Genetic analysis of developmental mechanisms in hydra. XIX. Stimulation of regeneration by injury in the regeneration-deficient mutant strain, reg-16

Development ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-528
Author(s):  
E. Kobatake ◽  
T. Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Regenerative Capacity ◽  
Activation Level ◽  
Original Number ◽  
Morphogenetic Potential ◽  
Hydra Magnipapillata ◽  
Strain Mechanisms ◽  
Stimulation Of

A mutant strain of Hydra magnipapillata, reg-16, has a very low regenerative capacity. After head removal, it usually restores 10–20% of the original number of tentacles in 7 days. A procedure was found to markedly improve tentacle regeneration in this strain. The closed wound located at the apical regenerating tip of the decapitated polyp was gently reopened using a pair of forceps. Reg-16 polyps treated in this way at 24 and 48 h after head removal restored nearly all of the original number of tentacles in 7 days. A lateral tissue transplantation procedure was employed to examine the effect of wound reopening on the morphogenetic potential of decapitated reg-16 polyps. Wound reopening produced a significant increase in head activation level without producing a preceding decrease in head inhibition level. This and other observations suggest that the coupled activation-inhibition changes that normally occur after head removal from the wild-type hydra do not occur in this strain. Mechanisms responsible for the wound reopening effect and the absence of activation-inhibition coupling in the mutant strain reg-16 are discussed.

scholarly journals A New Transformation-Deficient Mutant ofHaemophilus influenzae Rd with Normal DNA Uptake

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Gwinn ◽  
R. Ramanathan ◽  
H. O. Smith ◽  
J.-F. Tomb
Keyword(s):  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Competence Development ◽  
Transformation Frequency ◽  
Dna Uptake ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ofhaemophilus Influenzae

ABSTRACT Haemophilus influenzae Rd is a gram-negative natural transformer. A mutant strain, RJ248, that has normal DNA uptake and translocation but whose transformation frequency is 300 times lower than that of wild-type H. influenzae and whose phage recombination is 8 times lower was isolated. The affected gene,comM, is induced during competence development in wild-typeH. influenzae but not in RJ248.

scholarly journals Role of Porphyromonas gingivalis FeoB2 in Metal Uptake and Oxidative Stress Protection

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 4214-4223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia He ◽  
Hiroshi Miyazaki ◽  
Cecilia Anaya ◽  
Fan Yu ◽  
W. Andrew Yeudall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Atmospheric Oxygen ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Oxidative Stress Protection

ABSTRACT Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative anaerobic bacterium, is a recognized periodontopathogen. It exhibits a high degree of aerotolerance and is able to survive in host cells, indicating that efficient oxidative stress protection mechanisms must be present in this organism. Manganese homeostasis plays a major role in oxidative stress protection in a variety of organisms; however, the transport and role of this metal in P. gingivalis is not well understood. Analysis of the genome of P. gingivalis W83 revealed the presence of two genes encoding homologs of a ferrous iron transport protein, FeoB1 and FeoB2. FeoB2 has been implicated in manganese accumulation in P. gingivalis. We sought to determine the role of the FeoB2 protein in metal transport as well as its contribution to resistance to oxygen radicals. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analyses demonstrated that expression of feoB2 is induced in the presence of oxygen. The role of FeoB2 was investigated using an isogenic mutant strain deficient in the putative transporter. We characterized the FeoB2-mediated metal transport using 55Fe2+ and 54Mn2+. The FeoB2-deficient mutant had dramatically reduced rates of manganese uptake (0.028 pmol/min/107 bacteria) compared with the parental strain (0.33 pmol/min/107 bacteria) (after 20 min of uptake using 50 nM of 54Mn2+). The iron uptake rates, however, were higher in the mutant strain (0.75 pmol/min/107 bacteria) than in the wild type (0.39 pmol/min/107 bacteria). Interestingly, reduced survival rates were also noted for the mutant strain after exposure to H2O2 and to atmospheric oxygen compared to the parental strain cultured under the same conditions. In addition, in vitro infection of host cells with the wild type, the FeoB2-deficient mutant, and the same-site revertant revealed that the mutant had a significantly decreased capability for intracellular survival in the host cells compared to the wild-type strain. Our results demonstrate that feoB2 encodes a major manganese transporter required for protection of the bacterium from oxidative stress generated by atmospheric oxygen and H2O2. Furthermore, we show that FeoB2 and acquisition of manganese are required for intracellular survival of P. gingivalis in host cells.

