scholarly journals Case of syngamosis in partridges of a backyard farm

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ANDREOPOULOU (Μ. ΑΝΔΡΕΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) ◽  
V. TSIOURIS (Β. ΤΣΙΟΥΡΗΣ) ◽  
I. GEORGOPOULOU (Ι. ΓΕΩΡΓΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) ◽  
E. PAPADOPOULOS (Η.ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Severe Respiratory Distress ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Alectoris Chukar ◽  
Game Birds ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Syngamus Trachea ◽  
Wire Cage

Sick and dead 2-months-old partridges (Alectoris chukar) were presented to the unit of Avian Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece. The birds were reared at a specially constructed wire cage, which covered 600 m2 of the ground, including self-growing flora, in the region of Diavata, in the countryside of Thessaloniki. The farm consisted of young partridges, adult pheasants and wild passerines. Two months after placing the birds, 5 partridges were found dead. During the clinical examination of the submitted sick partridges, severe respiratory distress was observed, while some birds had anemic combs and others were breathing with open beaks and had their necks stretched. The necropsy revealed the presence of numerous gapeworms in the lumen of the trachea, forming the typical " Y" shape, since male and female Syngamus trachea are locked in copulation. The mucosa of trachea was, also, thickened, irritated and congested. No lesions to other organs were observed and the microbiological examination of liver, spleen and air-sacs samples was negative. Meanwhile, faecal samples were collected from the farm for parasitological examination. A sedimentation method was used and eggs of S. trachea were found. Syngamosis was determined to be the cause of the partridges' death. The gapeworms are considered potentially dangerous, especially for backyard, game-birds and free-living birds, while the control of the disease is complicated. This fact, along with the selective appearance of the clinical signs and the mortality only in the partridges of the farm are the remarkable points discussed in this article.

scholarly journals Parasitological monitoring of European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDER W. DEMIASZKIEWICZ ◽  
ANNA M. PYZIEL ◽  
KATARZYNA FILIP-HUTSCH ◽  
MACIEJ JANUSZCZAK ◽  
WANDA OLECH
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
European Bison ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Dictyocaulus Viviparus ◽  
Baermann Technique ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Genus Eimeria

The aim of our study was to determine the level of parasitic infections in European bison (Bison bonasus) in the Bieszczady Mountains on the basis of coprological methods: flotation, decantation and the Baermann technique. 429 faecal samples were collected from European bison in the following Forest Districts: Baligród, Komańcza, Lutowiska, Stuposiany, Lesko and Cisna. Examination of faeces revealed the presence of eggs of gastrointestinal nematodes from the Trichostrongylidae family, as well as Nematodirus sp., Aonchotheca sp. and Trichuris sp., larvae of lung nematodes Dictyocaulus viviparus, eggs of tapeworms Moniezia sp. and oocysts of 7 species of coccidia, belonging to the genus Eimeria (E. bovis, E. zuernii, E. pellita, E. bukidnonensis, E. subspherica, E. ellipsoidalis and E. brasiliensis). The population of European bison in the Bieszczady Mountains turned out to be the only free-living herd not infected with the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. The level of parasitic infections, observed during present study, was low and did not indicate clinical signs of parasitic disease, thus it did not require deworming.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium myocastoris n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae), the Species Adapted to the Nutria (Myocastor coypus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 813
Author(s):  
Jana Ježková ◽  
Zlata Limpouchová ◽  
Jitka Prediger ◽  
Nikola Holubová ◽  
Bohumil Sak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Prepatent Period ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Myocastor Coypus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Faecal Samples

Cryptosporidium spp., common parasites of vertebrates, remain poorly studied in wildlife. This study describes the novel Cryptosporidium species adapted to nutrias (Myocastor coypus). A total of 150 faecal samples of feral nutria were collected from locations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and examined for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts and specific DNA at the SSU, actin, HSP70, and gp60 loci. Molecular analyses revealed the presence of C. parvum (n = 1), C. ubiquitum subtype family XIId (n = 5) and Cryptosporidium myocastoris n. sp. XXIIa (n = 2), and XXIIb (n = 3). Only nutrias positive for C. myocastoris shed microscopically detectable oocysts, which measured 4.8–5.2 × 4.7–5.0 µm, and oocysts were infectious for experimentally infected nutrias with a prepatent period of 5–6 days, although not for mice, gerbils, or chickens. The infection was localised in jejunum and ileum without observable macroscopic changes. The microvilli adjacent to attached stages responded by elongating. Clinical signs were not observed in naturally or experimentally infected nutrias. Phylogenetic analyses at SSU, actin, and HSP70 loci demonstrated that C. myocastoris n. sp. is distinct from other valid Cryptosporidium species.

