scholarly journals Romanian Village Halls in the Early 1950s: Between Cultural and Political Propaganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 229
Author(s):  
Sorin Radu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
Political Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rural World ◽  
The Village

<p>Village halls [Romanian: cămine culturale] appeared in many European<br />countries and elsewhere as early as the nineteenth century and multiplied in the twentieth.<br />The presence of these institutions in the rural world, despite obvious differences in their<br />goals and activities, demonstrates a general interest in the cultural development of<br />villages, as well as the emergence and growth of leisure practices amongst peasants. This<br />essay is not a study of the history of village halls; rather, it focuses on the changes that this<br />institution underwent in the early years of the communist regime in Romania. It analyses<br />how communists transformed the village hall into a place of propaganda under the<br />guise of “cultural work”. The study starts from the premise that communist propaganda<br />deliberately did not distinguish between “political work” and “cultural work”. At the end<br />of the 1940s and the beginning of the 1950s, the village hall became the communist regime’s<br />central venue for disseminating political and cultural propaganda.</p>

The Mezen Horse: Between Tradition and Brand

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Екатерина Александровна Мельникова
Keyword(s):  
Special Kind ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rural World ◽  
Family Memories ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

Статья посвящена истории бытования мезенской росписи - зооморфного орнамента, использовавшегося с начала XIX в. мастерами д. Палащелье Архангельской губ. для декорирования деревянных изделий, и в первую очередь прялок. В центре внимания находится судьба мезенской лошадки - главного символа палащельской росписи, ставшего в XXI в. основой локального бренда в г. Мезени и его окрестностях. В работе рассматривается история палащельского промысла, включая трансформацию его социального, экономического и культурного значений на протяжении XX-XXI вв. Прялка - главный носитель мезенской росписи - перестала выполнять свою утилитарную роль, став объектом семейной памяти и культурной ценностью, связанной с локальной идентичностью местных жителей и художественным значением, определяемым экспертами-профессионалами. Вследствие этих перемен, а также миграций населения из деревень в города прялки с мезенской росписью стали ассоциироваться с покинутой малой родиной и деревенским миром в целом, вызывая к жизни особую форму чувствительности, требующей специальных навыков понимания, толкования и любви к мезенской росписи. Как показано в работе, два режима восприятия мезенской лошадки - семейной памяти и эстетической ценности - тесно взаимосвязаны, определяя эмоциональную привязанность и популярность этого элемента традиционной росписи среди современных жителей г. Мезени и Мезенского района. This article concerns the history of the Mezen horse, a zoormorphic ornament from the village Palashchelye in the Mezen Region of Arkhangelsk Province. From the beginning of the 19th century it has been used by craftsmen to decorate wooden items, especially spinning wheels. In the beginning of the present century the Mezen horse became the symbol of Palashchelye painting and the main local brand for the city of Mezen and its environs. The article examines the history of Palashchel crafts and discusses the transformation of its social, economic and cultural significance during the 20th and 21st centuries. The spinning wheel, the main bearer of Mezen decoration, has ceased to fulfill a utilitarian role, becoming instead a focus of family memories and cultural value, interpreted both in terms of local identity and artistic significance. As a result of this change, as well as the migration of the population from villages to cities, spinning wheels with Mezen painting began to be associated with one’s abandoned birthplace and the rural world in general. This has given rise to a special kind of sensitivity that entails special skills of interpretation as well as love. Two different modes of such sensibility are discussed in the article - the mode of family memory and the mode of esthetic value - that are interwoven, endowing the Mezen horse with emotional meaning and broad popularity among the modern urban inhabitants of Mezen and its environs.

scholarly journals Badanie kultury w PRL i ZSRR oraz nowe spojrzenie na kulturę w polskiej i rosyjskiej socjologii po przełomie ustrojowym

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 113-129
Author(s):  
Victoria Dunaeva
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Sociology Of Culture ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Political Economic

The author analyses a history of research on culture in communist Poland and the USSR (later Russian Federation). She finds similarities and differences. During the time of communist Poland a tendency was to standardize the supply of culture and make the access to it more democratic. The basic task of the sociology of culture in communist Poland was to control the advancement process of culture dissemination and research into the various forms of participation. However, in the second half of the 70s attention was more and more focused on the directions of cultural sociology development and functions. Following the fall of communism this discipline was faced with a challenge of embracing all the important directions of changes while indicating a now socio-cultural model at the same time. In the USSR, on the other hand, the government was interested only in the cultural research which was to confirm a hypothesis on fast cultural development of masses. Sociology of culture did not exist as a science, though. Following years of deep crisis, when perestroika period began, sociologists of post soviet Russia faced a serious challenge: how to move from “the only one true” Marxist paradigm to the mastering and usage of various theories which functioned in sociology around the world. The Author indicated the contribution in this respect i.a. of Vladimir Yadov or academics circled around Yurij Levada. In general one can say that in Poland as well as in Russia, the sociology of culture following the fall of communist regime and following certain major political, economic, social and cultural changes, found itself in entirely new reality.