scholarly journals Peroxisome reintroduction in Hansenula polymorpha requires Pex25 and Rho1

2011 ◽  
Vol 193 (5) ◽  
pp. 885-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Saraya ◽  
Arjen M. Krikken ◽  
Marten Veenhuis ◽  
Ida J. van der Klei
Keyword(s):  
Mutant Strain ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Hansenula Polymorpha ◽  
Protein Family ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Double Deletion ◽  
Insight Into

We identified two proteins, Pex25 and Rho1, which are involved in reintroduction of peroxisomes in peroxisome-deficient yeast cells. These are, together with Pex3, the first proteins identified as essential for this process. Of the three members of the Hansenula polymorpha Pex11 protein family—Pex11, Pex25, and Pex11C—only Pex25 was required for reintroduction of peroxisomes into a peroxisome-deficient mutant strain. In peroxisome-deficient pex3 cells, Pex25 localized to structures adjacent to the ER, whereas in wild-type cells it localized to peroxisomes. Pex25 cells were not themselves peroxisome deficient but instead contained a slightly increased number of peroxisomes. Interestingly, pex11 pex25 double deletion cells, in which both peroxisome fission (due to the deletion of PEX11) and reintroduction (due to deletion of PEX25) was blocked, did display a peroxisome-deficient phenotype. Peroxisomes reappeared in pex11 pex25 cells upon synthesis of Pex25, but not of Pex11. Reintroduction in the presence of Pex25 required the function of the GTPase Rho1. These data therefore provide new and detailed insight into factors important for de novo peroxisome formation in yeast.

scholarly journals The role of Zur-regulated lipoprotein A in bacterial morphology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and production of outer membrane vesicles in Acinetobacter baumannii

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nayeong Kim ◽  
Hyo Jeong Kim ◽  
Man Hwan Oh ◽  
Se Yeon Kim ◽  
Mi Hyun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bacterial Morphology

Abstract Background Zinc uptake-regulator (Zur)-regulated lipoprotein A (ZrlA) plays a role in bacterial fitness and overcoming antimicrobial exposure in Acinetobacter baumannii. This study further characterized the zrlA gene and its encoded protein and investigated the roles of the zrlA gene in bacterial morphology, antimicrobial susceptibility, and production of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in A. baumannii ATCC 17978. Results In silico and polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that the zrlA gene was conserved among A. baumannii strains with 97–100% sequence homology. Recombinant ZrlA protein exhibited a specific enzymatic activity of D-alanine-D-alanine carboxypeptidase. Wild-type A. baumannii exhibited more morphological heterogeneity than a ΔzrlA mutant strain during stationary phase. The ΔzrlA mutant strain was more susceptible to gentamicin than the wild-type strain. Sizes and protein profiles of OMVs were similar between the wild-type and ΔzrlA mutant strains, but the ΔzrlA mutant strain produced 9.7 times more OMV particles than the wild-type strain. OMVs from the ΔzrlA mutant were more cytotoxic in cultured epithelial cells than OMVs from the wild-type strain. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that A. baumannii ZrlA contributes to bacterial morphogenesis and antimicrobial resistance, but its deletion increases OMV production and OMV-mediated host cell cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Effects of Combination of Different −10 Hexamers and Downstream Sequences on Stationary-Phase-Specific Sigma Factor ςS-Dependent Transcription in Pseudomonas putida

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (23) ◽  
pp. 6707-6713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eve-Ly Ojangu ◽  
Andres Tover ◽  
Riho Teras ◽  
Maia Kivisaar
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Sigma Factor ◽  
Sigma Factors ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Silent Genes ◽  
Rna Polymerase Holoenzyme