Lungworms (Metastrongylus Spp.) Demonstrated in Domestic Pigs with Respiratory Disease - What was the True Relevance of that?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Wallgren ◽  
Emelie Pettersson
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae ◽  
Disease Outbreak ◽  
Domestic Pigs ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundAn outdoor pig herd was affected by severe respiratory disease in one out of three pastures. At necropsy, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida were detected in the lungs, as well as the lung worm Metastrongylus apri. The life cycle of Metastrongylus spp. includes earth worms as an intermediate host, and since domesticated pigs mainly are reared indoors lungworms has not been diagnosed in domestic pigs in Sweden for decades, not even in pigs reared outdoors. Therefore, this disease outbreak was scrutinised from the view of validating the impact of Metastrongylus spp..ResultsAt the time of the disease outbreak, neither eggs of Metastrongylus spp. nor Ascaris suum were detected in faeces of pigs aged ten weeks. In contrast, five-months-old pigs at the pasture with respiratory disease shed large amounts of eggs from Ascaris suum, whereas Ascaris suum not was demonstrated in healthy pigs aged six months at another pasture. Low numbers of eggs from Metastrongylus spp. were seen in faecal samples from both these age categories.At slaughter, seven weeks later, ten normal weighted pigs in the preceding healthy batch were compared with ten normal weighted and five small pigs from the affected batch. Healing Mycoplasma-like pneumonic lesions were seen in all groups. Small pigs had more white spot liver lesions, and all small pigs shed eggs of Ascaris suum in faeces, compared to around 50% of the pigs in the normally sized groups. Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated in 13 of the 25 pigs (52%), %), representing all groups included.ConclusionAs Metastrongylus spp. were demonstrated regardless of health status, and in another healthy outdoor herd, the impact of Metastrongylus spp. on the outbreak of respiratory disease was depreciated. Instead, Metastrongylus spp. was suggested to be common in outdoor production, although rarely diagnosed. The reason for this is because they will escape detection at routine inspection at slaughterhouses, and that they appeared to generally not induce clinical signs of respiratory disease. Instead, a possible association with a high burden of Ascaris suum was suggested to have preceded the severe outbreak with respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Molecular survey of Besnoitia spp. (Apicomplexa) in faeces from European wild mesocarnivores in Spain. Short running title: Molecular survey of Besnoitia spp in faeces from wild carnivores.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David González-Barrio ◽  
Pamela C. Köster ◽  
Miguel Habela ◽  
Manuel Martín-Pérez ◽  
José Fernández-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Definitive Host ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Besnoitia Besnoiti ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Wild Carnivores ◽  
Molecular Survey ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Bovine Besnoitiosis ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
Free Ranging

Numerous studies have unsuccessfully tried to unravel the definitive host of the coccidian parasite Besnoitia besnoiti. Cattle infections by B. besnoiti cause a chronic and debilitating condition called bovine besnoitiosis that has emerged in Europe during the last two decades, mainly due to limitations in its control associated to the absence of vaccines and therapeutical tools. Although the exact transmission pathway of B. besnoiti is currently unknown, it is assumed that the parasite might have an indirect life cycle with a carnivore as definitive host. Current lack of studies in wildlife might underestimate the importance of free-living species in the epidemiology of B. besnoiti. Thus, the aim of the present study is to assess the presence of Besnoitia spp. in free-ranging mesocarnivores in Spain. DNA was searched by PCR on faeces collected from wild carnivores as a first approach to determine which species could be considered as potential definitive host candidates in further research. For this purpose, a total of 352 faecal samples from 12 free-living wild carnivore species belonging to the Canidae, Felidae, Herpestidae, Mustelidae, Procyonidae, and Viverridae families were collected in seven Spanish regions. PCR testing showed that Besnoitia spp. DNA was present in four faecal samples from red foxes collected in western Spain, an area with the greatest density of extensively reared cattle and associated to high incidence of bovine besnoitiosis in the country. To date, this is the first report of a Besnoitia besnoiti-like sequence (99.57% homology) from carnivore faeces in a worldwide context. Red foxes might contribute to the epidemiology of B. besnoiti, although further studies, mostly based on bioassay, would be needed to elucidate the accuracy and extent of these interesting findings.

scholarly journals Toxicity Evaluation of a Traditional Polyherbal Unani Formulation Jawarish Shahi in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
Mohd Urooj ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Ahmed Khan ◽  
G. Thejaswini ◽  
Munawwar Husain Kazmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Dose Levels

