scholarly journals Role of microsatellites in genetic analysis of Bombyx mori silkworm: a review

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1424
Author(s):  
Julian David Trochez-Solarte ◽  
Ximena Ruiz-Erazo ◽  
Martha Almanza-Pinzon ◽  
Giselle Zambrano-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Bombyx Mori ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Gene Location ◽  
High Association ◽  
Preliminary Identification ◽  
Body Development ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
High Level

In the genome of Bombyx mori Linnaeus (1758), the microsatellites, or simple sequence repeats (SSR), feature among their particular characteristics a high adenine and thymine (A/T) content, low number of repeats, low frequency, and a grouping in "families" with similar flanking regions. Such characteristics may be the result of a complex interaction between factors that limit the size and dispersion of SSR loci—such as their high association with transposons—and mean that microsatellites within this taxon suitable as molecular markers are relatively rare. The determination of genetic profiles in populations and cell lines has not been affected owing to the high level of polymorphism, nor has the analysis of diversity, structure and genetic relationships. However, the scarcity of suitable microsatellites has restricted their application in genetic mapping, limiting them to preliminary identification of gene location of genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) related to thermotolerance, resistance to viruses, pigmentation patterns, body development and the weight of the cocoon, the cortex, the pupa and the filament. The review confirms that, as markers, microsatellites are versatile and perform well. They could thus be useful both to advance research in emerging countries with few resources seeking to promote sericulture in their territories, and to advance in the genetic and molecular knowledge of characteristics of productive and biological interest, given the latest technological developments in terms of the sequencing, identification, isolation and genotyping of SSR loci.

scholarly journals SSR analysis of modern Russian potato varieties using DNA samples of nomenclatural standards

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Antonova ◽  
N. S. Klimenko ◽  
D. A. Rybakov ◽  
N. A. Fomina ◽  
V. V. Zheltova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
High Level ◽  
Modern Russian

The N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) is developing new approaches to documentation of national cultivars, taking into account recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants in parallel with methods of genetic certification. The nomenclatural standard of a particular cultivar represented by a herbarium specimen can be used as a reference for verifying authenticity and uniformity of cultivar specimens obtained from various sources. The verification requires fast and reliable methods for cultivar genotyping. This paper presents protocols for modified methods of DNA extraction, PCR-analysis and SSR-genotyping, which allow potato cultivars identification without the use of expensive reagent kits. A set of ten chromosome-specific microsatellite markers was used to study polymorphisms in 66 modern Russian potato cultivars, as well as in 11 pre-cultivars and breeding clones, represented by nomenclatural standards and voucher specimens, respectively. This subset of 77 specimens has demonstrated a high level of polymorphism in ten studied microsatellite loci. The SSR analysis identified 73 alleles; 7.3 alleles per locus were observed on average, the number of which varied from 3 (STG0025 locus) to 11 (locus StI046). The PIC values varied from 0.544 (STG0025 locus) to 0.836 (StI046 locus). The alleles, unique for this subset, were found at six studied loci. The high level of polymorphism at the SSR loci made it possible to unambiguously identify almost every cultivar, with the exception of the expected coincidence of microsatellite profiles of two cultivars, which are somaclonal variants. Using an optimized set of eight microsatellite markers, the genetic relationships of modern Russian potato cultivars were studied.

scholarly journals Development and Application of Genic Simple Sequence Repeat Markers from the Transcriptome of Loquat

2014 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoying Li ◽  
Hongxia Xu ◽  
Jianjun Feng ◽  
Junwei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Trinucleotide Repeat ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Trait Locus ◽  
High Level ◽  
Simple Sequence

