The validity of video clips in the diagnosis of gait disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 333-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salih A Salih ◽  
Richard Wootton ◽  
Elaine Beller ◽  
Len Gray
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Clinical Documentation ◽  
Gait Disorder ◽  
Average Sensitivity ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Gait Abnormalities

We investigated the accuracy and validity of clinical gait assessment, performed by experienced geriatricians viewing video clips of 10 s duration. Nineteen patients with normal or characteristic abnormal gait patterns were studied. The treating physician's diagnosis served as the gold standard. Another live assessment was then performed by a geriatrician blinded to the medical record to establish inter-rater reliability of live assessments. Subsequently, each gait video clip was examined by two independent geriatricians without any background clinical documentation. Diagnostic accuracy was tested at two levels – whether the gait was abnormal, and the specific gait diagnosis. The agreement of the video clip examination with the gold standard to identify abnormal gait from normal gait ranged from substantial to excellent among assessors ( κ = 0.68–0.85), although low agreement with the gold standard was achieved in the detection of specific gait diagnosis (average agreement between both viewing geriatricians 50%). The technique appears to be a valid screening procedure for detecting gait abnormalities (average sensitivity 100%, specificity 70%).

EXPLOITING VISUAL CUES FOR LEARNING GAIT PATTERNS ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuhelee Roy ◽  
Geelapaturu Subrahmanya Venkata Radha Krish Rao ◽  
Savarimuthu, Margret Anouncia
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Gait Pattern ◽  
Shape Features ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Gait Abnormalities

Records of cases involving neurological disorders often exhibit abnormalities in the gait pattern of an individual. As mentioned in various articles, the causes of various gait disorders can be attributed to neurological disorders. Hence analysis of gait abnormalities can be a key to predict the type of neurological disorders as a part of early diagnosis. A number of sensor-based measurements have aided towards quantifying the degree of abnormalities in a gait pattern. A shape oriented motion based approach has been proposed in this paper to envisage the task of classifying an abnormal gait pattern into one of the five types of gait viz. Parkinsonian, Scissor, Spastic, Steppage and Normal gait. The motion and shape features for two cases viz. right-leg-front and left-leg-front will be taken into account. Experimental results of application on real-time videos suggest the reliability of the proposed method.

Gait disorders

2017 ◽  
pp. 513-520
Author(s):  
Stephanie Studenski ◽  
Jessie VanSwearingen
Keyword(s):  
Social Function ◽  
Gait Disorders ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Gait Disorder ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
The World ◽  
Gait Abnormalities ◽  
The Impact

Mobility is fundamental for living. As walking is the most common form of mobility for humans, disorders of gait impact multiple aspects of our existence, including independence, social function, health, and the ability to explore and understand ourselves in relation to the world. Because of the breadth of the impact of gait disorders, the intent of this chapter is to provide clinicians with an adequate background in the basic physiology and mechanics of normal gait, and an observational approach to recognize deviations from the normal pattern-types of gait abnormalities. While the type of gait disorder does not directly lead to the treatment prescription, we describe various approaches to the management (including assistive devices) and rehabilitation that may have potential to impact related gait abnormalities. Lastly, we highlight rising concerns and directions in the assessment and management of subclinical gait problems in walking.

scholarly journals Detection and Classification of Stroke Gaits by Deep Neural Networks Employing Inertial Measurement Units

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1864
Author(s):  
Fu-Cheng Wang ◽  
Szu-Fu Chen ◽  
Chin-Hsien Lin ◽  
Chih-Jen Shih ◽  
Ang-Chieh Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Gait Abnormality ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Targeted Treatments ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
Gait Abnormalities ◽  
Rehabilitation Strategies

This paper develops Deep Neural Network (DNN) models that can recognize stroke gaits. Stroke patients usually suffer from partial disability and develop abnormal gaits that can vary widely and need targeted treatments. Evaluation of gait patterns is crucial for clinical experts to make decisions about the medication and rehabilitation strategies for the stroke patients. However, the evaluation is often subjective, and different clinicians might have different diagnoses of stroke gait patterns. In addition, some patients may present with mixed neurological gaits. Therefore, we apply artificial intelligence techniques to detect stroke gaits and to classify abnormal gait patterns. First, we collect clinical gait data from eight stroke patients and seven healthy subjects. We then apply these data to develop DNN models that can detect stroke gaits. Finally, we classify four common gait abnormalities seen in stroke patients. The developed models achieve an average accuracy of 99.35% in detecting the stroke gaits and an average accuracy of 97.31% in classifying the gait abnormality. Based on the results, the developed DNN models could help therapists or physicians to diagnose different abnormal gaits and to apply suitable rehabilitation strategies for stroke patients.

