Formation of Administrative Mechanisms for Central Asia Countries’ Transit Economy Development in Conditions оf Integration and Instability. Part 2

Upravlenie ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Зоидов ◽  
K. Zoidov ◽  
Медков ◽  
A. Medkov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Right

Methods related to formation of management mechanisms for development of Central Asia countries’ transit economy in conditions of integration and instability have been considered in this paper. The transit economy is the business system in which the receipts from the transmission of energy, energy commodities, water resources, freight and passenger traffic through the country’s territory, as well as provision of transit services constitute a weighty part of the revenue for authorities, businesses and population in the territory, one of the foundations of their welfare. Development of cross-border transportation of goods and implementation of transport and transit potential of Russia and Central Asian countries can and should become a substantial income sources for business entities, all level budgets and population, as well as the engine for industrial and technological upgrading, institutional and organizational evolution for the economical systems of countries and integration associations. Market advantages and disadvantages of the main projects related to construction and modernization of communication lines in the region have been presented, prerequisites for creation of transport corridors’ crossing points and formation of transport and logistics centers (nodes) in the States’ territory have been revealed. It has been shown that although the Central Asia States are competing for the right to become such centers, their common interest is to maximize the use of all transport and transit potential of the region that provides the transit economy stability. Emphasis has been placed on the development of international transport corridor North — South, the conclusion of preference for the use of its new eastern branch passing along the route Uzen (Kazakhstan) — Gorgan (Iran) through the Turkmenistan territory has been justified.

Formation of Administrative Mechanisms for Development of Central Asia Countries’ Transit Economy in Conditions of Integration and Instability

Upravlenie ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Зоидов ◽  
K. Zoidov ◽  
Медков ◽  
A. Medkov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Transit Services ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
The Right

Methods related to formation of management mechanisms for development of Central Asia countries’ transit economy in conditions of integration and instability have been considered in this paper. The transit economy is the business system in which the receipts from the transmission of energy, energy commodities, water resources, freight and passenger traffic through the country’s territory, as well as provision of transit services constitute a weighty part of the revenue for authorities, businesses and population in the territory, one of the foundations of their welfare. Development of cross-border transportation of goods and implementation of transport and transit potential of Russia and Central Asian countries can and should become a substantial income sources for business entities, all level budgets and population, as well as the engine for industrial and technological upgrading, institutional and organizational evolution for the economical systems of countries and integration associations. Market advantages and disadvantages of the main projects related to construction and modernization of communication lines in the region have been presented, prerequisites for creation of transport corridors’ crossing points and formation of transport and logistics centers (nodes) in the States’ territory have been revealed. It has been shown that although the Central Asia States are competing for the right to become such centers, their common interest is to maximize the use of all transport and transit potential of the region that provides the transit economy stability. Emphasis has been placed on the development of international transport corridor North — South, the conclusion of preference for the use of its new eastern branch passing along the route Uzen (Kazakhstan) — Gorgan (Iran) through the Turkmenistan territory has been justified.

scholarly journals ROADS OF CENTRAL ASIA. THE NEW INTERNATIONAL TRANSIT PROJECTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Borisova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Western China ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Relevant Today ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Central Asian Republics

The development of international trade implies the use of the territory of Central Asia as a transit zone, through which the routes China–Europe, China – the middle East should be laid. The existing communication capabilities are not enough, so new directions are being developed (Railways “China–Kazakhstan – Turkmenistan–Iran”, “Turkmenistan– Afghanistan–Tajikistan”, ”China–Kyrgyzstan–Uzbekistan”; multimodal transit corridors” Lazurit”,” TRANS – Caspian international transport route”; such highways as “Western China– Western Europe”). However, paved roads, both rail and road, do not always meet expectations in terms of the volume of cargo passing through them (projects “China – Kazakhstan – Turkmenistan – Iran” and the Lapis lazuli corridor). Their loading is delayed “until better times” either due to the unstable political background, or due to the lack of necessary commodity flows in both directions. In some cases, there is a lack of political will to make appropriate decisions. Finished projects are unprofitable. None of the international transit projects announced or even completed over the past 20 years through the Central Asian republics has been fully operational. Meanwhile, international transit allows not only to fill the state budget, but also to solve issues of internal connectivity of territories. This task is most relevant today for Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, which have become hostages of their own geography, with localities separated by impassable mountain ranges.