Deep transcriptome sequencing allows for the acquisition of large-scale microsatellite information, and it is especially useful for genetic diversity analysis and mapping in plants without reference genome sequences. In this study, a total of 14,004 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were mined from 10,511 unigenes screening of 63,608 nonredundant transcriptome unigenes in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) with a frequency of 22 SSR loci distributed over 100 unigenes. Dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeat SSRs were dominant, accounting for 20.62%, and 42.1% of the total, respectively. Seventy primer pairs were designed from partial SSRs and used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Of these primer pairs, 54 exhibited amplification and 33 were polymorphic. The number of alleles at these loci ranged from two to 17, and the polymorphism information content values ranged from 0.24 to 0.89. We tested the transferability of 33 SSR polymorphic primer pairs in apple and pear, and the transferability rates in these two species were 90.9% and 87.9%, respectively. A high level of marker polymorphism was observed in apple [Malus ×domestica (66.7%)], whereas a low level was observed in pear [Pyrus sp. (51.5%)]. In addition, the PCR products from seven SSR primer pairs were selected for sequence analysis, and 89.2% of the fragments were found to contain SSRs. SSR motifs were conserved among loquat, apple, and pear. According to our sequencing results for real SSR loci, ≈12,490 SSR loci were present in these loquat unigenes. The cluster dendrogram showed a distinct separation into different groups for these three species, indicating that these SSR markers were useful in the evaluation of genetic relationships and diversity between and within the species of Maloideae in the Rosaceae. The results of our identified SSRs should be useful for genetic linkage map construction, quantitative trait locus mapping, and molecular marker-assisted breeding of loquat and related species.

scholarly journals Diversity Among a Wide Asian Collection of Bitter Gourd Landraces and their Genetic Relationships with Commercial Hybrid Cultivars

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narinder P.S. Dhillon ◽  
Supannika Sanguansil ◽  
Roland Schafleitner ◽  
Yen-Wei Wang ◽  
James D. McCreight
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Bitter Gourd ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Geographical Group ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
High Level ◽  
Simple Sequence

We report here the genetic characterization of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) based on polymorphisms of 50 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in 114 accessions that included landraces, breeding lines, and commercial open-pollinated and F1 hybrid cultivars widely grown in Asia. Neighbor-joining tree analysis revealed a high level of genetic variability in the collection. The 114 accessions formed three subpopulations represented by five clusters. Distribution of accessions across the five clusters reflected their geographic origin to a large extent. South Asian accessions originating from India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan were more closely related to each other than to any other geographical group. Likewise, southeast Asian accessions that originated from Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Philippines were grouped together. Accessions that originated from Taiwan were genetically distinct and grouped separately. A landrace from Laos was genetically close to the accessions from Thailand and genetically distinct from the rest of the accessions. White-fruited genotypes were genetically distinct from green- and dark green–fruited genotypes. Low- and medium-bitter accessions were more similar to each other than to the high-bitter genotypes. Accessions with cylindrical fruit were genetically distinct from those with spindle or elongated fruit. Commercial cultivars in each cluster were closely related, which indicated a narrowing of the bitter gourd genetic base in Asia in response to market demands for uniformity and yield. Use of diverse germplasm resources in bitter gourd breeding will help in sustainable breeding and production.

scholarly journals Simple Sequence Repeat and S-Locus Genotyping to Assist the Genetic Characterization and Breeding of Polyploid Prunus Species, P. spinosa and P. domestica subsp. insititia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Júlia Halász ◽  
Noémi Makovics-Zsohár ◽  
Ferenc Szőke ◽  
Sezai Ercisli ◽  
Attila Hegedűs
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Allele Number ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
High Level ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Simple Sequence

AbstractPolyploid Prunus spinosa (2n = 4 ×) and P. domestica subsp. insititia (2n = 6 ×) represent enormous genetic potential in Central Europe, which can be exploited in breeding programs. In Hungary, 16 cultivar candidates and a recognized cultivar ‘Zempléni’ were selected from wild-growing populations including ten P. spinosa, four P. domestica subsp. insititia and three P. spinosa × P. domestica hybrids (2n = 5 ×) were also created. Genotyping in eleven simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci and the multiallelic S-locus was used to characterize genetic variability and achieve a reliable identification of tested accessions. Nine SSR loci proved to be polymorphic and eight of those were highly informative (PIC values ˃ 0.7). A total of 129 SSR alleles were identified, which means 14.3 average allele number per locus and all accessions but two clones could be discriminated based on unique SSR fingerprints. A total of 23 S-RNase alleles were identified and the complete and partial S-genotype was determined for 10 and 7 accessions, respectively. The DNA sequence was determined for a total of 17 fragments representing 11 S-RNase alleles. ‘Zempléni’ was confirmed to be self-compatible carrying at least one non-functional S-RNase allele (SJ). Our results indicate that the S-allele pools of wild-growing P. spinosa and P. domestica subsp. insititia are overlapping in Hungary. Phylogenetic and principal component analyses confirmed the high level of diversity and genetic differentiation present within the analysed accessions and indicated putative ancestor–descendant relationships. Our data confirm that S-locus genotyping is suitable for diversity studies in polyploid Prunus species but non-related accessions sharing common S-alleles may distort phylogenetic inferences.

