scholarly journals Cumulative human threats on fish biodiversity components in Tunisian waters

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. BEN RAIS LASRAM ◽  
T. HATTAB ◽  
G. HALOUANI ◽  
M.S. ROMDHANE ◽  
F. LE LOC'H ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Cumulative Impacts ◽  
Current Conservation ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Management Context ◽  
First Time ◽  
Country Specific ◽  
Future Management

Human activities are increasingly impacting biodiversity. To improve conservation planning measures in an ecosystem-based management context, we need to explore how the effects of these activities interact with different biodiversity components. In this study, we used a semi-quantitative method to assess the cumulative impacts of human activities on three biodiversity components (species richness, phylogenetic diversity, and functional diversity) in Tunisia’s exclusive economic zone. For each of the nine activities considered, we developed an understanding of their effects from local studies and the expert opinion of stakeholders with country-specific experience. We mapped the cumulative effects and the three biodiversity components and then assessed the degree to which these elements overlapped using an overlap index. This is the first time such an assessment has been made for Tunisia’s marine ecosystems and our assessment highlight the inappropriateness of current conservation measures. The results of this study have specific application for the prioritization of future management actions.

scholarly journals Determination of Flavonoids Compounds of Three Species and Different Harvesting Periods in Crataegi folium Based on LC-MS/MS

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1602
Author(s):  
Ya-Ping Guo ◽  
Hong Yang ◽  
Ya-Li Wang ◽  
Xiao-Xiang Chen ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Method ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
First Time

Crataegi folium have been used as medicinal and food materials worldwide due to its pharmacological activities. Although the leaves of Crataegus songorica (CS), Crataegus altaica (CA) and Crataegus kansuensis (CK) have rich resources in Xinjiang, China, they can not provide insights into edible and medicinal aspects. Few reports are available on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of flavonoids compounds of their leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to develop efficient methods to determine qualitative and quantitative flavonoids compounds in leaves of CS, CA and CK. In the study, 28 unique compounds were identified in CS versus CK by qualitative analysis. The validated quantitative method was employed to determine the content of eight flavonoids of the leaves of CS, CA and CK within 6 min. The total content of eight flavonoids was 7.8–15.1 mg/g, 0.1–9.1 mg/g and 4.8–10.7 mg/g in the leaves of CS, CA and CK respectively. Besides, the best harvesting periods of the three species were from 17th to 26th September for CS, from 30th September to 15th October for CA and CK. The validated and time-saving method was successfully implemented for the analysis of the content of eight flavonoids compounds in CS, CA and CK for the first time.

scholarly journals The Influence of Different Type of Management upon the Floristic Structure of Grasslands Systems, with Special Attention on Arnica montana L.

2013 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-46
Author(s):  
Adriana MOREA ◽  
Ioan ROTAR ◽  
Roxana VIDICAN ◽  
Florin PÄ‚CURAR ◽  
Anamaria MÄ‚LINAȘ
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Apuseni Mountains ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Mountainous Landscape ◽  
Floristic Structure ◽  
Future Management

The maintenance of semi-natural grasslands within the mountainous landscape is deeply influenced by fertilization. Application of fertilizer will cause changes in the chemical composition of the plant and will increase the palatability, decreasing the denials. One should apply fertilizers taking into account the way of exploitation of the grassland. If the grasslands are grazed, much of the nutrients return into the meadow by manure, fattening being more important than on mowed lawns where all the nutrients taken from plants are exported. The aim of this paper was to assess the influence of organic and mineral fertilizers upon semi-natural grassland’s plant diversity on different soil types. The research was carried out in Apuseni Mountains, in an experimental field with one experience with organic fertilizers  ( T1 control, T2 10 t ha-1manure, T3 20 t ha-1 manure, T4 30 t ha-1 manure ) . Mineral fertilizers complex NPK 20:10:10 ratio was applied in three quantities: 50N 25P 25 K, 100N 50P 50K, and 150N 75P 75 K. The results showed that the largest quantities of mineral fertilizers generated a considerable decrease of plant diversity. For future management actions that are meant to maintain plant diversity in Apuseni Mountains, the organic fertilization with 10 t ha-1 manure quantities administrated annually or once on two years. In conclusion is justified to make organic treatments on Preluvosol Rodic soil type and mineral treatments on Eutricambosol Rendzinic soil type.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal variations of CO<sub>2</sub> mole fractions observed at Beijing, Xianghe and Xinglong in North China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Minqiang Zhou ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Bo Yao ◽  
Pengfei Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
North China ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variations ◽  
Boundary Layer Height ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Abstract. Atmospheric CO2 mole fractions are observed at Beijing (BJ), Xianghe (XH), and Xinglong (XL) in North China using the Picarro G2301 Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy instruments. The measurement system is described comprehensively for the first time. The geo-distances among these three sites are within 200 km, but they have very different surrounding environments: BJ is inside the megacity; XH is in the suburban area; XL is in the countryside on a mountain. The mean and standard deviation of CO2 mole fractions at BJ, XH, and XL between October 2018 and September 2019 are 448.4 ± 12.8 ppm, 436.0 ± 9.2 ppm and 420.6 ± 8.2 ppm, respectively. The seasonal variations of CO2 at these three sites are similar, with a maximum in winter and a minimum in summer, which is dominated by the terrestrial ecosystem. However, the seasonal variations of CO2 at BJ and XH are more affected by human activities as compared to XL. By using CO2 at XL as the background, CO2 enhancements are observed simultaneously at BJ and XH. The diurnal variations of CO2 are driven by the boundary layer height, photosynthesis and human activities at BJ, XH and XL. Moreover, we address the impact of the wind on the CO2 mole fractions at BJ and XL. This study provides an insight into the spatial and temporal variations of CO2 mole fractions in North China.

