Determination of the unequal fate of cotyledons of a one-leaf plant, Monophyllaea

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (7) ◽  
pp. 1275-1280
Author(s):  
H. Tsukaya
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

One-leaf plants, belonging to the family Gesneriaceae, were described for the first time more than 150 years ago. One such unusual plant, Monophyllaea, has only one leaf at maturity. Only one of the two cotyledons grows continuously, without the formation of true leaves, and this feature, known as anisocotyledonous development, has been repeatedly mentioned in textbooks of plant morphology. However, the mechanism for the determination of the one-leaf phenotype remains to be ascertained. In this study, meristematic regions were identified, by monitoring DNA synthesis, at the base of both cotyledons just after germination, while no such regions were found in the shoot apex. Surgical experiments with seedlings and analysis of the anisocotyledonous development revealed that the fate of the cotyledons is determined during their growth. Anisocotyledonous development seems to be the result of competition between the two cotyledons. The mechanism that governs the development of the shoot in the genus Monophyllaea is discussed in relation to apical dominance, which is the common mechanism that regulates shoot development in many plants.

scholarly journals Pomiędzy tradycją zakonu a tradycją rodu – treści ideowe fasady kościoła Benedyktynek pw. św. Katarzyny w Wilnie

Artifex Novus ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 58-75
Author(s):  
Anna Sylwia Czyż
Keyword(s):  
Community Life ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Common ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Church ◽  
Grand Duchy

ABSTRAKT Sprowadzone do Wilna między 1616 a 1618 r. benedyktynki utworzyły niewielką i skromnie uposażoną wspólnotę. Ich sytuacja zmieniła się w 1692 r., kiedy to dzięki bogatym zapisom Feliksa Jana Paca mogły wystawić murowany kościół konsekrowany w 1703 r. Hojność podkomorzego litewskiego nie była przypadkowa, bowiem do wileńskich benedyktynek wstąpiły jego córki Sybilla i Anna, jedyne potomstwo jakie po sobiepozostawił. Z nich szczególne znaczenie dla dziejów klasztoru miała Sybilla (Magdalena) Pacówna, która w 1704 r. została wybrana ksienią. Nie tylko odnowiła ona życie wspólnoty, ale stała się również jedną z najważniejszych postaci ówczesnego Wilna. Po pożarze w 1737 r. Sybilla Pacówna energicznie przystąpiła do odbudowy klasztoru i kościoła, którą kończyła już jej następczyni Joanna Rejtanówna. Wzniesioną wówczas według projektu Jana Krzysztofa Glaubitza fasadę ozdobiono stiukowo-metalową dekoracją o indywidualnie zaplanowanym programie ideowym odwołującym się i do tradycji zakonnej i rodowej – pacowskiej. W fasadzie wyeksponowano ideały związane z życiem benedyktyńskim sytuując je wśród aluzji o konieczności walki na płaszczyźnie ducha i ciała, włączając w militarną symbolikę także konieczność walki z wrogami Kościoła i ojczyzny oraz charakterystyczną dla duchowości benedyktyńskiej pobożność związaną z krzyżem w typie karawaka oraz zOpatrznością Bożą. Jednocześnie przypominano o bogactwie powołań w klasztorze benedyktynek wileńskich przyrównując mniszki do lilii. Porównanie to dzięki obecności w fasadzie herbu Gozdawa (podwójna lilia) oraz powszechnego w XVII i XVIII w. zwyczaju określania Paców „Liliatami” można było odnosić także do ich rodu, w tym do zasłużonej dla klasztoru ksieni Sybilli. Tak mocne wyeksponowanie fundatorów było nie tylko chęciąupamiętnia darczyńców, ale wraz z całym architektonicznym i plastycznym wystrojem świątyni wiązało się z koniecznością stworzenia przeciwwagi dla nowego i prężnie rozwijającego się pod patronatem elity litewskiej klasztoru Wwizytek w Wilnie. Przy tym charakter dekoracji fasady kościoła pw. św. Katarzyny wpisuje się w inne fundacje Paców: kościół pw. św. Teresy i kościół pw. śś. Piotra i Pawła będąc ostatnią ważną inicjatywą artystyczną rodu w stolicy Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego. SUMMARY The Benedictines, who had been brought to Vilnius between 1616 and 1618, formed a small and modest community. Thanks to the generous legacy of Feliks Jan Pac, in 1692 their situation changed as they could erect a brick church, which was then consecrated in 1703. The generosity of the Lithuanian chamberlain was not a coincidence; his two daughters, Sybilla and Anna, the only offspring he left, had joined the Benedictine Sisters in Vilnius. Sybilla (Magdalena) Pac, who became an abbess in 1704, was particularly important for the history of the monastery. Not only did she renew the community life, but she also became one of the most important personalities of the then Vilnius. After the fire in 1737 Sybilla Pac vigorously started rebuilding the monastery and the church, which was completed by her successor, Joanna Rejtan. The facade which was then erected after Johann Christoph Glaubitz’s design was adorned with stucco and metal decorations with a perfectly devised ideological programme which referred to the tradition of the order and to the one of the Pac family. The facade presented ideals connected with the Benedictine life, which placed them among the hints of having to fight at the level of spirit and body, incorporating among the military symbols also the need to fight the enemies of the Church and the state, and the typical for the Benedictine spirituality piety connected with the Caravaca cross and the Divine Providence. At the same time, it reminded of the Benedictine vocations comparing nuns to lilies. This comparison, due to the presence of the Gozdawa coat-of-arms (double lilie) and the common nickname of the Pac family in the 17th and 18th cc. “the Liliats”, could also apply to their lineage, including the abbess Sybilla and her services to the monastery. Exposing founders in such an emphatic way was not only the will to immortalise them, but was also, together with the entire architectural and artistic decor of the church, connected with the need to counterbalance the new and dynamicallydeveloping Visitation Monastery in Vilnius. At the same time, the nature of the facade decoration of the Church of St. Catherine is in line with other foundations of the Pac family: St Theresa’s Church and the St Peter and St Paul Church, and was the last significant artistic initiative of the family in thecapital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