Clinical skills and assessment

2012 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Limb Development ◽  
Gait Cycle ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
History Taking ◽  
Normal Variants ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Musculoskeletal Development ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Abnormal Gait

Epidemiology of paediatric musculoskeletal conditions 2History taking, physical examination, and approaches to investigation 4Normal variants of lower limb development 9The gait cycle and abnormal gait patterns 11Normal gait and musculoskeletal development 15pGALS: paediatric gait, arms, legs, spine musculoskeletal screening examination ...

scholarly journals The Actuation System of the Ankle Exoskeleton T-FLEX: First Use Experimental Validation in People with Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 412
Author(s):  
Daniel Gomez-Vargas ◽  
Felipe Ballen-Moreno ◽  
Patricio Barria ◽  
Rolando Aguilar ◽  
José M. Azorín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inertial Sensor ◽  
Movement Analysis ◽  
Biomechanical Analysis ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Actuation System ◽  
Abnormal Gait ◽  
Ankle Kinematics ◽  
Robotic Devices

Robotic devices can provide physical assistance to people who have suffered neurological impairments such as stroke. Neurological disorders related to this condition induce abnormal gait patterns, which impede the independence to execute different Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). From the fundamental role of the ankle in walking, Powered Ankle-Foot Orthoses (PAFOs) have been developed to enhance the users’ gait patterns, and hence their quality of life. Ten patients who suffered a stroke used the actuation system of the T-FLEX exoskeleton triggered by an inertial sensor on the foot tip. The VICONmotion capture system recorded the users’ kinematics for unassisted and assisted gait modalities. Biomechanical analysis and usability assessment measured the performance of the system actuation for the participants in overground walking. The biomechanical assessment exhibited changes in the lower joints’ range of motion for 70% of the subjects. Moreover, the ankle kinematics showed a correlation with the variation of other movements analyzed. This variation had positive effects on 70% of the participants in at least one joint. The Gait Deviation Index (GDI) presented significant changes for 30% of the paretic limbs and 40% of the non-paretic, where the tendency was to decrease. The spatiotemporal parameters did not show significant variations between modalities, although users’ cadence had a decrease of 70% of the volunteers. Lastly, the satisfaction with the device was positive, the comfort being the most user-selected aspect. This article presents the assessment of the T-FLEX actuation system in people who suffered a stroke. Biomechanical results show improvement in the ankle kinematics and variations in the other joints. In general terms, GDI does not exhibit significant increases, and the Movement Analysis Profile (MAP) registers alterations for the assisted gait with the device. Future works should focus on assessing the full T-FLEX orthosis in a larger sample of patients, including a stage of training.

Do They Really Mean It? Children’s Inference of Speaker Intentions and the Role of Age and Gender

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-712
Author(s):  
K. Rothermich ◽  
O. Caivano ◽  
L.J. Knoll ◽  
V. Talwar
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
Speaker Intentions ◽  
And Gender

Interpreting other people’s intentions during communication represents a remarkable challenge for children. Although many studies have examined children’s understanding of, for example, sarcasm, less is known about their interpretation. Using realistic audiovisual scenes, we invited 124 children between 8 and 12 years old to watch video clips of young adults using different speaker intentions. After watching each video clip, children answered questions about the characters and their beliefs, and the perceived friendliness of the speaker. Children’s responses reveal age and gender differences in the ability to interpret speaker belief and social intentions, especially for scenarios conveying teasing and prosocial lies. We found that the ability to infer speaker belief of prosocial lies and to interpret social intentions increases with age. Our results suggest that children at the age of 8 years already show adult-like abilities to understand literal statements, whereas the ability to infer specific social intentions, such as teasing and prosocial lies, is still developing between the age of 8 and 12 years. Moreover, girls performed better in classifying prosocial lies and sarcasm as insincere than boys. The outcomes expand our understanding of how children observe speaker intentions and suggest further research into the development of teasing and prosocial lie interpretation.

scholarly journals Data-driven group comparisons of eye fixations to dynamic stimuli

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182110480
Author(s):  
Tochukwu Onwuegbusi ◽  
Frouke Hermens ◽  
Todd Hogue
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Dynamic Stimuli ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Gaze Behaviour ◽  
Political Left