Jawarish Shahi (JS) is a compound polyherbal Unani pharmacopoeial formulation indicated for Khafqan (Palpitation), Nafkh-e-Shikam (Flatulence) and Waswas (Insanity; false perception and hallucinations). Jawarish Shahi contains herbs like Halela (Terminalia chebula), Amla (Emblica officinalis), Kishneez (Coriandrum sativum), Elaichi Khurd, (Elettaria cardamomum), and Bed Mushk (Salix caprea). The present study was carried out as per OECD 408 guidance to evaluate 90 days repeated oral dose toxicity in male and female Sprague Dawley rats. The study was performed at dose levels 1028 and 2000 mg/kg bw. No adverse effects were reported with respect to body weight, feed intake, behavior and clinical signs indicative of systemic toxicity. The expected growth pattern was observed in body weight and feed intake as compared to control group at both dose levels in male and female rats. There were few significant alterations with respect to hematology, and clinical biochemistry, however the results were within normal range thus considered toxicologically insignificant. The microscopic examination of different organ/tissue showed that no histopathological changes were observed. The findings of the study showed that No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for JS is greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight

Physical Activity Patterns of Free Living Dogs Diagnosed with Osteoarthritis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne H Lee ◽  
Katelyn B Detweiler ◽  
Tisha A Harper ◽  
Kim E Knap ◽  
Maria R C de Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Activity Count ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Monitors ◽  
Average Activity

Abstract Osteoarthritis (OA) affects about 90% of dogs > 5 yr of age in the US, resulting in reduced range of motion, difficulty climbing and jumping, reduced physical activity, and lower quality of life. Our objective was to use activity monitors to measure physical activity and identify how activity counts correlate with age, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), serum inflammatory markers, veterinarian pain assessment, and owner perception of pain in free-living dogs with OA. The University of Illinois Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved the study and owner consent was received prior to experimentation. Fifty-six client-owned dogs (mean age = 7.8 yr; mean BCS = 6.1) with clinical signs and veterinary diagnosis of OA wore HeyRex activity collars continuously over a 49-d period. Blood samples were collected on d 0 and 49, and dog owners completed canine brief pain inventory (CBPI) and Liverpool osteoarthritis in dogs (LOAD) surveys on d 0, 21, 35, and 49. All data were analyzed using SAS 9.3 using repeated measures and R Studio 1.0.136 was used to generate Pearson correlation coefficients between data outcomes. Average activity throughout the study demonstrated greater activity levels on weekends. It also showed that 24-h activity spiked twice daily, once in the morning and another in the afternoon. Serum C-reactive protein concentration was lower (P < 0.01) at d 49 compared to d 0. Survey data indicated lower (P < 0.05) overall pain intensity and severity score on d 21, 35 and 49 compared to d 0. BW was correlated with average activity counts (p=0.02; r=-0.12) and run activity (p=0.10; r=-0.24). Weekend average activity counts were correlated with owner pain intensity scores (p=0.0813; r=-0.2311), but weekday average activity count was not. Age was not correlated with total activity count, sleep activity, or run activity, but it was correlated with scratch (p=0.03; r=-0.10), alert (p=0.03; r=-0.13) and walk (p=0.09; r=-0.23) activities. Total activity counts and activity type (sleep, scratch, alert, walk, run) were not correlated with pain scored by veterinarians, pain intensity or severity scored by owners, or baseline BCS. Even though the lack of controls and/or information on the individual living conditions of dogs resulted in a high level of variability in this study, our data suggest that the use of activity monitors have the potential to aid in the management of OA and other conditions affecting activity (e.g., allergy; anxiety).

Effects of Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. leaf extract on general toxicity and pubertal development of rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-135
Author(s):  
SEL Tolouei ◽  
GN da Silva ◽  
TZ Curi ◽  
MT Passoni ◽  
DCK Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Day Treatment ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
General Toxicity ◽  
Test Female ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. (Talinaceae), popularly known as “major gomes,” is a Brazilian Cerrado plant used in traditional medicine and as a food source. Recent studies have demonstrated its diuretic effects. However, no studies have been performed on its effects on the reproductive system. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of the ethanol-soluble fraction of T. paniculatum leaves (ESTP) on general toxicity and on the pubertal development of male and female Wistar rats. For this purpose, the uterotrophic and the pubertal assays were performed. In the uterotrophic test, female immature rats were treated for three consecutive days with 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg of ESTP. Uterus without luminal fluid was weighed and the relative weight calculated. For the pubertal assay, male and female immature rats were submitted to 30-day treatment with 30 or 300 mg/kg of ESTP. Clinical signs of toxicity, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were evaluated. ESTP treatment did not promote estrogenic effects in female rats. In the pubertal test, no daily signs of toxicity or weight loss were observed. Moreover, ESTP did not affect the onset of vaginal opening and preputial separation and did not cause significant changes in biochemical parameters as well as in organ weight and histopathological analyses of animals.