scholarly journals Ectoparasites of the bats from karst caves of the nature reserve «Ichalkovsky Bor» (Nizhny Novgorod Region)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 122-126
Author(s):  
Galina Anatolievna Fadeeva ◽  
Elena Evgenievna Boryakova
Keyword(s):  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Karst Caves ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Volga Upland ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
Parasitic Mites ◽  
First Time

The fauna of parasitic mites of bats from the karst caves in the region of the Volga Upland was studied in 2004-2005. Six species of bats such as Daubentons water bat, Brandts bat, whiskered bat, pond bat, northern bat and long-eared bat were examined. 18 species of arthropods were detected, among them there are gamasid mites (10 species) and harvest mites (2 species). Leptotrombidium russicum (Oud., 1902) and Myotrombicula sp. were found for the first time in Central Russia. Spinturnix acuminatus (Koch, 1836), Steatonyssus spinosus (Willmann, 1936), Steatonyssus periblepharus (Kolenati, 1858), Macronyssus flavus (Kolenati, 1856) turned out to be the main group of parasites in this study. As for the insects flies of the family Nycteribiidae and fleas of the family Ischnopsyllidae were found. The cluster analysis of ectoparasite fauna has showed that they are more or less evenly distributed among all members of mixed colonies of bats, while there is no violation of specificity in the choice of hosts. Low values of the Berger-Parker index marked a lack of competition between species, which indicates the stability of parasitic communities formed on bats in mixed colonies and in natural habitats. This fact indicates a complex relationship between the parasites in the community on the one hand, and long-term existence of the community on the other hand. This, in its turn, shows that in long-evolving communities competitive relationships between parasites are obliterated, which gives them stability. Herewith the bat colony is used as an integral whole, although some parasitic species prefer certain types of hosts.

