The possible use of telemedicine in developing countries

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Rational Decision ◽  
Appropriate Use ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication

Telemedicine may be a useful technique for delivering health care in the developing world. However, there is little practical experience to draw on and real concerns that if additional resources were to become available telemedicine might not be the most appropriate use for them. The logical steps to determine the place of telemedicine in the developing world therefore appear to be: 1 to identify potential telemedicine projectsthe Telecommunication Development Bureau of the International Telecommunication Union is trying to do this and has recently sponsored missions to various countries in Africa and Asia; 2 to carry out properly controlled pilot projects in order to demonstrate technical feasibility and to quantify the benefits to the healthcare system; 3 to calculate the costs of large-scale deployment. Assuming that telemedicine is shown to be beneficial, it is only at this final stage that a rational decision can be made about whether telemedicine would be an appropriate use of additional resources in a developing country, as opposed to alternative uses of those resources to solve other important problems of health care.

scholarly journals The graph neural networking challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
José Suárez-Varela ◽  
Miquel Ferriol-Galmés ◽  
Albert López ◽  
Paul Almasan ◽  
Guillermo Bernárdez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Computer Networks ◽  
Real World ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Educational Resources ◽  
Global Competition ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Broad Audience

During the last decade, Machine Learning (ML) has increasingly become a hot topic in the field of Computer Networks and is expected to be gradually adopted for a plethora of control, monitoring and management tasks in real-world deployments. This poses the need to count on new generations of students, researchers and practitioners with a solid background in ML applied to networks. During 2020, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has organized the "ITU AI/ML in 5G challenge", an open global competition that has introduced to a broad audience some of the current main challenges in ML for networks. This large-scale initiative has gathered 23 different challenges proposed by network operators, equipment manufacturers and academia, and has attracted a total of 1300+ participants from 60+ countries. This paper narrates our experience organizing one of the proposed challenges: the "Graph Neural Networking Challenge 2020". We describe the problem presented to participants, the tools and resources provided, some organization aspects and participation statistics, an outline of the top-3 awarded solutions, and a summary with some lessons learned during all this journey. As a result, this challenge leaves a curated set of educational resources openly available to anyone interested in the topic.

scholarly journals Internet of Things: a Survey of the Advancements

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.12) ◽  
pp. 255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhivya V ◽  
Apoorva Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Great Part ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Broad Concept ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Internet of Things is a very broad concept and it is the name given to the interconnection of everyday devices to simplify, ease or provide useful information to the user. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defines IoT as "A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on, existing and evolving, interoperable information and communication technologies". The name "Internet of Things" was first coined in 1999 by Kevin Ashton in a presentation to Proctor and Gamble. In this paper, we review the protocols, architecture, and applications surfacing in the region of the Internet of Things in the current years. The web of things has the capability of changing a great part of the world we live in. IoT comprises of an advanced cluster of sensors inserted into various "things" that ceaselessly transmits and shares significant information to different gadgets and cloud. Information that causes us better see how these things function and cooperate. But how all of this can happen on such a large scale with so many devices transmitting data? A simple answer to that would be the Internet of Things platform that brings diverse information and provides a common language for the devices and apps to communicate with each other.  

Rauch ohne Feuer: Why Germany Lags in Tobacco Control

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice H. Cooper ◽  
Paulette Kurzer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Consumer Product ◽  
Illegal Drugs ◽  
Preventable Death ◽  
Road Accidents

The puzzle explored in this article is why Germany, in spite of itssuperb record in environmental policy and health care, has systematicallythwarted measures to reduce smoking rates. At this point,thousands of large-scale epidemiological findings demonstrate a relationshipbetween smoking and disease. Moreover, unlike alcohol,there is no safe amount of smoking. Cigarettes kill, and smoking isthe single largest source of preventable death in advanced industrializedstates. By various estimates, tobacco kills 500,000 Europeansper year, including 120,000 Germans. Globally, in the years 2025 to2030, smoking will kill 7 million people in the developing world and3 million in the industrialized world. No other consumer product isas dangerous as tobacco, which kills more people than AIDS, legaland illegal drugs, road accidents, murder, and suicide combined.