NATO and Central Asia: Security, interests and values in a strategic region

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Vinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Democratic Values ◽  
Partnership For Peace ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe author provides an analytical overview of NATO's relations with, and policies towards, its Central Asian Partners. Since 11 September 2001, pursuing deeper engagement with Central Asian governments responds to the — at times conflicting — requirements of realpolitik and of advancing core values upon which the Alliance was founded sixty years ago, and which are also enshrined in its Partnership for Peace (PfP). In analysing this tension between pragmatism and idealism, the article focuses on five main aspects. The author concludes that NATO's approach towards Central Asia reflects an ever-present/inherent tension between pursuing security imperatives, underlying interests and core values. The result is a complex and somewhat uneasy policy, which seeks to reconcile these at times contradictory elements. Hence the Alliance has pursued enhanced engagement with Central Asian Partners in the belief that through daily cooperation in key areas of NATO and/or common interest, some core democratic values would eventually be incorporated into Partners' approach towards security, the role of the military, and international co-operation, thus benefiting the long term process of democratisation.

scholarly journals Caspian Vector of the EAEU Transport and Logistics Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
I. B. Mamedov
Keyword(s):  
Transport Policy ◽  
Passenger Traffic ◽  
The North ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Silk Road Economic Belt ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
The Silk Road

One of the goals of the Eurasian Economic Union is the formation of single markets for goods, services, capital and labor resources. A key aspect for the realization of the stated goal is the development of the EAEU transport and logistics potential. The formation of a single transport space, ensuring the free movement of goods and passenger traffic require an expansion of the EAEU participation in main international logistics projects, as well as the achievement of an agreed transport policy of member states. The purpose of this article is to determine the possibilities and limitations of interactions between the EAEU and Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkmenistan in the transport and logistics sphere. The article analyses the main directions and objectives of the EAEU transport policy, assesses the dynamics of the main indicators of the Union’s transport activities. The author considered key international transport projects for the EAEU. Logistics programs and corridors that pass through the territories of Azerbaijan, Iran and Turkmenistan are highlighted: the North-South international transport corridor, the EAEU and the Silk Road Economic Belt interface project, as well as the Central Asian regional economic cooperation programs and the Europe-Caucasus-Asia corridor project. The transit potential of the Caspian region in general and the territories of the represented countries in particular was studied. Analysis of the retrospective of relations of the EAEU with these countries is presented. The main result of the study is a description of promising areas of cooperation, individual projects and formats of cooperation in the transport and logistics sphere between the EAEU and the countries of the southern Caspian Sea. The author concludes that it is necessary to rehabilitate and reactualize the idea of the “Great Eurasian Partnership” in the light of the identified restrictions for the full integration of South Caspian countries into the EAEU.

scholarly journals Central Asia Reader

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-575
Author(s):  
Farkhad S. Juraev
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of ◽  
Full Force ◽  
The Right

The collapse of the Soviet Union and the creation of new independentstates has generated great interest among scholars and politiciansin the history and contemporary situation in the region. CentralAsia is not an exception to this case. Viewed in this light, Central Asia: The Rediscovery of History is a welcome contribution towardintroducing the western scholarly community to the politics of CentralAsia.The book is composed of a number of articles published by Turkiclanguage specialists from 1904 to 1990, and of official documents fromCentral Asia and Azerbaijan. The integration processes of the Turkicpeoples, which began during the Soviet period, are now in full force. In1990, the heads of the Central Asian republics signed a treaty for economicand cultural cooperation. The treaty was also signed by Tajikistan,the only representative of the Indo-European family in CentralAsia. The integration envisioned a united economic space betweenKazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgystan. In the 1992 and 1994 summitsheld in Ankara and Istanbul, Turkey and five newly independent Turkicstates confirmed their desire to cooperate in the economic and politicalarenas. Therefore, attention to Central Asian problems and the publicationof several scholarly works from this region are symbolic, to someextent, of the attention being paid to the significance of a commonTurkic tradition and the possibilities of a meaningful integration in the“Great Turan.”The book begins with Ayaz Malikov’s “The Question of the Turk:The Way out of the Crisis.” This chapter actually sets the tone for thewhole book by making a case for the need to attract the attention ofscholarly and political circles from around the world to the problems ofthe Turkic nations and their suffering under Soviet rule. His statementthat “our peoples do not have their own history” seems to be true, forall of the nations (not only the Turkic ones) in the former Soviet Unionhad to study mainly the history of the Russian state at the expense ofdeveloping their own historical consciousness. No doubt the author isright in his claims about Soviet violations of the rights of Turkic communitiesin Russia, especially the right to study in their own languagesat schools and universities and even the right to listen to programsbroadcast by western radio stations in their native languages. Arguingthat the political history of the Turkic nations extends backwards formore than two thousand years (p. 4), Malikov calls for the right ofTurkic peoples to seek unification without fear of being charged withadvocating “Pan-Turkism” (p. 6). The author appeals for the formationof a terminological commission that will be entrusted with seeking theunification of the Turkic language.All of the other chapters-Muhammad Ali’s “Let Us Learn about OurHeritage: Get to Know Yourself,” Zeki Togan’s “The Origins of theKazakhs and Ozbeks,” and Kahar Barat’s “Discovery of History: TheBurial Site of Kashgarli Mahmud”-are attempts to prove the Turkic originsof Central Asia since antiquity. Ali’s attempt to connect the term“Turan” with the ethnic term “Turkic” by referring to the Shah-ndma ofAbul Qasem Firdousi is quite novel, if not eccentric, as is his attributionof the Iranian language’s dominance in Central Asia as being the result ...