scholarly journals Lanostane-Type Saponins from Vitaliana primuliflora

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodarczyk ◽  
Szumny ◽  
Gleńsk
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Triterpenoid Saponins ◽  
The Family ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Markers ◽  
First Time

The phytochemistry of the genera Androsace, Cortusa, Soldanella, and Vitaliana, belonging to the Primulaceae family is not well studied so far. Hence, in this paper, we present the results of UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of several primrose family members as well as isolation and structure determination of two new saponins from Vitaliana primuliflora subsp. praetutiana. These two nor-triterpenoid saponins were characterized as (23S)-17α,23-epoxy-29-hydroxy-3β-[(O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-27-nor-lanost-8-en-25-one and (23S)-17α,23-epoxy-29-hydroxy-3β-[(O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl)oxy]-27-nor-lanost-8-en-25-one, respectively. Their structures were determined by high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1D-, and 2D-NMR) analyses. So far, the 27-nor-lanostane monodesmosides were rarely found in dicotyledon plants. Therefore their presence in Vitaliana and also in Androsace species belonging to the Aretia section is unique and reported here for the first time. Additionally, eleven other saponins were determined by HRMS and MS/MS spectra. The isolated lanostane saponins can be considered as chemotaxonomic markers of the family Primulaceae.

scholarly journals Present state of knowledge on the family Begoniaceae CA Agardh (Magnoliopsida) of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
PK Deb ◽  
MA Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
New Records ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
Generic Family ◽  
Term Field

The inventory and assessment of species diversity in the mono-generic family Begoniaceae C. A. Agardh of Bangladesh were made through long term field investigations, collections, identification, survey and examination of preserved herbarium specimens and review of relevant taxonomic and floristic literature. The family is recognized to be represented in the flora of Bangladesh by 19 species under the genus Begonia L. Of these, 11 species were known to be previously recorded from the area of Bangladesh, hence additional 8 species of the present account are being reported here for the first time as new records from Bangladesh, these are: Begonia grandis Dryand. ssp. holostylla Irmsch. , B. heracleifolia Cham. and Schltdl. Cult., B. maculata Raddi Cult. B. modestiflora Kurz, B. muliensis T. T. Yu. Cult., B. scintillans Dunn, B. surculigera Kurz and B. thomsonii A. DC. An enumeration of these 19 species is prepared, and each species is cited with detailed taxonomic data. All species of the Begonia L. are herbaceous in nature and possess potential economic values, viz. 11 (52%) medicinal, 5 (24%) ornamental, 3 (14%) beverage, 1 (5%) food and 1 (5%) poisonous. Determination of status of occurrence showed that 2 (10.53%) species are common, 5 (26.32%) cultivated, 9 (47.36%) threatened and 3 (15.79%) possibly extinct in Bangladesh. Field photographs and hand drawings of recorded taxa are provided.J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2018, 4(1): 35-46

REGIONAL INEQUALITIES OF CHILDREN DISABILITY INCIDENCE IN LITHUANIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Juozas Raistenskis ◽  
Zdislav Skvarciany ◽  
Romualdas Gurevičius
Keyword(s):  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Statistical Program ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Direct Standardization