scholarly journals APPLYING OF ACTIVITIES MANAGEMENT BASED ON SELF-LEARNING

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerii Samsonkin ◽  
Valerii Druz’ ◽  
Albert Feldman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Technological Process ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Statistical Regularity ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Self Learning

The article is devoted to a brief presentation and application in practice of an effective management way of human activities and human-technical communities one. This way was called Method of statistical regularity (Method of self-organizing processes). In fact, this is a system approach. For the first time, the application of this approach is shown on the example of quality management of the technological process. Practical management is shown using an algorithm. The effectiveness of the author's system approach is explained by the consideration of the final result of the activity as a goal and a system-forming factor of activity, taking into account the individual features of the management object, real statistics of activity. The system approach described in the article is a universal devise of management. It can be used and already used to manage individual functions of the enterprise, the process, the human operator, the community

scholarly journals Mapping Cumulative Impacts of Human Activities on Marine Ecosystems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeaPlan
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Cumulative Impacts ◽  
Potential Conflict ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Ocean Management ◽  
Survey Results

Given the diversity of human uses and natural resources that converge in coastal waters, the potential independent and cumulative impacts of those uses on marine ecosystems are important to consider during ocean planning. This study was designed to support the development and implementation of the 2009 Massachusetts Ocean Management Plan. Its goal was to estimate and visualize the cumulative impacts of human activities on coastal and marine ecosystems in the state and federal waters off of Massachusetts.For this study, regional ecosystem experts were surveyed to gauge the relative vulnerability of marine ecosystems to current and emerging anthropogenic stressors. Survey results were then combined with spatial information on the distribution of marine ecosystems and human stressors to map cumulative impacts in Massachusetts waters.The study resulted in an ecosystem vulnerability matrix and human impacts maps, which together yield insights into which ecosystems and places are most vulnerable and which human uses, alone and in combination, are putting the most stress on marine ecosystems. These products can be used in a number of ways, including to help clarify ocean planning decisions, identify areas of potential conflict among ocean users and areas that may merit conservation, and assess ecological, economic and social values of particular places.

scholarly journals Administration of Glucose at Litter Equalization as a Strategy to Increase Energy in Intrauterine Growth Restricted Piglets

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1221
Author(s):  
Joanna Klaaborg ◽  
Charlotte Amdi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
First Time

Hyper-prolific sows give birth to large litters and up to 25% of piglets born have been subjected to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The aim of this study was to test whether an oral administration of glucose impacts the survival rate and body weight gain of IUGR piglets at weaning. Different methods (injection versus oral administration of glucose 6 mL or 12 mL, respectively) were tested on IUGR piglets at litter equalization (i.e., when piglets are handled the first time at 5–20 h after birth). Injecting glucose generated the highest whole-blood glucose level + 3 h after treatment, however, after this no differences were observed. Of the 237 IUGR piglets studied, 98 piglets died or were removed from the nurse sow (41%). Rectal temperature at litter equalization (0 h) was related to the survival of the piglets with an average temperature of 37.1 ± 0.1 °C in surviving piglets and 36.6 ± 0.1 °C in piglets that died. In conclusion, providing these extra management actions at litter equalization is too late to help piglets that have a low rectal temperature and are low on energy. More research investigating different management methods to deal with IUGR piglets are needed as many of these underdeveloped piglets will not survive.

Climate change and vulnerability of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in a fire-prone landscape

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Falke ◽  
Rebecca L. Flitcroft ◽  
Jason B. Dunham ◽  
Kristina M. McNyset ◽  
Paul F. Hessburg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Physical Habitat ◽  
Bull Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Confluentus ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Trout Population ◽  
Fire Scenarios ◽  
Population Vulnerability ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Future Management

Linked atmospheric and wildfire changes will complicate future management of native coldwater fishes in fire-prone landscapes, and new approaches to management that incorporate uncertainty are needed to address this challenge. We used a Bayesian network (BN) approach to evaluate population vulnerability of bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) in the Wenatchee River basin, Washington, USA, under current and future climate and fire scenarios. The BN was based on modeled estimates of wildfire, water temperature, and physical habitat prior to, and following, simulated fires throughout the basin. We found that bull trout population vulnerability depended on the extent to which climate effects can be at least partially offset by managing factors such as habitat connectivity and fire size. Moreover, our analysis showed that local management can significantly reduce the vulnerability of bull trout to climate change given appropriate management actions. Tools such as our BN that explicitly integrate the linked nature of climate and wildfire, and incorporate uncertainty in both input data and vulnerability estimates, will be vital in effective future management to conserve native coldwater fishes.

