scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Bacteriocin-Producing Bacillus spp from Rastrineobola argentea (Omena) with Activity against Bovine Mastitis Bacterial Pathogens

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
Juliana Maina ◽  
Julius Maina Mathara ◽  
Gideon M. Kikuvi ◽  
Eliud Wafula
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Isolation And Identification

Effect of Bismuth Subnitrate Teat Canal Sealant with Ampicillin-Cloxacillin Combination in Control of Bovine Mastitis in Selected Farms in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Bismuth Subnitrate ◽  
Teat Canal

This study presents the results of effect of a combination of bismuth subnitrate teat canal sealant (Boviseal® -Bimeda® Animal Health, Ireland) and the antibiotic Ampicillin & Cloxacillin (Bovaclox® DC-Norbrook Laboratories Ltd-UK) when used during the dry period on occurrence of mastitis 100 days post-calving. The objectives of this study were: to determine the effect of Boviseal® teat canal sealant in combination with Bovaclox® DC in control of dairy cow mastitis 100 days after calving; to determine bacterial pathogens causing mastitis in the selected farms and to determine risk factors for occurrence of dairy mastitis in the selected farms. This controlled field trial was carried out in two Kenyan dairy farms: Chemusian Farm in Nakuru County and Gicheha Farm in Kiambu County. 156 dairy cows were used in the study. Healthy cows with no history of mastitis in their current lactation were recruited. They were randomly placed into either of the two study groups: the control and the test group. The Control group received Bovaclox® DC while the Test group received the Bovaclox® DC followed by Boviseal®. The cows were followed during the entire dry period and 100 days post-calving monitoring for mastitis occurrence. Cows in the control group were more susceptible to mastitis 100 days post-calving compared to cows in the treatment group (P<0.001, RR=4.4, OR=17.7). Of the bacterial pathogens, coagulase negative Staphylococci (CNS) were the most common pathogens isolated from mastitic milk at 34.6 % followed by Micrococcus spp. (9.0%). Other bacteria isolated were Streptococcus agalactiae (3.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (1.9%); Escherichia coli (0.6%) and various bacterial mixtures. Results of logistic regressions at P≤0.05 showed that farm, position of the quarter, type of barn floor and type of treatment were significantly associated with occurrence of mastitis. Cows in Gicheha farm whose barn floor was earthen, those cows in the control group and hindquarters were risk factors for mastitis (RR=1.5, 4.4 and 1.18 respectively). The results of this study showed that Bovaclox® DC + Boviseal® teat canal sealant combination applied during the dry period is more effective in controlling bovine mastitis 100 days post-calving compared to the use of Bovaclox® DC alone. The study thus recommends the use of Bovaclox® DC + Boviseal® dry cow combination for control of bovine mastitis.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Sorghum Phenolic Extract on Bovine Foodborne and Mastitis-Causing Pathogens

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 594
Author(s):  
Sydney E. Schnur ◽  
Raghavendra G. Amachawadi ◽  
Giovanna Baca ◽  
Sarah Sexton-Bowser ◽  
Davina H. Rhodes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Foodborne Illnesses ◽  
Phenolic Extract

Antimicrobial resistance in bacterial pathogens associated with bovine mastitis and human foodborne illnesses from contaminated food and water have an impact on animal and human health. Phenolic compounds have antimicrobial properties and some specialty sorghum grains are high in phenolic compounds, and the grain extract may have the potential as a natural antimicrobial alternative. The study’s objective was to determine antimicrobial effects of sorghum phenolic extract on bacterial pathogens that cause bovine mastitis and human foodborne illnesses. Bacterial pathogens tested included Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. Antibacterial activities of sorghum phenolic extracts were determined by agar-well diffusion assay. Sorghum phenolic extract was added to the wells in concentrations of 0, 100, 200, 500, 1000, or 4000 µg/mL. The control wells did not receive phenolic extract. Plates were incubated for 18–24 h, and the diameter of each zone of inhibition was measured. The results indicated that sorghum phenolic extract had inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Campylobacter jejuni, and Campylobacter coli.

PATTERNS OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AMONG MAJOR BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES IN TWO TERTIARY’S HOSPITALS, IN SANA'A, YEMEN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huda Zaid Al-Shami ◽  
Muhamed Ahmed Al-Haimi ◽  
Omar Ahmed Esma’il Al-dossary ◽  
Abeer Abdulmahmood Mohamed Nasher ◽  
Mohammed Mohammed Ali Al-Najhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Study Results