The Tsoede Myth and the Nupe Kinglists: More Political Propaganda?

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Michael Mason
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Political History ◽  
Early Years ◽  
List Type ◽  
Colonial Rule ◽  
Political Propaganda ◽  
History Of

“History is always written by the conquerors.”It is a convention in the writing of Nupe political history to begin with the name ‘Tsoede.’ This convention has been current at least since the early years of colonial rule, when we find ‘Tsoede,’ or ‘Edegi,’ as he is also called, being credited with the founding of the kingdom whose successive rulers can be traced up to the present. The clearest expression of the place of both ‘Tsoede’ and the kinglists which his name heads comes from the standard study of Nupe society by S.F. Nadel, who explains that the earliest history of Nupe centres around the figure of Tsoede or Edegi, the culture hero and mythical founder of the Nupe kingdom. The genealogies of Nupe kings which are preserved in many places in Nupe country and which have also found their way into the earliest written records of Nupe history which were compiled by Mohammedan scholars and court historians, place his birth in the middle of the fifteenth century.It will be our purpose in this paper to explore the evolution of the Tsoede story and to inspect the authority of its authorship. First, let us look at the story offered in Nadel's account: a) At the time of Tsoede's birth Nupe had not been unified under a central government.b) Whatever political forms existed elsewhere in Nupe, Tsoede's homeland Bini was a confederacy of towns. The leading Bini town was Nku, at the confluence of the Kaduna and Niger rivers.The Binis as well as some other Nupe were subordinate to the Attah of Igala.

Apocrypha from the History of the Jewish Military Union and its Authors

2008 ◽  
pp. 147-176
Author(s):  
Dariusz Libionka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Warsaw Ghetto ◽  
History Of

This article is an attempt at a critical analysis of the history of the Jewish Fighting Union (JFU) and a presentation of their authors based on documents kept in the archives of the Institute of National Remembrance in Warsaw. The author believes that an uncritical approach and such a treatment of these materials, which were generated under the communist regime and used for political purposes resulted in a perverted and lasting picture of the history of this fighting organisation of Zionists-revisionists both in Poland and Israel. The author has focused on a deconsturction of the most important and best known “testimonies regarding the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising”, the development and JFU participation in this struggle, given by Henryk Iwaƒski, WΠadysΠaw Zajdler, Tadeusz Bednarczyk and Janusz Ketling–Szemley.A comparative analysis of these materials, supplemented by important details of their war-time and postwar biographies, leaves no doubt as to the fact that they should not be analysed in terms of their historical credibility and leads one to conclude that a profound revision of research approach to JFU history is necessary.

From Missionary Translation to Local Theological Inquiry: A Narrative History of the Lisu Bible

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-219
Author(s):  
Aminta Arrington
Keyword(s):  
Minority Group ◽  
Local Leadership ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Narrative History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Christian Practices ◽  
Village Elders ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Bible Reading

The Lisu are a largely Christian minority group in south-west China who, as an oral culture, express their faith more through a set of Christian practices done as a group and less through bible reading as individuals. Even so, the Lisu practice of Christianity specifically, and Lisu culture more generally, was profoundly impacted by the written scriptures. During the initial evangelisation of the Lisu by the China Inland Mission, missionaries created a written script for the Lisu language. Churches were constructed and organised, which led to the creation of bible schools and the work of bible translation. In the waves of government persecution after 1949, Lisu New Testaments were hidden away up in the mountains by Lisu Christians. After 1980, the Lisu reclaimed their faith by listening to the village elders tell the Old Story around the fires and reopening the churches that had been closed for twenty-two years. And they reclaimed their bible by retrieving the scriptures from the hills and copying them in the evening by the light of a torch. The Lisu bible has its own narrative history, consisting of script creating, translating, migrating, and copying by hand. At times it was largely influenced by the mission narrative, but at other times, the Lisu bible itself was the lead character in the story. Ultimately, the story of the Lisu bible reflects the Lisu Christian story of moving from missionary beginnings to local leadership and, ultimately, to local theological inquiry.

From the History of the Public Library in the Village Tagai of Simbirsk District in Simbirsk Province

2010 ◽  
pp. 102-106
Author(s):  
Valentina M. Patutkina
Keyword(s):  
Public Library ◽  
Library History ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ulyanovsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Village

The article is dedicated to unknown page in the library history of Ulyanovsk region. The author writes about the role of Trusteeship on people temperance in opening of libraries. The history of public library organized in the beginning of XX century in the Tagai village of Simbirsk district in Simbirsk province is renewed.

