scholarly journals The Elephant Curve of Global Inequality and Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Facundo Alvaredo ◽  
Lucas Chancel ◽  
Thomas Piketty ◽  
Emmanuel Saez ◽  
Gabriel Zucman
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Global Distribution ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
China And India ◽  
The World ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Distribution Of Income

We present new evidence on global inequality and growth since 1980 using the World and Wealth Income Database. We plot the curve of cumulated growth from 1980 to 2016 by percentile of the global distribution of income per adult. This curve has an elephant shape due to high growth rates at the median (fast growth in China and India), modest growth rates above the median, and explosive growth rates at the top. We project the evolution of global inequality between now and 2050 combining projected macro growth rates and within country inequality evolution based on past trends.

scholarly journals Income inequality and religion globally 1970–2050

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 175-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Navarro ◽  
Vegard Skirbekk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Global Inequality ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Affairs ◽  
Social Upheaval ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Age And Sex

Economic inequality is a paramount issue for the future of global affairs and interreligious relations. This study contributes to the field by providing the first ever estimates of global inequality by religion. We combine estimations and projections of religious compositions and distribution of income by age and sex across the world between 1970 and 2050. Understanding economic inequality from a religious dimension can contribute to decreasing tension, creating targeted pol-icies and reducing the risks of social upheaval and conflict. We find that in societies with higher proportions of religiously unaffiliated populations, income distribution is more equal than in religious ones. We also describe the inequality of distribution of income within religious groups and find that Christian and Jewish societies tend to be the most unequal, while inequality has risen substantially across all societies, concomitant with strong economic growth. Societies formed of Muslim, Hindu and unaffiliated populations are among the more equal ones. Muslim societies have experienced the highest rise in income inequality of all religions since 1990.

scholarly journals Main Trends in the Development of the Global E-Commerce Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 01035
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Merzlyakova ◽  
Irina Ershova ◽  
Evgeniy Bridskiy
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Business Entities

The advent of Internet technologies has contributed to the spread of e-commerce in many countries around the world. The Russian Federation is also developing rapidly. E-commerce participants are not individual organizations and enterprises. Currently, in all areas in which it is possible, business entities seek to use the options of distribution of goods and services to expand their activities. The activity of citizens in the field of e-commerce is increasing. Research shows high growth rates for e-commerce worldwide. The stable positive dynamics of the industry attracts more and more new participants focused on innovative solutions and new forms of business. The relevance of the topic is due to the need to analyze the trends in the development of commerce and determine its prospects in Russia.

Sibling cannibalism in noncannibal morph Ambystoma tigrinum larvae and its correlation with high growth rates and early metamorphosis

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1911-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lannoo ◽  
Leslie Lowcock ◽  
James P. Bogart
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Ambystoma Tigrinum ◽  
Sibling Cannibalism ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ambystoma Tigrinum Tigrinum

We describe here, for the first time, the existence of an Ambystoma tigrinum tigrinum larval morph characterized by fast growth rates and early metamorphosis and triggered by cannibalism. This new morph does not have the anatomical specializations of true A. tigrinum cannibal morphs, i.e., enlarged vomerine teeth and a wider head described previously by several workers. Functionally, however, this new morph and true cannibal morphs achieve the same end; high growth rates and early metamorphosis may facilitate survival in individuals inhabiting temporary and unpredictable wetlands.

scholarly journals FISH NUTRITION: BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS IN BRAZIL AND THE WORLD

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Marcelo Fanttini POLESE ◽  
Eduardo SHIMODA ◽  
Shaytner Campos DUARTE ◽  
Pedro Pierro MENDONÇA ◽  
Marcella Costa RADAEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Center Of Excellence ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

The Science of fish nutrition is an important issue and of great importance from the point of view of developing new diets with respect to the nutritional requirements of various fish species and the environment, with many published articles addressing the subject. The objective of this study was to make a bibliometric analysis to identify trends in publications worldwide and in Brazil. Took place during the month of December 2011, searches the Scopus base and recorded information related to the main countries, authors, publishing and institutions vehicles. The study revealed that Brazil, besides occupying Featured number of articles on the subject, including having a center of excellence in the subject, presented high growth rates of articles, compared to global rates. Further, it was found that most of the articles on the topic is concentrated in a few authors, institutions and journals.

