and TFT2 groups than the control and TFT1 groups. Further, BHT supplemented groups had significantly lower level of MDA than the control, while the supplementation of α tocopherol could not control the generation of MDA. Post thaw SOD activity was found significantly lower in the antioxidant treated groups than their respective controls. It is concluded that supplementation of BHT and α tocopherol were found to be more promising in conserving in vitro sperm characters from cryo-damages during freezing of Black Bengal bucks semen.

Effect of L-cysteine Supplementation on Cryopreservation of Black Bengal Buck Semen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krushna Chandra Tudu ◽  
Debajyoti Sarkar ◽  
Ajoy Mandal ◽  
Mohan Mondal ◽  
Subrata Kumar Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Sperm Characters ◽  
Semen Extender

Background: Black Bengal goat is one among the valuable goat breeds of India. Semen preservation and artificial insemination are practical technologies for conservation and improving livestock germplasm. Various biochemical changes that occur during cryopreservation of semen, results in loss of sperm cell structure and their functions. Inclusion of antioxidants to the semen extender has been reported to have positive effects on sperm recovery in various livestock species. The present experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of antioxidant L-cysteine on post freeze thaw sperm characters, lipid peroxide level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity during cryo­preservation of Black Bengal buck semen. Methods: Twenty numbers of semen ejaculates were collected from Black Bengal bucks, antioxidant L cysteine was added to the semen extender @ 0, 1 and 2 mM in control group (CC), treatment group 1 (CT1) and treatment group 2 (CT2), respectively. Semen samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen and measured post freeze-thaw in vitro sperm characters, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and SOD activity. Result: Though there was no significant improvement in post thaw sperm motility, functional membrane integrity and viability count, supplementation of L-cysteine significantly improved the percentage of sperm cells with intact acrosome and significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced the level of malondialdehyde. Post thaw SOD activity was found significantly lower in the antioxidant treated groups than the control. It is concluded that supplementation of L cysteine is effective in controlling lipid peroxidation and conserving in vitro sperm characters during freezing of Black Bengal buck semen.

scholarly journals Using Social Network Sites to Boost Savoring: Positive Effects on Positive Emotions

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6407
Author(s):  
Sen-Chi Yu ◽  
Kennon M. Sheldon ◽  
Wen-Ping Lan ◽  
Jia-Huei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
University Students ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Treatment Control Group

Research has demonstrated that positive interventions (PIs) can be effective in enhancing well-being. Our study used Facebook to conduct a PI based on savoring. Sixty-one university students in Taiwan were randomly assigned to undergo a three-week savoring PI, and 61 participants were assigned to a no-treatment control group. The results showed significantly enhanced positive affect in the treatment group compared to the control group, in both a post-test and a final follow-up, but no significant differences between the two groups in negative affect. The treatment group also displayed significantly lower depression in the post-test, which was not maintained at the follow-up. These results indicate that, for university students, a savoring intervention via Facebook can be an effective way of enhancing positive emotions.

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