Factors Influencing the Health Condition of the Adult Population Residing in the Activity Area of Atomic Industry Enterprise

Purpose: Development of the basic directions of a modern strategy for protecting the health of the adult population living in the activity zone of nuclear industry enterprises (using the example of the Seversk population). Material and methods: The object of the study was the population of the city of Seversk, formed around the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises. The subject of the study was demographic indicators; disability; incidence of malignant neoplasms, diseases of the circulatory system, injuries and accidents); socio-economic, behavioral and technological risk factors affecting the occurrence of major diseases. Results: It was established that by the end of the study period (1970–2017), the studied population was in a state of natural population decline due to a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in mortality, while the mortality rate exceeded the birth rate. During the period under review, the primary incidence of malignant neoplasia significantly increased; at the same time, the incidence of cardiovascular diseases, as well as the frequency of injuries and poisoning, decreased. Among the adult population of Seversk, behavioral factors (the habit of smoking, regular use of alcohol, a sedentary lifestyle, lack of regular physical activity) are more common than socio-economic (living conditions, financial situation) risk factors. Important risk factors are incorrect assessment by citizens of their own health and the reasons for its violation. Among Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises workers exposed to tekhnogenic risk factor (long-term occupational exposure), there is an increased risk of cancer death of all localizations taken together, respiratory and digestive organs; bones, joints, mesothelium, soft tissues and genitals. At the same time, the risk of oncological mortality during irradiation was not exceeded in the range of small doses of (up to 100 mSv), and for any of the localization of malignant neoplasms this effect is not dose-dependent. Conclusion: The data obtained made it possible to specify and substantiate the basic directions of the modern strategy for protecting the health of the adult population living in the activity zone of nuclear industry enterprises (using the example of the Seversk population).

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Mismatch Repair Deficiency as a Predictive and Prognostic Biomarker in Molecularly Classified Endometrial Carcinoma

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13133124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 3124

Author(s):

Mikko Loukovaara ◽

Annukka Pasanen ◽

Ralf Bützow

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mismatch Repair ◽

Molecular Classification ◽

The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Molecular Profile ◽

New Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Mmr Deficiency ◽

Endometrial Carcinomas ◽

Risk Of Cancer

The aggressiveness of mismatch repair (MMR) deficient endometrial carcinomas was examined in a single institution retrospective study. Outcomes were similar for MMR proficient (n = 508) and deficient (n = 287) carcinomas, identified by immunohistochemistry. In accordance with molecular classification based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), tumors with abnormal p53 staining or polymerase-ϵ exonuclease domain mutation were excluded from the MMR proficient subgroup, termed as “no specific molecular profile” (NSMP). Compared with NSMP (n = 218), MMR deficiency (n = 191) was associated with poor disease-specific survival (p = 0.001). MMR deficiency was associated with an increased risk of cancer-related death when controlling for confounders (hazard ratio 2.0). In the absence of established clinicopathologic risk factors, MMR deficiency was invariably associated with an increased risk of cancer-related death in univariable analyses (hazard ratios ≥ 2.0). In contrast, outcomes for MMR deficient and NSMP subgroups did not differ when risk factors were present. Lymphatic dissemination was more common (p = 0.008) and the proportion of pelvic relapses was higher (p = 0.029) in the MMR deficient subgroup. Our findings emphasize the need for improved triage to adjuvant therapy and new therapeutic approaches in MMR deficient endometrial carcinomas.

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Long-term risk of second malignancy and cardiovascular disease after Hodgkin lymphoma treatment

Hematology ◽

10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.323 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 (1) ◽

pp. 323-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Flora E. van Leeuwen ◽

Andrea K. Ng

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽

Valvular Heart Disease ◽

Premature Menopause ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Cardiovascular Toxicity ◽