scholarly journals Geo-Knowledge for an Ever Changing Society – The New Swiss National Map 1:10‘000 and its strategic relevance

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Olaf Forte
Keyword(s):  
Reference Data ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Focal Points ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
National Centre ◽  
Open Government Data ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Government Data ◽  
High Level

The Federal Office of Topography swisstopo plays a vital role as Switzerland’s Geoinformation centre. This paper shows how the New Swiss National Map 1&amp;thinsp;:&amp;thinsp;10’000 will take its place, within the strategic Geoinformation preparations for 2020 and swisstopo’ future technical developments.<br> This topic can be told in five key chapters, each with their own strategic focal points for swisstopo: The National Centre of Geoinformation – Up-to-date reference data – Improved, future-orientated usability – Filling the gaps in Switzerland’s geographical reference data and finally Open Government Data.<br> Implementing each of these strategic focal points will enable swisstopo to provide an even more effective, efficient and cost-conscious service. The data and products provided by swisstopo are built on the core objectives of ensuring that Switzerland’s official Geoinformation, firstly complies with current legislation, secondly insuring that the information covering various time periods will be readily available over the long term, and finally that the data is maintained as up to date as possible.<br> In order to ensure long-term success and to provide a service that responds to the people’s needs and benefits Switzerland as a whole, swisstopo must also take into account social, political and technological developments. Moreover, it will enable swisstopo to continue a sustainable high-level of cartography in future.

scholarly journals MUSIUM SENI DIGITAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1989
Author(s):  
Stefanie Evelyn ◽  
Sutrisnowati Machdijar
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Digital Art ◽  
Shape Grammar ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Digital City ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
High Level

BSD City is an area that is planned to be a pioneer of the Integrated Smart Digital City, triggered by the population of BSD which is dominated by millennials and alpha generations who grow up following technological developments. Millennials have a high level of anxiety, stress and depression. To reduce high levels of stress art has an important role where art can change one's emotions and behavior, have a positive impact on stress management, reduce anxiety levels and improve mood. Digital technology has allowed art to go beyond existing boundaries, so that art in the present and in the future will be more dynamic, flexible in accordance with the character of the millennials generation. Therefore, this design aims to provide a forum for interaction between art and humans and among fellow human beings from various groups by utilizing technological advances to maximize the interactions that occur and foster creative thinking and self-expression through digital art. The design is done by survey method and shape grammar. A museum where visitors can explore digital art and interact directly with the artwork and express their emotions freely into a museum, is needed by the Millennials at this time. AbstrakKota BSD merupakan suatu kawasan yang direncanakan akan menjadi pionir Integrated Smart Digital City, dipicu oleh penduduk BSD yang didominasi oleh generasi milenial dan generasi alfa yang tumbuh dengan mengikuti perkembangan teknologi. Generasi  milenial memiliki  tingkat kecemasan, stress, dan depresi yang tinggi. Untuk mengurangi tingkat stress yang tinggi itu seni memiliki peran yang penting dimana seni dapat mengubah emosi dan perilaku seseorang, memberi dampak positif pada manajemen stress, mengurangi tingkat kecemasan dan meningkatkan mood.[1] Teknologi digital telah memungkinkan seni untuk melampaui batasan-batasan yang ada, sehingga seni di masa sekarang dan di masa yang akan datang menjadi lebih dinamis, fleksibel sesuai dengan karakter generasi millennials. Oleh karena itu, perancangan ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan wadah interaksi antara seni dengan manusia dan antara sesama  manusia dari berbagai golongan dengan memanfaatkan kemajuan teknologi untuk memaksimalkan interaksi yang terjadi serta menumbuhkan pemikiran kreatif dan ekspresi diri melalu seni digital. Perancangan dilakukan dengan metode survei dan shape grammar. Museum dimana pengunjung dapat mengeksplorasi seni digital dan berinteraksi langsung dengan karya seni tersebut serta mengekspresikan emosinya secara bebas menjadi museum yang dibutuhkan generasi milenial di masa ini.[1] Sabine C. Koch & Fuchs T, Embodied Arts Therapies, (Arts Psychother, 2011)

scholarly journals Lemons: Diversity and Relationships with Selected Citrus Genotypes as Measured with Nuclear Genome Markers