Recent advances in software and hardware have allowed eye tracking to move away from static images to more ecologically relevant video streams. The analysis of eye tracking data for such dynamic stimuli, however, is not without challenges. The frame-by-frame coding of regions of interest (ROIs) is labour-intensive and computer vision techniques to automatically code such ROIs are not yet mainstream, restricting the use of such stimuli. Combined with the more general problem of defining relevant ROIs for video frames, methods are needed that facilitate data analysis. Here, we present a first evaluation of an easy-to-implement data-driven method with the potential to address these issues. To test the new method, we examined the differences in eye movements of self-reported politically left- or right-wing leaning participants to video clips of left- and right-wing politicians. The results show that our method can accurately predict group membership on the basis of eye movement patterns, isolate video clips that best distinguish people on the political left–right spectrum, and reveal the section of each video clip with the largest group differences. Our methodology thereby aids the understanding of group differences in gaze behaviour, and the identification of critical stimuli for follow-up studies or for use in saccade diagnosis.

scholarly journals A Compositional Framework for Grounding Language Inference, Generation, and Acquisition in Video

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 601-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haonan Yu ◽  
N. Siddharth ◽  
Andrei Barbu ◽  
Jeffrey Mark Siskind
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Inference Generation ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
The Third

We present an approach to simultaneously reasoning about a video clip and an entire natural-language sentence. The compositional nature of language is exploited to construct models which represent the meanings of entire sentences composed out of the meanings of the words in those sentences mediated by a grammar that encodes the predicate-argument relations. We demonstrate that these models faithfully represent the meanings of sentences and are sensitive to how the roles played by participants (nouns), their characteristics (adjectives), the actions performed (verbs), the manner of such actions (adverbs), and changing spatial relations between participants (prepositions) affect the meaning of a sentence and how it is grounded in video. We exploit this methodology in three ways. In the first, a video clip along with a sentence are taken as input and the participants in the event described by the sentence are highlighted, even when the clip depicts multiple similar simultaneous events. In the second, a video clip is taken as input without a sentence and a sentence is generated that describes an event in that clip. In the third, a corpus of video clips is paired with sentences which describe some of the events in those clips and the meanings of the words in those sentences are learned. We learn these meanings without needing to specify which attribute of the video clips each word in a given sentence refers to. The learned meaning representations are shown to be intelligible to humans.

scholarly journals ANALISIS SIMBOL SATANISME PADA VIDEO KLIP BAND DEWA 19

REPRESENTAMEN ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rian Rian ◽  
Edy Sudaryanto ◽  
Judhi Hari Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Charles Sanders Peirce ◽  
Symbolic Representation ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
The Media ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Triadic Model

This research is motivated by the development of the spread of symbols of satanism in the modern era that mushroomed in various mass media, especially video clips to give and deliver messages. One of the top bands named Dewa 19 has symbols associated with symbols of satanism and spread the symbol through the media video clips of the songs of God 19. The focus of this study is the meaning of video clip symbols scattered on each video clip kara band Dewa 19. The theory used is Charles Sanders Peirce Semiotics theory which has a triadic model and trichotomy concept consisting of Representamen, interpretant, and object. The research method used in this research is qualitative research with descriptive type. The results of the research found that the meaning of the symbols scattered in each of the video clips of the band Dewa 19 is the result of the symbolic representation of satanism, among others: Horus's Eye, Pyramid Terpanchung, Chessboard Chess, Photo of Satan Church Founder, God Ra, ANKH SymbolKeywords: semiotics, satanism, Dewa 19, symbols.

“Are you asking me or are you telling me?”: Expertise, evidence, and blame attribution in a post-game interview

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-669
Author(s):  
Oskar Lindwall ◽  
Michael Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Video Clip ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Blame Attribution ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
Hockey Player ◽  
Action Category

This paper is an analysis of a video clip of an interview between a reporter and ice hockey player following a game in which the player was involved in a hard collision with a member of the opposing team. The paper explores blame attribution and how participants claim and disclaim expertise in a way that supports or undermines assertions to have correctly seen and assessed the actions shown on tape. Our analysis focuses on the video of the interview, and it also examines relevant video clips of the collision and various commentaries about the identities of the characters and their actions shown on the videos. In brief, the study is a third-order investigation of recorded-actions-under-analysis. It uses the videos and commentaries as “perspicuous phenomena” that illuminate and complicate how the members’ own action category analysis is bound up with issues of expertise, evidence, and blame.

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