Solid Malignancies ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Long-term survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) experience several late adverse effects of treatment, with second malignant neoplasms (SMNs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) being the leading causes of death in these patients. Other late effects have also been identified, such as pulmonary dysfunction, endocrinopathies (thyroid dysfunction, infertility), neck muscle atrophy, and persistent fatigue. HL survivors have two- to fourfold increased risks to develop SMNs and CVD compared with the general population. With respect to SMNs, radiotherapy is associated with 1.5- to 15-fold increased risk of solid malignancies. The relative risk (RR) of solid tumors increases steadily with increasing follow-up time from 5 to 15 years since radiotherapy, and remains elevated for at least 40 years. The RR of solid SMNs increases strongly with younger age at first treatment. Risks of lung, breast, and gastrointestinal (GI) cancers increase with higher radiation dose. Alkylating agent chemotherapy, especially procarbazine, does not only increase risk of leukemia but also of solid malignancies, in particular, cancers of the lung and GI tract. In contrast, gonadotoxic chemotherapy decreases the risk of radiation-associated breast cancer, through induction of premature menopause. Smoking appears to multiply the radiation- and chemotherapy-associated risks of lung cancer. Both radiotherapy and chemotherapy for HL may cause cardiovascular toxicity. Radiotherapy increases the risk of coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure (HF), and pericarditis, whereas anthracycline-containing chemotherapy increases the risks of HF and valvular heart disease. Cardiovascular toxicity following radiotherapy is usually observed from 5 to at least 35 years after therapy, whereas anthracycline-related toxicity is already observed during treatment, up to at least 25 years. The joint effects of anthracyclines, radiotherapy, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors (eg, hypertension, smoking, and physical inactivity) appear to be additive rather than multiplicative. HL survivors need lifelong risk-based screening for selected SMNs and CVDs. Furthermore, preventive strategies should include lifestyle and drug-based interventions to minimize exposure to conventional risk factors for cancer and CVD.

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A Dietary Intervention of Bioactive Enriched Foods Aimed at Adults at Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: Protocol and Results from PATHWAY-27 Pilot Study

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081814 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1814 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Achim Bub ◽

Corinne Malpuech-Brugère ◽

Caroline Orfila ◽

Julien Amat ◽

Alice Arianna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Adult Population ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Beta Glucan ◽

Double Blind ◽

Pilot Studies ◽

Increased Risk

Around a quarter of the global adult population have metabolic syndrome (MetS) and therefore increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and diabetes. Docosahexaenoic acid, oat beta-glucan and grape anthocyanins have been shown to be effective in reducing MetS risk factors when administered as isolated compounds, but their effect when administered as bioactive-enriched foods has not been evaluated. Objective: The overall aim of the PATHWAY-27 project was to evaluate the effectiveness of bioactive-enriched food consumption on improving risk factors of MetS. A pilot study was conducted to assess which of five bioactive combinations provided within three different food matrices (bakery, dairy or egg) were the most effective in adult volunteers. The trial also evaluated the feasibility of production, consumer acceptability and gastrointestinal tolerance of the bioactive-enriched food. Method: The study included three monocentric, parallel-arm, double-blind, randomised, dietary intervention trials without a placebo. Each recruiting centre tested the five bioactive combinations within a single food matrix. Results: The study was completed by 167 participants (74 male, 93 female). The results indicated that specific bioactive/matrix combinations have effects on serum triglyceride or HDL-cholesterol level without adverse effects. Conclusion: The study evidenced that bioactive-enriched food offers a promising food-based strategy for MetS prevention, and highlighted the importance of conducting pilot studies.

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Public perception of cancer risk.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.1559 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 1559-1559

Author(s):

Lisa Burns ◽

Ursula Kenny ◽

Laura Healy ◽

Samantha Cushen ◽

Seamus O'Reilly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Prevention ◽

Public Perception ◽

Food Irradiation ◽

Cooking Methods ◽

Processed Meat ◽

Cancer Risk Factors ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk Of Cancer