Declining birth rates, increasing number of diseases and injuries among children, socio-economical change in the situation of the country, as well as other social, health - and economics-related factors are the main reasons for greater interest of scientists in research on the social and health disparities in the counties (municipalities and districts). This paper analyzes the inequalities in first-time recognized children’s disability in counties of Lithuania during the period of 2007-2011. Aim of the study. To analyze incidences of the firsttime recognized children’s disability in Lithuania from 2007 to 2011 and to compare the parameters of the first-time recognized children’s disability incidence in 10 counties, taking into account variability of disability incidence inside the counties. Methods. The study used the data on the initial determination of disability in children, taken from Disability and Working Capacity Assessment Office under the Ministry of Social Security and Labor from 2007-2011. For the usage of further statistical index, the information on the number of citizens was taken from the database of Department of Statistics of the Republic of Lithuania. The indicators were age-standardized using the direct standardization method and the statistical program “WinPepi”. For the variation analysis of country’s regional disparities the One-way ANOVA test was applied. Results. During the analyzed period (2007-2011) in Lithuania some form of disability was found in 10649 children under the age of 18, of whom 6,219 - boys (58,0 percent) and 4,430 - girls (42,0 percent). The largest newly-recognized children’s disability averages in 2007-2011 were found in the region of Šiauliai (43,68 ± 1,70), Panevėžys county (41,55 ± 1,96) and Utena county (41,53 ± 6,27). In boys’ group - Šiauliai county (51,64 ± 1,53), Telšiai county (47,72 ± 10,61), Utena county (46,69 ± 7,83) and Panevėžys county (45,61 ± 2,59). In girls’ group - Panevėžys (37,14 ± 2,31 ), Šiauliai (35,33 ± 2,47), and Utena (36,16 ± 5,11) c o unties. In both girls’ and boys’ groups statistically significant differences (p0.05) in newly recognized children’s disability incidence in the country’s counties were found. Conclusions. The conducted variation analysis of children’s disability at t h e age of 0-17 y.o. in the period of 2007-2011 throughout the country’s counties, revealed inequalities among the counties. The biggest differences in newly determined disability in children in comparison with other counties of the country were found among Šiauliai, Utena, and Panevėžys counties.

scholarly journals Recombination of Feline calicivirus within an endemically infected cat colony

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 921-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Coyne ◽  
F. C. Reed ◽  
C. J. Porter ◽  
S. Dawson ◽  
R. M. Gaskell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Virus ◽  
Recombination Event ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
Feline Calicivirus ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distinct Strain ◽  
First Time

To understand the evolution of the family Caliciviridae, the persistence of Feline calicivirus (FCV) was studied within an endemically infected cat colony. Polymerase and capsid sequences were analysed for 34 FCV isolates obtained over a 4 year period. Initially, the colony was infected with one strain of virus, but a second distinct strain was later identified. Subsequently, the emergence of a recombinant virus was observed, containing elements of both of the strains circulating within the colony. The recombination event mapped close to the ORF1/ORF2 junction. This is consistent with recombination in other caliciviruses, suggesting a common mechanism within this family. This is the first report of recombination within the genus Vesivirus in the family Caliciviridae and the first time that a recombination event has been observed where the parental strains have also been identified.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version of the Fatigue Assessment Scale in Iranian Sarcoidosis Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1310-1314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Lookzadeh ◽  
Arda Kiani ◽  
Kimia Taghavi ◽  
Shirin Kianersi ◽  
Habib Emami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
English Version ◽  
Fatigue Assessment ◽  
Methodological Research ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

INTRODUCTION: Fatigue is one of the common symptoms of sarcoidosis, which occurs in about 50-70% of patients.AIM: Considering that there are no valid Iranian questionnaires for evaluating fatigue in sarcoidosis, in the present study, for the first time, we translated Fatigue Questionnaire into Persean and evaluated its validity and reliability among Iranian patients with sarcoidosis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: In methodological research, English version of Fatigue assessment scale (FAS) 10 items questionnaire which is designed to assess physical or mental fatigue in chronic disease patients, was translated into Persian and back-translated into English. Its validity and reliability were studied on the one hundred and thirteen confirmed sarcoidosis patients are referring to respiratory referral hospital of Iran. Reliability analysis was performed by estimation of Cronbach`s alpha test.RESULTS: According to the cut-off point of 22.84 (74%) of the studied patients were suffering from fatigue. The internal consistency calculation revealed that the alpha value of the physical fatigue and mental fatigue was 0.945 and 0.896, respectively.CONCLUSION: We concluded that the existence of questions number 4 and 10 in the questionnaire reduces the continuity of the questions, and therefore we suggest applying the FAS questionnaire without the two questions 4 and 10. This study showed that FAS questionnaire was very practical and can routinely be applied to assess the fatigue scale in sarcoidosis patients.