Background and objectives: At the present time, antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health hazard, with antimicrobial resistance bacteria increasing exponentially. This study estimates the epidemiological profiles and antimicrobial resistance of Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and Gram-negative bacteria (GNB)  isolated from clinical samples among patients admitted to two University hospitals in Sana'a city for one year (2019). Methods: This was a retrospective study of clinical samples of patients collected from January 1, 2019 to December 30, 2019. All samples were appraised to determine presence of infectious agents using standard methods for isolation and identification of bacteria and yeasts from clinical samples of patients admitted to Al-Gumhouri University Hospital and Al-Kuwait University Hospital in Sana'a city. Antibiotic resistance was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion methods. Results:  2,931 different pathogenic bacteria were detected from 24,690 different clinical specimens. The samples had an overall detection rate of 11.9% (2931/24,690). Among the bacterial pathogens isolated from clinical samples, 52.4% (n=1536) had GPB and 41.2% (n=1207) had GNB. The predominant GNB isolates were E.coli (22.04%), Klebsiella spp (6.03%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.1%), Acinetobacter baumannii (1.46%), Enterobacter spp. (1.09%), Citrobacter spp. (1.16%), respectively. Among the GPB, S.aureus was the most common (26.3%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (8.1%), Non-hemolytic Streptococcus (9.1%), Other alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus (3.9%), Streptococcus pyogenes (1.9%), and Streptococcus pneumoniae (0.5% ). A high rate of antibiotic resistance was recorded for sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (85.5%), ceftazidime (81.07%), ampicillin (70.4%), cefuroxime (66.4%). Conclusions:  The current study results revealed that the rate of resistance between GNB and GPB is associated with the incidence of different infections in patients attending two major tertiary hospitals in Sana'a city is very high. These results indicate ongoing screening and follow-up programs to detect antibiotic resistance, and also suggest the development of antimicrobial stewardship programs in Sana'a, Yemen.                     Peer Review History: Received: 9 September 2021; Revised: 11 October; Accepted: 23 October, Available online: 15 November 2021 Academic Editor:  Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, [email protected] UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency.  Received file:                Reviewer's Comments: Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10 Reviewers: Rima Benatoui, Laboratory of Applied Neuroendocrinology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Badji Mokhtar University Annaba, BP12 E L Hadjar–Algeria, [email protected] Dr. Wadhah Hassan Ali Edrees, Hajja University, Yemen, [email protected] Rola Jadallah, Arab American University, Palestine, [email protected] Similar Articles: PREVALENCE OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA (P. AERUGINOSA) AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERNS AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN SANA'A, YEMEN EVALUATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE OF BIOFILM FORMS OF AVIAN SALMONELLA GALLINARUM TO FLUOROQUINOLONES

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with the occurrence of multiresistant Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis in northern Brazil

2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 901-910
Author(s):  
Lilian Bernardina Ferreira ◽  
◽  
Larissa de Freitas Santiago Israel ◽  
Renata Fernandes Rabello ◽  
Guilherme Nunes de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Staphylococcus bacteria are often associated with subclinical bovine mastitis. This study aimed to identify multiresistant Staphylococcus spp. associated with subclinical mastitis and the associated risk factors. Twenty-three dairy farms with a history of decrease in milk production, located in the lower Acre region, Brazil, were selected. An epidemiological questionnaire was provided in all farms. All animals were examined using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and their milk samples were collected for bacterial culture. After isolation and identification, the disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed against nine classes of antimicrobials. Of the 339 cows examined using the CMT, 108 had mastitis. A total of 229 milk samples were collected from individual teats. MALDI-TOF MS found isolates belonging to eight species of Staphylococcus, in 101 of these samples. S. chromogenes (58.4%) demonstrated strongest resistance to the nine classes of antimicrobial active principles. Nineteen isolates with multidrug resistance phenotypic profile were identified. This phenotypic expression indicates wide circulation of resistant genes in this species. The presence of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus spp. in this study was correlated with lack of water for cleaning the corral, which is a preventive factor, minimizing the transmission and persistence of pathogens in the farms.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Embu and Kajiado Counties, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christine M. Mbindyo ◽  
George C. Gitao ◽  
Charles M. Mulei
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples

Bovine mastitis continues to be a leading cause of heavy economic losses in the dairy industry and a public health hazard globally. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, etiologies of clinical and subclinical mastitis, and associated predisposing factors in Embu and Kajiado counties in Kenya. A semistructured questionnaire was administered to 154 smallholder dairy farmers to collect data on management practices, animal factors, and disease history. A total of 395 dairy cows were initially screened for subclinical mastitis using the California mastitis test (CMT), and milk samples were aseptically collected. Both CMT positive and CMT negative samples were analyzed using conventional bacteriological isolation and identification procedures. In the present study, the overall prevalence of mastitis based on CMT and clinical examination was 80% (316/395), out of which 6.8% (27/395) was clinical mastitis, while 73.1% (289/395) was subclinical mastitis. Based on culture, the overall prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was 51.6% (815/1580), 74.4% (294/395), and 76.6% (118/154) at the quarter, cow, and farm level, respectively. From the 1574 milk samples analyzed by cultured, 1016 bacteria were yielded. The predominant bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), 42.8% (435/1016), and in decreasing order, Streptococcus species, 22.2% (226/1016), Staphylococcus aureus, 15.7% (160/1016), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5.1% (52/1016), and the least was Enterobacter species, 0.7% (7/1016), while 23.7% of the sample yielded no bacterial growth. Risk factor analysis revealed that milking mastitic cows last (p=0.002), using a clean udder drying towel for each cow (p=0.033) and previous history of mastitis (p=0.046) were significantly associated with presence of mastitis. The current study has shown a relatively high prevalence of subclinical mastitis with CNS as predominant bacteria. Therefore, control measures are urgently warranted. Management factors such as milking mastitic cows last, using a clean towel for udder drying for each cow, and culling mastitic cows should be considered and included in the Kenyan mastitis control programs.