1559 Background: The public’s knowledge of cancer risk factors has rarely been studied in Ireland. An understanding of this can help inform cancer prevention programs. Methods: An online surveywas used to assess the public’s perception of cancer risk. Results: 525 people completed the survey. Mean age was 40yrs (range:18-74), 82% were female and 36% had college degrees. 81% were concerned about developing cancer, however 20% believed if cancer was in their family there was nothing they could do about personal cancer risk. 20% did not know that cancer risk increased with age, 27% believed that >50% of cancers are inherited, and 54% believed 10-20% of cancers are inherited. The top 5 risk factors listed by respondents were: smoking 85%, diet 74%, alcohol 44%, genetics 38%, and environment 31%. Only 32% were aware that obesity is a risk factor for cancer and 33% did not think the location of fat was important for cancer prevention. When given a list of potential behaviours relevant to cancer risk 33% believed wearing a tight bra and 49% believed a blow to the breast could increase cancer risk. 87% believed genetics ‘strongly’ increased risk, 85% stress, and 86% believed cell phones increased risk. 12% believed ‘luck’ was important in avoiding cancer, 35% thought ‘detox’ diets and 61% believed organic food reduced risk. Only 33% agreed with the statement that ‘frozen vegetables/fruit are as good as fresh’, 40% were unaware of the link between red meat and cancer. The following foods were thought to increase risk: cheese (29%), soy (9%), milk chocolate (30%), red wine (25%), and eggs (11%). Aerosol use (71%), cleaning agents (73%), smoking (99%), cooking methods (68%), processed meat (86%), food irradiation (77%), and genetically modified foods (81%) were believed to increased risk. The majority were aware that berries, green tea, garlic, brassica vegetables and physical activity of 30 minutes a day can reduce cancer risk. Conclusions: There is a sizable portion of the population who are misinformed about cancer risk. Most are aware of classic risk factors (e.g. smoking, poor diet). Many overestimate risk attributable to genetics, environment, stress, and underestimate age, obesity and sunlight. One in 5 believes lifetime risk of cancer is non-modifiable.

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22. IS HELICOBACTER PYLORI A STI? - A PILOT STUDY

Sexual Health ◽

10.1071/shv4n4ab22 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

S. Sawleshwarkar ◽

G. Eslick ◽

C. Chung ◽

R. Jones ◽

A. Mindel

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Sexual Risk ◽

Low Income ◽

Adult Population ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽

Low Income Countries ◽

Health Clinic ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Increased Risk

Background: Helicobacter pylori is responsible for chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease and is associated with an increased risk of developing stomach cancer. The seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in the Australian-born adult population is about 20% and increases with age. The exact mode of transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection remains unknown and it has been suggested that sexual transmission may be important. This study is a preliminary investigation into a possible association between sexual risk factors and Helicobacter pylori infection. Subjects and methods: All patients aged 18 and above, presenting to the Parramatta Sexual Health Clinic and were having blood taken for any other purpose, were eligible for the study. Blood samples were collected for Helicobacter pylori serology using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect Helicobacter pylori IgG. Demographic information and data regarding sexual behaviour and risk factors for sexually transmitted infections was obtained. The sample size to detect a 15% difference between the study population and the general Australian population with 90% power was 105. To allow for minor variations we plan to recruit 125 participants. Results: To date, 65 patients (75.4% males) have been enrolled in the study and 10 (7 males and 3 females) (15.4%) were positive for Helicobacter pylori. One additional result was equivocal. 24.6% of the participants were born outside Australia and out of 8 who belonged to middle and low-income countries, three had positive serology. The full results of the study, including seroprevalence and the demographic and sexual risk factors, will be presented.

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INTERRELATION OF microRNAS AND TRANSPOSONS IN AGING AND CARCINOGENESIS

Успехи геронтологии ◽

10.34922/ae.2021.34.4.003 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 516-529

Author(s):

Р.Н. Мустафин

Keyword(s):

Transposable Elements ◽

Anticancer Drugs ◽

Epigenetic Regulation ◽

Mobile Genetic Elements ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Epigenetic Changes ◽

Physiological Aging ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Risk Of Cancer ◽

The Relationship

Активация мобильных генетических элементов играет роль в канцерогенезе и физиологическом старении человека, которое ассоциировано с развитием злокачественных новообразований. В данной статье представлены результаты анализа данных о наличии единых эпигенетических изменений при старении и канцерогенезе, обусловленных динамикой экспрессии происходящих от транспозонов микроРНК. Было выявлено, что при старении нарушается экспрессия происходящей от транспозонов 21 специфической микроРНК, уровень которых меняется также при злокачественных новообразованиях. Ранее подобных свидетельств о взаимосвязи механизмов старения и канцерогенеза на эпигенетическом уровне не было представлено. Полученные результаты позволяют предположить, что одним из ключевых механизмов старения является дисбаланс в запрограммированной активации мобильных генетических элементов, что отражается на изменении эпигенетической регуляции организма и приводит к повышенному риску развития рака. Так как прекурсоры микроРНК могут транслироваться с образованием функциональных молекул, применяемые в геронтологии пептиды могут быть рассмотрены как потенциальные противоопухолевые препараты. Dysregulation of transposable elements plays a key role in human carcinogenesis. Physiological aging in humans is also caused by deregulation of transposons. Moreover, aging is associated with the development of cancer. We presented the results of an analysis of data on the presence of common epigenetic changes during aging and carcinogenesis, associated with changes in the expression of microRNAs derived from transposons. We found that aging is characterized by changes in the expression of 21 specific transposon-derived microRNAs associated with the development of malignant neoplasms. Before us, evidence similar to ours on the relationship between the mechanisms of aging and carcinogenesis at the epigenetic level has not been presented. We hypothesized that one of the key mechanisms of aging is an imbalance in the programmed activation of mobile genetic elements, which is reflected in changes in the body’s epigenetic regulation and leads to an increased risk of cancer. Since miRNA precursors can be translated with the formation of functional molecules, peptides used in gerontology can be considered as potential anticancer drugs.