GROWTH OF PIKE-PERCH SANDER LUCIOPERCA (L., 1758) (PERCIDAE) IN RESERVOIRS OF K. SATPAYEV’S CHANNEL

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Saule Zhangirovna Asylbekova ◽  
Kuanysh Baibulatovich Isbekov ◽  
Vladimir Nickolaevich Krainyuk
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Volga River ◽  
Trophic Resources ◽  
Pike Perch ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
Back Calculation ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors

Pike-perch is an invader for the water basins of Central Kazakhstan. These species have stable self-reproductive populations in the regional waters. Back calculation method was used to investigate pike-perch growth rates in reservoirs of K. Satpayev’s channel. For comparison, the data from the other water bodies (Vyacheslavsky and Sherubay-Nurinsky water reservoirs) were used, as well as literature data. Pike-perch species from the investigated waters don’t show high growth rates. The populations from the reservoirs of K. Satpayev’s channel have quite similar growth rates with populations from the Amur river, from a number of reservoirs in the Volga river basin and from the reservoir in Spain. Sexual differences in growth have not been observed. Evaluating possible influence of various abiotic and biotic factors on the growth rate of pike-perch in the reservoirs of K. Satpayev’s channel was carried out. It has been stated that the availability of trophic resources cannot play a key role in growth dynamics because of their high abundance. Morphology of water bodies also does not play a role, as well as chromaticity, turbidity and other optical water indicators. It can be supposed that the main factor influencing growth of pike perch is the habitat’s temperature. This factor hardly ever approaches optimal values for the species in reservoirs of K. Satpaev’s channel. The possible influence of fishing selectivity on pike-perch growth rates was also evaluated. Currently, there has been imposed a moratorium on pike-perch catch. However, pike-perch is found in by-catches and in catches of amateur fishermen. It should be said that such seizures have an insignificant role in the dynamics of growth rates.

Demand-side Energy Policy as an Alternative Energy Strategy for Pakistan

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-647
Author(s):  
Peter Pintz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
General Development ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

After the first oil-price shock of 1973, a search for new energy policies was started all over the world. Changing one fundamental concept - that relating to the general development of energy supply and consumption - was, however, out of the question. The pre-1973 trend of development was maintained. The energy elasticities did not change. The old forecasts were still held to be valid and were considered now, as earlier, to be the objectives which a successful energy policy had to achieve. This was considered a prerequisite for high growth rates of GNP and improvements in living conditions, and energy consumption was regarded as an indicator of the level of economic development. Therefore, the focus was shifted to an enlargement of the supply of indigenous energy resources as a substitute for imported energy, so that dependence on foreign countries could be minimized.

India as a Hub of Innovations for the Millions (I4M)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young People ◽  
New Products ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Base Of The Pyramid ◽  
Large Economy ◽  
The World

This chapter deals with Indian ‘innovations for the millions’ (I4M)—new products, processes, and institutional arrangements—that sustainably improve the quality of life of those at the base of the pyramid. Taking ten examples which originated from the private, public, NGO and cooperative sectors, the chapter suggests that these innovations are a response of the ‘elite of calling’ to the Indian paradox – high growth in a large economy, co-existing with a very large number at the base of the pyramid. The chapter argues that a more supportive ecosystem needs to be built to foster I4M, including reforms in regulation and taxation, and attracting bright young people. If that happens Indian I4M can serve billions at the base of the pyramid around the world.

Focusing on India’s Look East Policy: India–China relationship from 1947 to 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 223386592110183
Author(s):  
Kaushik Roy
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
International System ◽  
China Policy ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
China And India ◽  
The World

Before the onset of the industrial revolution, China and India were the two biggest powers in Eurasia. Their total population comprised almost half of the world’s population. And the GNP of premodern China was half of the combined GNP of the world. Before circa 1600 CE, most of the textiles and iron in the world were manufactured in these two countries. China and India suffered a temporary eclipse during the age of colonialism. However, with the rise of the economic and military power of China and India from the late 20th century, it seems that these two countries are bound to reclaim their traditional positions as big powers in the international system. However, there is a caveat. In the premodern era, the Himalayas prevented any intimate contact between the ‘dragon’ and the ‘elephant’. But, from the mid-20th century, advances in technology, economic competition and the annexation of Tibet by the People’s Republic of China (PRC) among other factors resulted in China and India coming into direct contact with each other. The result has been cooperation–competition–conflict. And this has had consequences not only for these two countries but for the whole world. The present article attempts to trace the troubled trajectory of India’s China policy from the late 1940s (when these two countries became independent) up to the present day.

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