State-run celebration of Liberation Day in Czechoslovakia (based on audiovisual sources)

2019 ◽  
pp. 251-268
Author(s):  
Timur Gimadeev
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The Military

The article deals with the history of celebrating the Liberation Day in Czechoslovakia organised by the state. Various aspects of the history of the holiday have been considered with the extensive use of audiovisual documents (materials from Czechoslovak newsreels and TV archives), which allowed for a detailed analysis of the propaganda representation of the holiday. As a result, it has been possible to identify the main stages of the historical evolution of the celebrations of Liberation Day, to discover the close interdependence between these stages and the country’s political development. The establishment of the holiday itself — its concept and the military parade as the main ritual — took place in the first post-war years, simultaneously with the consolidation of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia. Later, until the end of the 1960s, the celebrations gradually evolved along the political regime, acquiring new ritual forms (ceremonial meetings, and “guards of memory”). In 1968, at the same time as there was an attempt to rethink the entire socialist regime and the historical experience connected with it, an attempt was made to reconstruct Liberation Day. However, political “normalisation” led to the normalisation of the celebration itself, which played an important role in legitimising the Soviet presence in the country. At this stage, the role of ceremonial meetings and “guards of memory” increased, while inventions released in time for 9 May appeared and “May TV” was specially produced. The fall of the Communist regime in 1989 led to the fall of the concept of Liberation Day on 9 May, resulting in changes of the title, date and paradigm of the holiday, which became Victory Day and has been since celebrated on 8 May.

ETHNIC CULTURE OF LAMUNKHINSKI EVENS AS A RESOURCE OF DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM INDUSTRY OF YAKUTIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8(77)) ◽  
pp. 4-7
Author(s):  
Sardaana Anatolievna Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
National Culture ◽  
Local Group ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Ethnic Tourism ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
The North ◽  
Original Culture ◽  
The Village ◽  
Hunting And Fishing

When getting acquainted with the ethnic traditions of the peoples of Yakutia, special attention should be paid to the national culture of the evens as a small indigenous people of the North. Cultural and ethnographic features of Yakutia are one of the most important resources for the development of tourism. The main purpose of the work is to consider the potential of ethnic tourism on the example of the village of Sebyan-Kuel in the Кobyai district of Yakutia. The following specific ethnographic methods are used: the method of included observation and indepth interview. The result was that in this remote mountains of the Verkhoyansk ridge preserved the original culture of the local group Lamynkhinsky Evens, which is a unique, non-commodity, and, consequently, an inexhaustible resource for the economy, social and cultural development of the nasleg. In our opinion, the area of Lamynkhinsky nasleg can become one of the most popular tourist destinations due to its uniqueness in ethnic and extreme, ecological, hunting and fishing types of tourism.

FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL ARCHITECTURE IN THE FORMER KETSKAYA VOLOST

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Sitnikova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Architectural Analysis ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Rural Architecture ◽  
The Village ◽  
Rich History

The article considers the historical and cultural heritage of villages of the former Ketskaya volost, which is currently a part of the Tomsk region. The formation of Ketsky prison and the architecture of large settlements of the former Ketskaya volost are studied. Little is known about the historical and cultural heritage of villages of the Tomsk region and the problems of preserving historical settlements of the country.The aim of this work is to study the formation and development of the village architecture of the former Ketskaya volost, currently included in the Tomsk region.The following scientific methods are used: a critical analysis of the literature, comparative architectural analysis and systems analysis of information, creative synthesis of the findings. The obtained results can be used in preparation of lectures, reports and communication on the history of the Siberian architecture.The scientific novelty is a study of the historical and cultural heritage of large settlements of the former Ketskaya volost, which has not been studied and published before. The methodological and theoretical basis of the study is theoretical works of historians and architects regarding the issue under study as well as the previous  author’s work in the field.It is found that the historical and cultural heritage of the villages of the former Ketskaya volost has a rich history. Old historical buildings, including religious ones are preserved in villages of Togur and Novoilinka. The urban planning of the villages reflects the design and construction principles of the 18th century. The rich natural environment gives this area a special touch. 

The Early Years of Republic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.V. Vaidyanatha Ayyar
Keyword(s):  
Educational Development ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
British Raj ◽  
University Development ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Education In India ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The University

The chapter is a prologue to the main narrative of the book. It offers an evaluation of Macaulay’s minute which paved the way for introduction of modern education in India, the idea of National System Of Education which dominated Indian thinking on education for over sixty years from the Partition of Bengal (1905) to the Kothari Commission (1964), and the division of responsibility between the Central and Provincial Governments for educational development during British Raj. It offers a succinct account of the key recommendations of the landmark Sarjent Committee on Post-War Educational Development, the Radhakrishnan Commission on University Development, and the Mudaliar Commission on Secondary Education, of the drafting history of the provisions relating to education in the Constitution, the spectacular expansion of access after Independence, the evolution of regulatory policies and institutions like the University Grants Commission (UGC), and of the delicate compromise over language policy.

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