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Prevalence of depression and anxiety and their association with cardiovascular risk factors in Northeast Brasil primary care patients

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/1806-9282.65.6.801 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 801-809 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marcelo Antônio Oliveira Santos-Veloso ◽

Maria Isa Souza Lacerda de Melo ◽

Roberta Azevedo Neves Cavalcanti ◽

Lucas Soares Bezerra ◽

Ândrea Virgínia Chaves-Markman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Primary Care ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Adult Population ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Basic Care ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Prevalence Of Depression ◽

History Of

SUMMARY BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety disorders (DAD) are the most prevalent mental health conditions worldwide. Among the adult population served in basic care, it is estimated that depression affects about 14.3% of these individuals worldwide, and between 21.4% and 31% in Brasil. Anxiety affects up to 33.7% of the population during their lifetimes. OBJECTIVES: estimate the prevalence proportions of DAD among patients in a municipality in Northeast Brasil and study the association between DAD and cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: a cross-sectional study with the medical records of patients from primary care centers in Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Pernambuco. Patients aged ≥ 18 years and regularly followed-up were included. Exclusion criteria: a history of traumatic brain injury, alcohol or drug abuse, previous stroke, medical conditions or medications that mimic DAD symptoms. Subjects were divided into two groups depending on the presence or absence of DAD, and cardiovascular risk factors were compared between groups. RESULTS: A total of 1030 subjects were initially included, of whom 215 (20%) were excluded. No-DAD subjects had more history of myocardial infarction and alcoholism. The prevalence of depression was 10.3%, anxiety disorder was 27.1%, and mixed DAD represented 4.5%. There was a significant association between DAD and hypertension (OR = 2.11; 95%CI: 1.16 –3.84; p=0.01), obesity (OR = 4.47; 95%CI: 1.74 –11.46; p=0.002), and hyperlipidemia (OR = 3.88; 95%CI: 1.81-8.3; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: DAD were associated with an increased risk for arterial hypertension, obesity, and hyperlipidemia.

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1388Risk factors for chronic cough in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.749 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jingwen Zhang ◽

Jennifer Perret ◽

Anne Chang ◽

Nur Idrose ◽

Dinh Bui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Chronic Cough ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adult Population ◽

Occupational Exposures ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Lower Education ◽

Longitudinal Associations

Abstract Background Despite the challenges of diagnosing and managing adult patients with chronic cough, a systematic synthesis of evidence on aetiological risk factor is lacking. Methods We systematically searched PUBMED and EMBASE to synthesize the current evidence for longitudinal associations between various risk factors and chronic cough in the general adult population, following the meta-analysis of observation studies in epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the included studies. Fixed-effect meta-analysis was conducted where appropriate. Results Of 26 eligible articles, 16 domains of risk factors were assessed. There was consistent evidence that asthma (pooled adjusted OR (aOR) = 3.01; 95%CI: 2.33-3.70; I2=0%, number of articles (N)=3) and low education levels/socioeconomic status (SES) (pooled aOR=1.46; 95%CI: 1.20-1.72; I2=0%; N = 3) were associated with an increased risk of chronic cough after adjusting for smoking and other confounders. While continuous smoking was associated chronic cough (aOR =1.81; 95%CI: 1.36,2.26; I2=57%; N = 3), there was too little evidence to draw conclusions for occupational exposures, outdoor air pollution, early-life exposures, diet, snoring and other chronic conditions. Conclusions Asthma, persistent smoking and lower education/SES were associated with increased risk of chronic cough. Longitudinal associations between other factors frequently mentioned empirically need further investigation. Key messages Our systematic review found asthma, smoking and lower education to be associated with adult chronic cough. More longitudinal studies are needed to understand other potential risk factors for adult chronic cough.