Telemedicine delivery to developing countries

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 76-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wright
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication

This paper highlights current activities with regard to telemedicine activities in and for developing countries. The paper reviews: the preparation of a telemedicine report by a study group of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the aim of which is to provide recommendations and guidelines for developing countries; the formation of the European Telemedicine Collaboration Group (ETCG), which is undertaking telemedicine pilot projects in developing countries; and telemedicine delivery via Inmarsat, which is coordinating production of the ITU report and is a participant in the ETCG.

scholarly journals Enabling Reuse in Extended Producer Responsibility Schemes for White Goods: Legal and Organisational Conditions for Connecting Resource Flows and Actors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Dalhammar ◽  
Emelie Wihlborg ◽  
Leonidas Milios ◽  
Jessika Luth Richter ◽  
Sahra Svensson-Höglund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Empirical Investigation ◽  
Extended Producer Responsibility ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Waste Hierarchy ◽  
Producer Responsibility ◽  
White Goods

AbstractExtended producer responsibility (EPR) schemes have proliferated across Europe and other parts of the world in recent years and have contributed to increasing material and energy recovery from waste streams. Currently, EPR schemes do not provide sufficient incentives for moving towards the higher levels of the waste hierarchy, e.g. by reducing the amounts of waste through incentivising the design of products with longer lifespans and by enhancing reuse activities through easier collection and repair of end-of-life products. Nevertheless, several municipalities and regional actors around Europe are increasingly promoting reuse activities through a variety of initiatives. Furthermore, even in the absence of legal drivers, many producer responsibility organisations (PROs), who execute their members’ responsibilities in EPR schemes, are considering promoting reuse and have initiated a number of pilot projects. A product group that has been identified as having high commercial potential for reuse is white goods, but the development of large-scale reuse of white goods seems unlikely unless a series of legal and organisational barriers are effectively addressed. Through an empirical investigation with relevant stakeholders, based on interviews, and the analysis of two case studies of PROs that developed criteria for allowing reusers to access their end-of-life white goods, this contribution presents insights on drivers and barriers for the repair and reuse of white goods in EPR schemes and discusses potential interventions that could facilitate the upscale of reuse activities. Concluding, although the reuse potential for white goods is high, the analysis highlights the currently insufficient policy landscape for incentivising reuse and the need for additional interventions to make reuse feasible as a mainstream enterprise.

scholarly journals Implementing an Integrated Large-Scale Clinical Information System for ISSSTE’s Hospital Network in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-453
Author(s):  
Arturo Cervantes Trejo ◽  
Sophie Domenge Treuille ◽  
Isaac Castañeda Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information System ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Information System ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Cost Reductions

AbstractThe Institute for Security and Social Services for State Workers (ISSSTE) is a large public provider of health care services that serve around 13.2 million Mexican government workers and their families. To attain process efficiencies, cost reductions, and improvement of the quality of diagnostic and imaging services, ISSSTE was set out in 2019 to create a digital filmless medical image and report management system. A large-scale clinical information system (CIS), including radiology information system (RIS), picture archiving and communication system (PACS), and clinical data warehouse (CDW) components, was implemented at ISSSTE’s network of forty secondary- and tertiary-level public hospitals, applying global HL-7 and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standards. In just 5 months, 40 hospitals had their endoscopy, radiology, and pathology services functionally interconnected within a national CIS and RIS/PACS on secure private local area networks (LANs) and a secure national wide area network (WAN). More than 2 million yearly studies and reports are now in digital form in a CDW, securely stored and always available. Benefits include increased productivity, reduced turnaround times, reduced need for duplicate exams, and reduced costs. Functional IT solutions allow ISSSTE hospitals to leave behind the use of radiographic film and printed medical reports with important cost reductions, as well as social and environmental impacts, leading to direct improvement in the quality of health care services rendered.