Low sensitivity of histopathological examination of peri-implant tissue samples in diagnosing postoperative spinal implant infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 102-B (7) ◽  
pp. 899-903
Author(s):  
Justus Bürger ◽  
Yannick Palmowski ◽  
Patrick Strube ◽  
Carsten Perka ◽  
Michael Putzier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Surgery ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Implant Infection ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Spinal Implant ◽  
Cutibacterium Acnes ◽  
Microbiological Examination ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Aims To evaluate the histopathological examination of peri-implant tissue samples as a technique in the diagnosis of postoperative spinal implant infection (PSII). Methods This was a retrospective analysis. Patients who underwent revision spinal surgery at our institution were recruited for this study. PSII was diagnosed by clinical signs, histopathology, and microbiological examination of intraoperatively collected samples. Histopathology was defined as the gold standard. The sensitivity for histopathology was calculated. A total of 47 patients with PSII and at least one microbiological and histopathological sample were included in the study. Results PSII occurred in approximately 28% of the study population. Histopathology showed a sensitivity of 51.1% in the diagnosis of PSII. The most commonly found pathogens were Cutibacterium acnes and gram-positive staphylococci. Conclusion Histopathology has low sensitivity for detecting PSII. In particular, infections caused by low-virulence microorganisms are insufficiently detected by histopathology. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2020;102-B(7):899–903.

scholarly journals Life cycle of Craspedacusta sowerbyi xinyangensis

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanliang Xu ◽  
Danli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Digital Camera ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
The Other ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gastrovascular Cavity

Abstract To explore the life cycle of Craspedacusta, the authors collected male and female specimens of the Craspedacusta sowerbyi xinyangensis in a small fire-fighting pond in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province in July, 2005 and 2006. The development of C. sowerbyi xinyangensis was studied from zygote to medusa by means of light microscopy and digital camera. The zygotes of C. sowerbyi xinyangensis are globular and smooth (90 - 105 μm diameter) and have an equal, total cleavage to the two-cell stage 15 min after fertilization. The embryos enter the four-cell stage after another 15 min and become multicellular embryos after 3h 15 min. At this stage the embryos have a diameter similar to fertilized eggs but have uneven surfaces that are distinct from the smooth surfaces of the uncleaved zygotes. Solid gastrulae are formed 7 h after fertilization. These are spherical planulae with short surface cilia that begin to swim in slow clockwise circles. After 12 h, they lose their cilia, cease swimming and become elongated planulae with one end larger than the other. Rod-like planulae, similar in thickness at both ends, are formed after an additional 7 h. After 4 days, the planulae develop into tiny polyps having two germ layers and a gastrovascular cavity. The polyp mouth is 50 - 62 µm in diameter, lacking tentacles but having nematocysts around the mouth. Planulae become mature polyps after 10 days (15 days after fertilization). Medusa buds (45 - 88 μm diameter) are formed by polyp budding, which soon become free-living medusae with 8 tentacles (380 - 620 μm diameters). Sometimes, the movement of frustules, which are formed by the polyps and similar to planulae in morphology can also be observed.

scholarly journals Survey of lungworm infection of domestic cats in Hungary

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sára Kiszely ◽  
Mónika Gyurkovszky ◽  
Norbert Solymosi ◽  
Róbert Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Aelurostrongylus Abstrusus ◽  
Respiratory Disorders ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
First Time ◽  
Apparently Healthy

From 61 settlements of 12 Hungarian counties, 303 domestic cats were included in this survey. Between autumn 2016 and spring 2018, fresh faecal samples were randomly collected and examined by flotation and by the Baermann–Wetzel method for the presence of lungworm infection. No eggs of Eucoleus aerophilus were detected. Morphological identification of first instar larvae (L1) was also carried out. In the faeces of 60 cats (19.8%) from 17 settlements and Budapest, L1 of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus were found. More than half of the cats were from the western part of the country. The average number of larvae per gram of faeces was 190.2 ± 304.88. These results are in line with the former findings on the prevalence of aelurostrongylosis of domestic cats in Hungary. In addition, Oslerus rostratus was also found for the first time in the faecal samples of three cats from the eastern part of the country, infected also with Ae. abstrusus. The average age (2.51 ± 1.26 years) of infected cats indicates that lungworm infection is more common among younger cats. No relationship was found between the lung-worm infection and the sex of cats. Non-neutered cats had a significantly higher proportion of lungworm infections. Two-thirds of the infected cats were apparently healthy, and only 19 individuals showed clinical signs of respiratory disorders.

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