Isolation and Identification of Major Mastitis Causing Bacteria from Clinical Cases of Bovine Mastitis in Kashmir Valley

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Waseem ◽  
A. Muhee ◽  
H. U. Malik ◽  
Z. A. Akhoon ◽  
Khusheeba Munir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Dairy Animals ◽  
Clinical Cases

Background: Mastitis is one of the most economically important diseases of dairy animals causing heavy losses in terms of fall in milk production, decreased milk quality and additional costs for veterinary services. Mastitis is caused by a wide variety of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, yeast and mycoplasma, of which bacteria are the most frequently isolated pathogens. Microbiological testing is necessary for identification of cause of mastitis and adaptation of control measures to prevent the disease. The aim of the presnt study was to isolate and identify major mastitis causing bacteria from clinical mastitic cases presented to Veterinary Clinical complex, FVSc. and AH, Shuhama Kashmir for treatment. Methods: A total of 200 bovine milk samples from CMT confirmed clinical mastitis cases were collected and cultured on Nutrient agar, Blood agar, Mac-Conkey agar, Eosine Methylene Blue (EMB) agar, Mannitol salt agar and Edwards media for bacterial isolation. The isolates were then subjected to biochemical tests for identification. Result: Upon microbiological testing and biochemical confirmation, the major mastitis causing bacteria isolated from clinical cases of Bovine mastitis were Staphylococcus Spp. showing highest prevalence of 46.4% followed by mixed infection with Staphylococcus and Streptococcus (20.8%), Streptococci Spp. (18.4%) and Escherichia coli (14.4%).

scholarly journals Transmission of Novel Bacterial Pathogens through Pigs Transported from Myanmar to Mizoram

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lalremruata ◽  
T.K. Dutta ◽  
P. Roychoudhury ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
A. Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Specific Pcr

Background: Illegal migration of pigs/piglets from Myanmar to Mizoram is a common practice to meet the local demands. The migrated animals are suspected as potential carrier of various microbial pathogens. The present study was conducted on isolation, identification and molecular characterization of major bacterial pathogens (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Haemophilus parasuis, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida) in pigs illegally migrated from Myanmar to Mizoram. Methods: A total of 209 rectal swabs and 209 nasal swabs were collected from apparently healthy migrated pigs during October 2018 to April, 2019. All the samples were processed for PCR based detection of target bacterial species followed by isolation and identification by bacteriological techniques. The bacterial species were further confirmed by BD Phoenix automated bacterial identification system and selected virulence genes of the bacterial species were determined by specific PCR assay. Result: By species specific PCR, 110 samples were found to be positive for selected bacterial species, of which 20 (9.57%), 1 (0.478%), 86 (41.15%), 2 (0.956%) and 1 (0.478%) were A. pleuropneumoniae, B. bronchiseptica, H. parasuis, M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida, respectively. A total of 52 bacterial strains were isolated and identified, of which 11, 1, 39 and 1 were A. pleuropneumoniae, B. bronchiseptica, H. parasuis, M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida, respectively. Virulence genes were detected in A. pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis isolates. Based upon the published literatures, this is the first ever report of isolation and identification of pathogenic A. pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis in pigs in India.

scholarly journals Virulence Potential of Penicillium Chrysogenum Isolated from Subclinical Bovine Mastitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 2131-2142
Author(s):  
Fadwa Abdul Razaq Jameel ◽  
Shaimaa Nabhan Yassein
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Hemolytic Activity ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Blood Agar ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Virulence Potential ◽  
Urease Production ◽  
Polymerase Chain

    The present study aimed to the isolation and identification of Penicillium chrysogenum from subclinical bovine mastitis as well as the evaluation of their potential to produce the main virulence factors by assessing proteinase production, urease production, growth rate at 37 ̊C, and hemolytic activity on Blood agar. One hundred milk samples were assembled from the White Gold village and surrounded outlying farms of Abu-Ghraib, Baghdad province, during the period from November 2018 to March 2019. Each milk sample was tested for California Mastitis (CMT). The results indicated that 85% of the samples gave positive (+ve) results for CMT. Sixty six mycotic isolates were detected, including 31 isolates of Penicillium spp. (46.9%) and 23 isolates of P. chrysogenum (34.8%). All of P. chrysogenum isolates were identified by culturing on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar and Czapek Doxes Agar at 25 ºC for 5-7 days. P. chrysogenum was diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of fungal ribosomal DNA (rDNA). The results of genetic identities showed that this fungus had 94% matching with the reference strain. Also, this study indicated that P. chrysogenum has several virulence factors with the ability of this fungus to degrade both proteins (albumin and casein), hydrolyse urea, and grow ate 37 ̊C, but not to confer hemolytic activity on Blood Agar.

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