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Second Malignant Neoplasms in Patients With Rhabdomyosarcoma

Frontiers in Oncology ◽

10.3389/fonc.2021.757095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Hongnan Zhen ◽

Zhikai Liu ◽

Hui Guan ◽

Jiabin Ma ◽

Wenhui Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Malignant Neoplasm ◽

The United States ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Second Malignant Neoplasm ◽

Second Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Risk Patients ◽

Independent Risk Factors

ObjectiveRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignant tumor. The main treatment modality is comprehensive with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. With the advancement in recent decades, patient survival has been prolonged, and long-term complications are attracting increasing attention among both physicians and patients. This study aimed to present the survival of patients with RMS and analyze the risk factors for the development of a second malignant neoplasm (SMN).MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program 18 registry database from 1973 to 2015 of the National Cancer Institute of the United States was used for the survival analyses, and the SEER 9 for the SMN analysis.ResultsThe 5-, 10-, and 20-year overall survival rates of the patients with RMS were 45%, 43%, and 33%, respectively. The risk of SMN was significantly higher in patients with RMS compared to the general population (SIR=1.95, 95% CI: 1.44 – 2.57, p < 0.001). The risk of developing SMN was increased in multiple locations, including the bones and joints (SIR = 35.25) soft tissues including the heart (SIR = 22.5), breasts (SIR = 2.10), male genital organs (SIR = 118.14), urinary system (SIR = 2.36), brain (SIR = 9.21), and all nervous system organs (SIR = 8.59). The multivariate analysis indicated that RMS in the limbs and earlier diagnosis time were independent risk factors for the development of SMN. Patients with head and neck (OR = 0.546, 95% CI: 0.313 – 0.952, p = 0.033) and trunk RMS (OR = 0.322, 95% CI: 0.184 – 0.564. p < 0.001) and a later diagnosis time were less likely to develop SMN (OR = 0.496, 95% CI: 0.421 – 0.585, p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study describes the risk factors associated with the development of SMN in patients with RMS, which is helpful for the personalized screening of high-risk patients with RMS.

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Abstract 14854: Optimal Cut-off Points of Waist Circumference for Detecting Central Obesity and Severe Central Obesity in Chinese Adults

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.14854 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaoxiao Wen ◽

Jinzhuang Mai ◽

Xiangmin Gao ◽

Min Guo ◽

Yong Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Roc Curve ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Adult Population ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

Chinese Adult ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Left Corner

Introduction: Given that no consensus has yet been reached over the optimal cut-off points of waist circumference (WC) for Chinese, this study aimed to determine the appropriate cut-off points of WC for detecting central obesity and severe central obesity in a Chinese adult population. Methods: Data from the cross-sectional survey of the PRC-USA Collaborative study of Cardiovascular and Cardiopulmonary Epidemiology in 1993-1994 was used, including 10265 subjects (4921 men and 5344 women) aged 35-69 years. Each integer of WC in centimeters was used as the cut-off point to detect clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, which was defined as the presence of two or more risk factors among hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Based on the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, the WC value corresponding to the point on the ROC curve nearest to the upper left corner of the ROC graph was considered the optimal cut-off for central obesity and the value corresponding to the point with specificity of 90% or more was considered the optimal cut-off for severe central obesity. Results: The optimal cut-off value of WC to detect clustering of risk factors was ≥84 cm for men and was ≥80 cm for women with the shortest distance to the upper left corner being 0.4304 and 0.4504, respectively. The cut-off values of WC with specificity above 90% were ≥93 cm and ≥91 cm for men and women respectively. Conclusions: These results were equal or similar to the WC cut-off points proposed by the Guidelines for Prevention and Control of Overweight and Obesity in Chinese Adults, i.e., ≥85/80 cm (men/women) for increased risk for obesity related diseases and ≥95/90 cm (men/women) for much higher risk. For practical reasons, WC≥85/80 cm and ≥95/90 cm (men/women) could be the optimal cut-off values for detecting central obesity and severe central obesity, respectively, in Chinese adult population.

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