Servo-controlled Lumbar Infusions

Neurosurgery ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Sklar ◽  
Chester W. Beyer ◽  
Murugappan Ramanathan ◽  
Ilya Elashvili ◽  
Paul R. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Variable Rate ◽  
Controlled System ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Time Period ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Infusion Technique ◽  
Csf Absorption

Abstract The variable rate lumbar subarachnoid infusion technique allows rapid quantitative study of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment. Numerous pressure plateaus are studied in a brief time period with a servo-controlled system. The test determines the difference between rates of CSF absorption and formation as a function of pressure. On-line computer data analysis increases experimental efficiency to guarantee statistical significance. Animal and patient data are presented in the report.

Significance of the So-Called Absorptive Reserve in Communicating Hydrocephalus

Neurosurgery ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick H. Sklar ◽  
Chester W. Beyer ◽  
Jan T. Diehl ◽  
Kemp W. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Physiological Range ◽  
Resting Pressure ◽  
Pressure Parameter ◽  
Infusion Technique ◽  
Csf Absorption

Abstract Twelve patients with communicating hydrocephalus were studied with a servocontrolled lumbar infusion technique to measure net cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorptive capacity and resting pressure. Each patient showed a significant absorptive reserve; the rate of CSF absorption exceeded the rate of formation over a physiological range of pressure. The size of the ventricles did not correlate with either the absorptive capacity or the resting pressure parameter, or both. The data suggest that communicating hydrocephalus does not reflect a simple imbalance between the rates of CSF formation and absorption. Other factors must be of etiological importance and are considered in the discussion.

Hysteresis in the Relationship between Cerebrospinal Fluid Absorption Minus Formation and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure in the Dog

Neurosurgery ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Chandler ◽  
Nicolaus N. Zwetnow ◽  
Jan LÖfgren
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Pressure ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure ◽  
Fluid Absorption ◽  
Csf Pressure ◽  
Pressure Sensitive ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Absorption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Csf Absorption

Abstract In this study the difference between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) absorption and formation (A - F) was measured as a function of CSF pressure in the living and dead dog. We determined this relationship between A - F and CSF pressure during both increasing and decreasing CSF pressures. A hysteresis effect was identified in 78% of living animals, but was not seen in the dead animals. This suggests that the mechanism of CSF absorption in the living dog is nonpassive and pressure-sensitive.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF MULTIPARAMETRIC ENDORECTAL ULTRASOUND AND ENHANCED IMAGING COLONOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF EARLY COLORECTAL CANCER

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-64
Author(s):  
E. M. Bogdanova ◽  
Yu. L. Trubacheva ◽  
O. M. Yugai ◽  
S. V. Chernyshov ◽  
E. G. Rybakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Endorectal Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Early Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Optical Magnification ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Enhanced Imaging

AIM: to compare multiparametric endorectal ultrasound (ERUS) and enhanced imaging colonoscopy in the diagnosis of early colorectal cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODS: the study included 78 patients with epithelial rectal tumor. All the patients underwent multiparametric ERUS and colonoscopy with examination by narrow beam imaging (NBI) at optical magnification. All the patients were operated.RESULTS: a morphological examination removed specimens revealed adenomas in 48 cases, in 19 specimens – adenocarcinomas in situ and T1, and in 11 specimens – adenocarcinomas with invasion of the muscle layer or deeper. When calculating the accuracy indicators of diagnostic methods for groups of patients with adenoma, Tis-T1 adenocarcinoma, and T2-T3 adenocarcinoma, the difference in the sensitivity and specificity of the methods in none of the presented groups did not reach the level of statistical significance (p>0.05).ROC analysis showed that ultrasound has a prognostic value comparable to colonoscopy. The area difference was 0.013 (p=0.85).CONCLUSION: endoscopy and ultrasound have similar value in the diagnosis of malignant transformation of rectal adenomas.

Diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage before the era of computed tomography

2013 ◽  
Vol 154 (44) ◽  
pp. 1743-1746
Author(s):  
Gergely Hofgárt ◽  
Rita Szepesi ◽  
Bertalan Vámosi ◽  
László Csiba
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Cranial Computed Tomography ◽  
Cerebral Stroke ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: During the past decades there has been a great progress in neuroimaging methods. Cranial computed tomography is part of the daily routine now and its use allows a fast diagnosis of parenchymal hemorrhage. However, before the availability of computed tomography the differentiation between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke was based on patient history, physical examination, percutan angiography and cerebrospinal fluid sampling, and the clinical utility could be evaluated by autopsy of deceased patients. Aim: The authors explored the diagnostic performance of cerebrospinal fluid examination for the diagnosis of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Method: Data of 200 deceased stroke patients were retrospectively evaluated. All patients had liquor sampling at admission and all of them had brain autopsy. Results: Bloody or yellowish cerebrospinal fluid at admission had a positive predictive value of 87.5% for hemorrhagic stroke confirmed by autopsy, while clear cerebrospinal fluid had positive predictive value of 90.7% for ischemic stroke. Patients who had clear liquor, but autopsy revealed hemorrhagic stroke had higher protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.09). Conclusions: The results confirm the importance of pathological evaluation of the brain in cases deceased from cerebral stroke. With this article the authors wanted to salute for those who contributed to the development of the Hungarian neuropathology. In this year we remember the 110th anniversary of the birth, and the 60th anniversary of the death of professor Kálmán Sántha. Professor László Molnár would be 90 years old in 2013. Orv. Hetil., 154 (44), 1743–1746.