scholarly journals Coopetitive Nature of Energy Communities—The Energy Transition Context

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 931
Author(s):  
Karolina Mucha-Kuś ◽  
Maciej Sołtysik ◽  
Krzysztof Zamasz ◽  
Katarzyna Szczepańska-Woszczyna
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Self Sufficiency

The decentralization of the large-scale energy sector, its replacement with pro-ecological, dispersed production sources and building a citizen dimension of the energy sector are the directional objectives of the energy transformation in the European Union. Building energy self-sufficiency at a local level is possible, based on the so-called Energy Communities, which include energy clusters and energy cooperatives. Several dozen pilot projects for energy clusters have been implemented in Poland, while energy cooperatives, despite being legally sanctioned and potentially a simpler formula of operation, have not functioned in practice. This article presents the coopetitive nature of Energy Communities. The authors analysed the principles and benefits of creating Energy Communities from a regulatory and practical side. An important element of the analysis is to indicate the managerial, coopetitive nature of the strategies implemented within the Energy Communities. Their members, while operating in a competitive environment, simultaneously cooperate to achieve common benefits. On the basis of the actual data of recipients and producers, the results of simulations of benefits in the economic dimension will be presented, proving the thesis of the legitimacy of creating coopetitive structures of Energy Communities.

scholarly journals Leadership assumptions on implementation of patient involvement methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrine Håland Jeppesen ◽  
Kirsten Frederiksen ◽  
Marianne Johansson Joergensen ◽  
Kirsten Beedholm
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Patient Involvement ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Implementation Processes

Abstract Background From 2014 to 17, a large-scale project, ‘The User-involving Hospital’, was implemented at a Danish university hospital. Research highlights leadership as crucial for the outcome of change processes in general and for implementation processes in particular. According to the theory on organizational learning by Agyris and Schön, successful change requires organizational learning. Argyris and Schön consider that the assumptions of involved participants play an important role in organizational learning and processes. The purpose was to explore leaders’ assumptions concerning implementation of patient involvement methods in a hospital setting. Methods Qualitative explorative interview study with the six top leaders in the implementation project. The semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed in accordance with Kvale and Brinkmanns’ seven stages of interview research. Result The main leadership assumptions on what is needed in the implementation process are in line with the perceived elements in organizational learning according to the theory of Argyris and Schön. Hence, they argued that implementation of patient involvement requires a culture change among health care professionals. Two aspects on how to obtain success in the implementation process were identified based on leadership assumptions: “The health care professionals’ roles in the implementation process” and “The leaders’ own roles in the implementation process”. Conclusion The top leaders considered implementation of patient involvement a change process that necessitates a change in culture with health care professionals as crucial actors. Furthermore, the top leaders considered themselves important facilitators of this implementation process.

scholarly journals A line-of-sight channel model for the 100–450 gigahertz frequency band

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joonas Kokkoniemi ◽  
Janne Lehtomäki ◽  
Markku Juntti
Keyword(s):  
Channel Model ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Absorption Loss ◽  
Radio Communication ◽  
International Telecommunication Union ◽  
International Telecommunication ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Actual Response

AbstractThis paper documents a simple parametric polynomial line-of-sight channel model for 100–450 GHz band. The band comprises two popular beyond fifth generation (B5G) frequency bands, namely, the D band (110–170 GHz) and the low-THz band (around 275–325 GHz). The main focus herein is to derive a simple, compact, and accurate molecular absorption loss model for the 100–450 GHz band. The derived model relies on simple absorption line shape functions that are fitted to the actual response given by complex but exact database approach. The model is also reducible for particular sub-bands within the full range of 100–450 GHz, further simplifying the absorption loss estimate. The proposed model is shown to be very accurate by benchmarking it against the exact response and the similar models given by International Telecommunication Union Radio Communication Sector. The loss is shown to be within ±2 dBs from the exact response for one kilometer link in highly humid environment. Therefore, its accuracy is even much better in the case of usually considered shorter range future B5G wireless systems.

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