scholarly journals Phytogeographical origin of Madeiran common beans based on phaseolin patterns

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 863-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Marques da Silva ◽  
Anísia Soraia Abreu Correia ◽  
Nuno Alexandre Amaral Lopes ◽  
Humberto Gil Moreira Nóbrega ◽  
José Filipe Teixeira Ganança ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Common Beans ◽  
Chip Technology ◽  
Electrophoresis System ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
Pearson Correlations

The objective of this work was to determine the geographic origin of the Madeiran common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) gene pool. Phaseolin patterns of 50 accessions representing the diversity of common bean collected in Madeira, Portugal, and conserved in the ISOPlexis Germplasm Bank, were analysed using the Experion automated electrophoresis system, based on lab-on-a-chip technology. Five common bean standard varieties with typical phaseolin patterns were used to determine the phytogeographical origin of the Madeiran common bean accessions. Ninety two percent of the accessions exhibited a phaseolin pattern consistent with the one of common bean types belonging to the Andean gene pool, while the origin of the remaining 8% of the accessions was indistinguishable. The application of a similarity coefficient of 85%, based on Pearson correlations, increases the number of accessions with uncertain pattern. The analytical approach used permitted the determination of the origin of the common bean gene pool, which is Andean in 98% of the cases, and clustering of the observed variability among the Madeiran common beans.

scholarly journals Classification of Wolf-Rayet stars in NGC 595 in M 33 through high-spatial resolution observations

2003 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 572-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Royer ◽  
Ingemar Lundström ◽  
Jean-Marie Vreux
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Angular Resolution ◽  
High Angular Resolution ◽  
Photometric Technique ◽  
H Ii Region ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rayet Star

NGC 595 is, after NGC 604, the second most luminous H ii region in the Milky Way's neighbouring spiral galaxy M 33. Its Wolf-Rayet star content has mainly been unveiled by two different channels. On the one hand, the stellar population of NGC 595 has been resolved and its WR stars identified through online/off-line H ii λ4686 observations realised with the HST. Nevertheless, due to the limited number of filters used, this did not give any information on the WR spectral subtypes. On the other hand, spectroscopic observations of NGC 595, realised at optical and ultraviolet wavelengths, have enabled the determination of some spectral subtypes, but this time, the lack of angular resolution did not allow to resolve the whole population. Thanks to our photometric technique, based on five dedicated narrow-band filters, we present here a determination of the spectral subtypes of NGC 595 WR stars which for the first time combines high-angular resolution and high-‘spectroscopic’ discrimination capabilities.

Globalism and the universal language

English Today ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulla Al-Dabbagh
Keyword(s):  
Common Language ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
International Language ◽  
Artificial Languages ◽  
Universal Language ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One ◽  
European Thought ◽  
National Languages ◽  
First Time

Like so many other innovations, the idea of one common language for all mankind appeared for the first time, in European thought, during the Renaissance. It has been estimated that since then nearly ‘seven hundred such artificial languages’ have been tried. Undoubtedly, this had to do with the collapse of Latin as the common language of education, soon to be replaced by the various, rising national languages. Europe's great expansion overseas, in this epoch, also created the need for a unified vehicle of communication.In many ways, the world, and not just Europe, is now facing a similar challenge. While English has become the Latin of the contemporary world, such a position, one can say in the light of historical experience, has always been precarious. Whether English will be unanimously accepted as the one unifying, international language of the globe, whether it will share this role with one or more other languages, or whether an artificial language will be adopted for that purpose is the question that sooner or later we will all be facing.

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