A method for increasing the survival of shallow-water populations of the endemic coral Astroides calycularis

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Terrón-Sigler ◽  
David León-Muez ◽  
Patricio Peñalver-Duque ◽  
Free Espinosa Torre
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Water ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Growth Analysis ◽  
Hydrodynamic Conditions ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Future Management

The increasing human impact at shallow depths may be affecting the Mediterranean endemic coral Astroides calycularis irreversibly. Therefore, management tools need to be developed for use in its conservation. The main aim of this study was to test a reliable attachment methodology for restoring sites where the species has been affected by human activities. We chose an attachment technique using a marine quick-action epoxy resin, completing three treatments (control, transplanted and translocated colonies) in two sites with different hydrodynamic conditions. Control colonies were undisturbed colonies that were not manipulated; translocation colonies were dislodged and reattached in the same place; and transplantation colonies were dislodged and attached in a different area. Translocated colonies showed a higher survival than transplanted ones, and survival was also higher in environments with more hydrodynamism. Regarding growth, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) did not show significant differences among treatments, but significant differences between areas with different hydrodynamic conditions were noted. This study confirms that it is possible to transplant or translocate colonies of this coral with the technique proposed here, which could be used in future management plans for areas impacted by humans.

scholarly journals New insights into the prevalence and phylogenetic diversity of Cysticercus ovis isolates in sheep from Sulaymaniyah, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aram Ahmad Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Diversity ◽  
Nucleotide Diversity ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Conventional Pcr ◽  
Single Clade ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cysticercus Ovis

Abstract Introduction Although ovine cysticercosis is not a zoonotic problem, it results in substantial economic losses due to the condemnation of infected tissues or entire carcasses. This study aimed to record preliminary data on the prevalence, and phylogenetic diversity of Cysticercus ovis isolates from slaughtered sheep in the province of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. Material and Methods From January to September 2020, 6, 411 slaughtered sheep were examined for C. ovis by routine meat inspection. The amplification and sequence analysis of the COX1 gene for up to 35 specimens of C. ovis was performed using conventional PCR. Results The overall prevalence rate was 1.3%, and the prevalence was significantly higher in older sheep (>1 year) than younger ones (<1 year) (P< 0.05). The cardiac muscle showed a higher tendency to carry C. ovis infection compared to other examined muscles. Sequence analysis of the COX1 gene revealed six haplotypes, and the level of pairwise nucleotide diversity between individual haplotypes was 1–2%. Five out of six of the Taenia ovis haplotypes recovered could have been recorded for the first time globally. Phylogenetic interpretation indicated that all the T. ovis haplotypes clustered in a single clade, and it also indicated an extremely close similarity to Iranian and New Zealand isolates. Conclusions Globally, this report adds new data on C. ovis genetic diversity, which provide an extremely useful molecular background with regard to future preventive as well as control strategies.

scholarly journals Microplastic Pollution in the Surface Waters from Plain and Mountainous Lakes in Siberia, Russia

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 2287
Author(s):  
Natalia Malygina ◽  
Elena Mitrofanova ◽  
Natalia Kuryatnikova ◽  
Roman Biryukov ◽  
Dmitry Zolotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
West Siberian Plain ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Inland Lakes ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
First Time

Microplastics (MPs) contaminations of freshwater and marine environments has become a global issue. Lakes in southern Siberia provide a wide range of ecosystem services and are essential elements in the annual and interannual runoff distribution of the Great Siberian Rivers. However, the extent of their MPs pollution remains unknown. In this paper, for the first time, we analyze the concentrations, composition, and spatial distribution of MPs in six lakes in southern Siberia. The studied lakes are located both in the Altai mountains and the West Siberian plain. Some of them are significantly impacted by human activities, while others are located in protected areas with no permanent population. Nevertheless, MPs were detected in all of the studied lakes. MPs concentrations ranged from 4 to 26 MPs L−1. Comparing with other inland lakes, South Siberian lakes presented moderate MPs concentrations. Among the registered MPs forms, fragments and films were dominant, with a size range between 31 and 60 nm. The MPs’ sources depend on local human activities (fishing, transport, landfilling). Therefore, sufficiently high concentrations were observed even in remote lakes. The present study set a baseline that emphasizes the need for increased attention to waste management and sustainable water use in Siberian freshwater environments.

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