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Gulsen ◽  
M.L. Roose
Keyword(s):  
Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Nuclear Genome ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Arithmetic Average ◽  
Pair Group ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
High Level ◽  
Simple Sequence

Inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR), simple sequence repeats (SSR) and isozymes were used to measure genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships among 95 Citrus L. accessions including 57 lemons [C. limon (L.) Burm. f.], related taxa, and three proposed ancestral species, C. maxima (Burm.) Merrill (pummelo), C. medica L. (citron), and C. reticulata Blanco (mandarin). The ancestry of lemons and several other suspected hybrids was also studied. Five isozyme and five SSR loci revealed relatively little variation among most lemons, but a high level of variation among the relatively distant Citrus taxa. Eight ISSR primers amplified a total of 103 polymorphic fragments among the 83 accessions. Similarity matrices were calculated and phylogenetic trees derived using unweighted pair-group method, arithmetic average cluster analysis. All lemons, rough lemons, and sweet lemons, as well as some other suspected hybrids, clustered with citrons. Most lemons (68%) had nearly identical marker phenotypes, suggesting they originated from a single clonal parent via a series of mutations. Citrons contributed the largest part of the lemon genome and a major part of the genomes of rough lemons, sweet lemons, and sweet limes. Bands that characterize C. reticulata and C. maxima were detected in lemons, suggesting that these taxa also contributed to the pedigree of lemon.

scholarly journals Revisiting the South African Marketing Index

1995 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christo Boshoff ◽  
Alwyn P. Du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Price Index ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
External Point ◽  
Consumer Perspective ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Business Function ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The high level of human involvement in marketing ensures that it is, and always will be, a dynamic business function. When the impact of accelerating technological developments is added, the dynamism often turns to volatility. The rapidly changing business environment necessitates regular consideration of the role of marketing in the business environment, both from an internal and external point of view. This study analyses marketing and marketing activities from a consumer perspective. It measures consumer attitudes towards the four P's and converts these scores to an overall 'attitude towards marketing' index. It also compares the results with a similar study conducted in 1990 (the 1990 study). The 1990 study reported a negative marketing index of -16.262. Older consumers in particular voiced their disapproval of marketing practices. Pricing was singled out as the most important bone of contention. The pricing and the pricing practices used by marketers were seen as often unfair and unreasonable. Advertising was also viewed rather sceptically. Retailing was the only marketing mix element to return a positive index. The results of this study show that the SA Marketing Index has declined from -16.262 in 1990 to -34.125 in 1993. The decline in the marketing index is primarily due to the considerable decline in the price index from -8.470 to -24.368, a slight decrease in the product index (from -2.719 to -9.939) and a marginal deterioration in the retailing index. The decline in the price index in particular was so severe that the improvement in the advertising index (from -6.434 to +0.606) had almost no influence on the marketing index. When the impact of demographic variables on attitudes were considered, Afrikaans-speaking consumers and those who are relatively well qualified academically, turned out to be particularly dissatisfied with marketing.

Knowledge Disclosed in Patent Documents as Source of Information to Address Emergencies: A Strategy to Achieve Technological Developments Addressing COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Duque Martins ◽  
Diéricon Sousa Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Technological Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Patent Documents ◽  
High Level ◽  
Source Of Information

Background: Face COVID-19 pandemic, a need for accurate information on SARS-CoV-2 virus is urgent and scientific reports have been published on daily basis to enable effective technologies to fight the disease progression. However, at the first moments of Pandemic, no information on the matter was known and technologies to fight the Pandemic were not readily available. However, searches in patent databases, if strategically designed, can offer quick responses to new pandemics. Objective: Aiming to provide existing information in patent documents useful to develop technologies addressing COVID-19, considering the emergency situation the world was facing and the knowledge of COVID-19 available until April, 2020, this work presents an analysis of the main characteristics of the technological information in patent documents worldwide, related to coronaviruses and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Method: Regions of concentration of such technologies, the number of available documents and their technological fields are disclosed in three approaches: 1) a wide search, retrieving technologies on SARS or coronaviruses; 2) a targeted search, retrieving documents additionally referring to Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2), which is used by SARS-CoV-2 to enter a cell and 3) a punctual search, which retrieved patents disclosing aspects related to SARS-CoV-2 available at that time. Results and Conclusion: Results evidence the high-level technology involved in these developments and a monopoly tendency of such technologies, evidencing that it is possible to find answers to new problems in patent documents.

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