Clinical Study of Qingpeng Ointment Treatment of Shoulder-Hand Syndrome After Cerebral Hemorrhage During the Rehabilitation Period

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruihuan Pan ◽  
Shanshan Ling ◽  
Haodong Yang ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Lechang Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Cerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Tibetan Medicine ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
The Difference

Background: Shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS) refers to a syndrome causing sudden edema, shoulder pain and limited hand function. Qingpeng ointment, a kind of Tibetan medicine, can reduce swelling, relieve pain, tonify stagnation and clear the meridians, which is consistent with the pathological mechanism of SHS after stroke. Therefore, if clinical trials can be used to explore the effectiveness of Qingpeng ointment for treatment of poststroke SHS and promote its application in clinical medicine, this is of specific significance for the treatment of poststroke SHS. Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of Qingpeng ointment in the treatment of poststroke SHS. To provide an objective basis for a better therapeutic treatment for poststroke SHS． Method: A prospective, randomized, controlled study was conducted. This study recruited 120 patients with poststroke SHS who met the inclusion criteria. They were randomized into the treatment group and the control group, with 60 patients allocated to each group. The treatment group received routine medical treatment and rehabilitative care after using the Qingpeng ointment, while the patients in the control group received only routine treatment without the ointment. All patients received clinical assessment with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), measurement of the range of motion (ROM) of the upper-limb joints, the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Upper Extremity (FMA-U) and the Modified Barthel Index Score (MBI) before and after the whole treatment. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, the VAS scores of both groups were decreased significantly (P＜0.05), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There is no statistical significance for the difference between the treatment group and control group in terms of the FMA-U and MBI scores and the forward bend, backward, outstretch, external rotation and pronation angles after treatment. The increases in the values of VAS, FMA-M and MBI in the treatment group were greater than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The increases in the values of the forward bend, outreach and external rotation angles in the treatment group were greater than those in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The treatment group showed better results than the control group in terms of the relief of pain symptoms, the improvement of motor function and the improvement of the activities of daily living for patients with shoulder-hand syndrome after cerebral hemorrhage. Qingpeng ointment is effective and safe in treating poststroke SHS.

scholarly journals Busulfan plus melphalan versus melphalan alone conditioning regimen after bortezomib based triplet induction chemotherapy for patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062072110129
Author(s):  
Songyi Park ◽  
Dong-Yeop Shin ◽  
Junshik Hong ◽  
Inho Kim ◽  
Youngil Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Induction Chemotherapy ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Conditioning Regimen ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cell Engraftment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Dose Melphalan

Background: High dose melphalan (HDMEL) is considered the standard conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in multiple myeloma (MM) patients. Recent studies showed superiority of busulfan plus melphalan (BUMEL) compared to HDMEL as a conditioning regimen. We compared the efficacy of HDMEL and BUMEL in newly diagnosed Asian MM patients, who are often underrepresented. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study including MM patients who underwent ASCT after bortezomib-thalidomide-dexamethasone (VTD) triplet induction chemotherapy between January 2015 and August 2019. Result: In the end, 79 patients in the HDMEL group were compared to 31 patients in the BUMEL group. There were no differences between the two groups with regards to sex, age at ASCT, risk group, and stage. The HDMEL group showed better response to pre-transplant VTD compared to BUMEL, but after ASCT the BUMEL group showed better overall response. In terms of progression-free survival (PFS), although BUMEL showed trends towards better PFS regardless of pre-transplant status and age, the difference did not reach statistical significance. The BUMEL group more often experienced mucositis related to chemotherapy, but there was no difference between the two groups with regards to hospitalization days, cell engraftment, and infection rates. Conclusion: BUMEL conditioning deserves attention as the alternative option to HDMEL for newly diagnosed MM patients, even in the era of triplet induction chemotherapy. Specifically, patients achieving very good partial response (VGPR) or better response with triplet induction chemotherapy might benefit the most from BUMEL conditioning. Tailored conditioning regimen, based on patient’s response to induction chemotherapy and co-morbidities, can lead to better treatment outcomes.