ABSTRACT The main sigma factor activating gene expression, necessary in stationary phase and under stress conditions, is ςS. In contrast to other minor sigma factors, RNA polymerase holoenzyme containing ςS (EςS) recognizes a number of promoters which are also recognized by that containing ς70 (Eς70). We have previously shown that transposon Tn4652 can activate silent genes in starvingPseudomonas putida cells by creating fusion promoters during transposition. The sequence of the fusion promoters is similar to the ς70-specific promoter consensus. The −10 hexameric sequence and the sequence downstream from the −10 element differ among these promoters. We found that transcription from the fusion promoters is stationary phase specific. Based on in vivo experiments carried out with wild-type and rpoS-deficient mutant P. putida, the effect of ςS on transcription from the fusion promoters was established only in some of these promoters. The importance of the sequence of the −10 hexamer has been pointed out in several published papers, but there is no information about whether the sequences downstream from the −10 element can affect ςS-dependent transcription. Combination of the −10 hexameric sequences and downstream sequences of different fusion promoters revealed that ςS-specific transcription from these promoters is not determined by the −10 hexameric sequence only. The results obtained in this study indicate that the sequence of the −10 element influences ςS-specific transcription in concert with the sequence downstream from the −10 box.

scholarly journals RpoS-Dependent Stress Response and Exoenzyme Production in Vibrio vulnificus

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 6114-6120 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hülsmann ◽  
T. M. Rosche ◽  
I.-S. Kong ◽  
H. M. Hassan ◽  
D. M. Beam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Vibrio Vulnificus ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hydrolytic Activities ◽  
In The Wild

ABSTRACT Vibrio vulnificus is an estuarine bacterium capable of causing rapidly fatal infections through both ingestion and wound infection. Like other opportunistic pathogens, V. vulnificus must adapt to potentially stressful environmental changes while living freely in seawater, upon colonization of the oyster gut, and upon infection of such diverse hosts as humans and eels. In order to begin to understand the ability of V. vulnificus to respond to such stresses, we examined the role of the alternate sigma factor RpoS, which is important in stress response and virulence in many pathogens. An rpoS mutant of V. vulnificus strain C7184o was constructed by homologous recombination. The mutant strain exhibited a decreased ability to survive diverse environmental stresses, including exposure to hydrogen peroxide, hyperosmolarity, and acidic conditions. The most striking difference was a high sensitivity of the mutant to hydrogen peroxide. Albuminase, caseinase, and elastase activity were detected in the wild type but not in the mutant strain, and an additional two hydrolytic activities (collagenase and gelatinase) were reduced in the mutant strain compared to the wild type. Additionally, the motility of the rpoS mutant was severely diminished. Overall, these studies suggest that rpoS in V. vulnificus is important for adaptation to environmental changes and may have a role in virulence.

scholarly journals Establishing Virulence Associated Polyphosphate Kinase 2 as a drug target for Mycobacterium tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamta Singh ◽  
Prabhakar Tiwari ◽  
Garima Arora ◽  
Sakshi Agarwal ◽  
Saqib Kidwai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Inorganic Polyphosphate ◽  
Phosphate Donor ◽  
Microbial Stress

Abstract Inorganic polyphosphate (PolyP) plays an essential role in microbial stress adaptation, virulence and drug tolerance. The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis encodes for two polyphosphate kinases (PPK-1, Rv2984 and PPK-2, Rv3232c) and polyphosphatases (ppx-1, Rv0496 and ppx-2, Rv1026) for maintenance of intracellular PolyP levels. Microbial polyphosphate kinases constitute a molecular mechanism, whereby microorganisms utilize PolyP as phosphate donor for synthesis of ATP. In the present study we have constructed ppk-2 mutant strain of M. tuberculosis and demonstrate that PPK-2 enzyme contributes to its ability to cause disease in guinea pigs. We observed that ppk-2 mutant strain infected guinea pigs had significantly reduced bacterial loads and tissue pathology in comparison to wild type infected guinea pigs at later stages of infection. We also report that in comparison to the wild type strain, ppk-2 mutant strain was more tolerant to isoniazid and impaired for survival in THP-1 macrophages. In the present study we have standardized a luciferase based assay system to identify chemical scaffolds that are non-cytotoxic and inhibit M. tuberculosis PPK-2 enzyme. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study demonstrating feasibility of high throughput screening to obtain small molecule PPK-2 inhibitors.

RHYTHMS IN BLUE-LIGHT-INDUCED CONIDIATION OF WILD TYPE AND A MUTANT STRAIN OF Trichoderma harzianum

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERALD F. DEITZER ◽  
BENJAMIN A. Horwitz ◽  
Jonathan Gressel
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Mutant Strain ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Wild Type
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