Resistance to Outflow of Cerebrospinal Fluid Determined by Bolus Injection Technique and Constant Rate Steady State Infusion in Humans

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kosteljanetz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Infusion Technique

Abstract Two methods for the determination of resistance to the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid, the bolus injection technique and the constant rate steady state infusion technique, were compared. Thirty-two patients with a variety of intracranial diseases (usually communicating hydrocephalus) were studied. There was a high degree of correlation between the resistance values obtained with the two methods, but values based on the bolus injection technique were systematically and statistically significantly lower than those obtained with the constant rate infusion test. From a practical point of view. both methods were found to be applicable in a clinical setting.

scholarly journals Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry (RAPID): an expert consensus-based statement

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayakumar Jayaraman ◽  
Vineet Dhar ◽  
Kevin J. Donly ◽  
Ekta Priya ◽  
Daniela P. Raggio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Pediatric Dentistry ◽  
Reporting Guidelines ◽  
Expert Consensus ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Executive Group

Abstract Background Reporting guidelines for different study designs are currently available to report studies with accuracy and transparency. There is a need to develop supplementary guideline items that are specific to areas within Pediatric Dentistry. This study aims to develop Reporting stAndards for research in PedIatric Dentistry (RAPID) guidelines using a pre-defined expert consensus-based Delphi process. Methods The development of the RAPID guidelines was based on the Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines. Following a comprehensive search of the literature, the Executive Group identified ten themes in Pediatric Dentistry and compiled a draft checklist of items under each theme. The themes were categorized as: General, Oral Medicine, Pathology and Radiology, Children with Special Health Care Needs, Sedation and Hospital Dentistry, Behavior Guidance, Dental Caries, Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, Pulp Therapy, Traumatology, and Interceptive Orthodontics. A RAPID Delphi Group (RDG) was formed comprising of 69 members from 15 countries across six continents. Items were scored using a 9-point rating Likert scale. Items achieving a score of seven and above, marked by at least 70% of RDG members were accepted into the RAPID checklist items. Weighted mean scores were calculated for each item. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05 and one-way ANOVA was used to calculate the difference in the weighted mean scores between the themes. Results The final RAPID checklist comprised of 128 items that were finalized and approved by the RDG members in the online consensus meeting. The percentage for high scores (scores 7 to 9) ranged from 69.57 to 100% for individual items. The overall weighted mean score of the final items ranged from 7.51 to 8.28 (out of 9) and the difference was statistically significant between the themes (p < 0.05). Conclusions The RAPID statement provides guidance to researchers, authors, reviewers and editors, to ensure that all elements relevant to particular studies are adequately reported.

scholarly journals Cyclic fatigue resistance of 2Shape, Twisted File and EndoSequence Xpress nickel-titanium rotary files at intracanal temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülşah Uslu ◽  
Taha Özyürek ◽  
Mustafa Gündoğar ◽  
Koray Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cyclic Fatigue ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inner Diameter ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Number Of Cycles ◽  
Analyze Data

Background. The aim of this study was to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of 2Shape, Twisted File (TF) and EndoSequence Xpress (ESX) nickel-titanium rotary files at intracanal temperature (35°C). Methods. Twenty 2Shape TS1 (25/.04), 20 TF (25/.04) and 20 ESX (25/.04) files were tested for cyclic fatigue at intracanal temperature (35°C). All the instruments were rotated in artificial canals which were made of stainless steel with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, 60° angle of curvature and a radius curvature of 5 mm until fracture occurred; the time to fracture was recorded in seconds using a digital chronometer and the number of cycles to fracture (NCF) for each file was calculated. Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni correction was performed to statistically analyze data using SPSS 21.0. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. NCF values revealed that the 2Shape had significantly the highest cyclic fatigue resistance, followed by TF and ESX at intracanal temperature (P<0.05). The difference was significant between the TF and ESX groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference among the 2Shape, TF and ESX files with respect to the lengths of the fractured file fragments (P>.05). Conclusion. Within the limitations of present study, it was concluded that the cyclic fatigue resistance of 2Shape files at the intracanal temperature is higher than that of TF and ESX files.

scholarly journals Large numbers of vertebrates began rapid population decline in the late 19th century

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (49) ◽  
pp. 14079-14084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haipeng Li ◽  
Jinggong Xiang-Yu ◽  
Guangyi Dai ◽  
Zhili Gu ◽  
Chen Ming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Difference

Accelerated losses of biodiversity are a hallmark of the current era. Large declines of population size have been widely observed and currently 22,176 species are threatened by extinction. The time at which a threatened species began rapid population decline (RPD) and the rate of RPD provide important clues about the driving forces of population decline and anticipated extinction time. However, these parameters remain unknown for the vast majority of threatened species. Here we analyzed the genetic diversity data of nuclear and mitochondrial loci of 2,764 vertebrate species and found that the mean genetic diversity is lower in threatened species than in related nonthreatened species. Our coalescence-based modeling suggests that in many threatened species the RPD began ∼123 y ago (a 95% confidence interval of 20–260 y). This estimated date coincides with widespread industrialization and a profound change in global living ecosystems over the past two centuries. On average the population size declined by ∼25% every 10 y in a threatened species, and the population size was reduced to ∼5% of its ancestral size. Moreover, the ancestral size of threatened species was, on average, ∼22% smaller than that of nonthreatened species. Because the time period of RPD is short, the cumulative effect of RPD on genetic diversity is still not strong, so that the smaller ancestral size of threatened species may be the major cause of their reduced genetic diversity; RPD explains 24.1–37.5% of the difference in genetic diversity between threatened and nonthreatened species.

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