Agrarian receipts as a tool for the structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agrarian business of the region

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-53
Author(s):  
Yuliia Nehoda
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Agricultural Business ◽  
Business Entities

The subject of the research – is a set of organizational-economic relations arising in the process of structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business. The purpose of the article is a retrospective analysis of structural transformations of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business, evaluation of the effectiveness and feasibility of the introduction of agricultural receipts as a new instrument of lending to the agricultural business of the regions. Methodology of work – system-structural and comparative analyzes (to determine the effectiveness of the crediting mechanism according to the agricultural receipts of the farmers of the region); monographic (when studying the problems of the functioning of the mechanism of lending to agrarians by agrarian receipts) economic analysis (when carrying out a comparative analysis of the mechanism of classical bank lending to the agrarian business and the mechanism of lending to agrarians according to agrarian receipts); modeling and forecasting (when determining ways to overcome the existing deficiencies in the mechanism of lending to agrarian business entities of the region according to agrarian receipts). The results of the work – a retrospective analysis of the structural transformation of financial and credit relations in the agricultural business was carried out. The mechanism of crediting agrarians according to agrarian receipts and the scale of its distribution in the agrarian business of the region are considered. A comparative analysis of the mechanism of classical bank lending to the agrarian business and the mechanism of lending to agrarians according to agrarian receipts was carried out. In the framework of the pilot project “Agrarian receipts in Ukraine” of the international financial corporation (IFC) in partnership with the Swiss Confederation in Ukraine, the example of the Poltava region defined the effectiveness of the crediting mechanism according to the agrarian receipts of the agrarians of the region. The advantages and disadvantages of the mechanism of crediting the subjects of the agrarian business on agrarian receipts are noted. The ways to overcome the existing shortcomings of the mechanism of crediting the subjects of the agrarian business of the region according to agricultural receipts are determined. Conclusions – according to the results of the conducted research, the effectiveness of the mechanism of lending to the agricultural business of the regions according to agricultural receipts was proved, its advantages and disadvantages were noted, and attention was also focused. Proposed in Art. 7 of Law No. 5479-VI clearly delineate cases and restrictions on the debtor’s reimbursement of expenses incurred by the lender with the acquisition of the right to grow and harvest the pledged crop of agricultural products, which will ensure the principle of equality of parties on economic benefits and distribution of credit risks according to agricultural receipts.

Problems of military-political interaction between the countries of the West and Central Asia at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Boris G. Koybaev
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Military Bases ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
The West ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
Western Influence ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Political Interaction ◽  
The Military

Central Asia in recent history is a vast region with five Muslim States-new actors in modern international relations. The countries of Central Asia, having become sovereign States, at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries are trying to peaceful interaction not only with their underdeveloped neighbors, but also with the far-off prosperous West. At the same time, the United States and Western European countries, in their centrosilic ambitions, seek to increase their military and political presence in Central Asia and use the military bases of the region’s States as a springboard for supplying their troops during anti-terrorist and other operations. With the active support of the West, the Central Asian States were accepted as members of the United Nations. For monitoring and exerting diplomatic influence on the regional environment, the administration of the President of the Russian Federation H. W. Bush established U.S. embassies in all Central Asian States. Turkey, a NATO member and secular Islamic state, was used as a lever of indirect Western influence over Central Asian governments, and its model of successful development was presented as an example to follow.

Sedelnikovaea baicalensis (Lecanoraceae) — new lichen genus and species for Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-416
Author(s):  
T. V. Makryi
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Lichen Species ◽  
Significant Part ◽  
The Urals ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Northeastern Siberia ◽  
Mountain Belts ◽  
First Time ◽  
Vast Range

Sedelnikovaea baicalensis, the Siberian-Central Asian lichen species, is recorded for the first time for Europe. Based on all the known localities, including those first-time reported from Baikal Siberia, the peculiarities of the ecology and distribution of this species are discussed, the map of its distribution is provided. It is concluded that the species was erroneously considered earlier as a Central Asian endemic. The center of the present range of this lichen is the steppes of Southern Siberia and Mongolia. Assumptions are made that S. baicalensis is relatively young (Paleogene-Neogene) species otherwise it would have a vast range extending beyond Asia, and also that the Yakut locations of this species indicate that in the Pleistocene its range was wider and covered a significant part of the Northeastern Siberia but later underwent regression. Based on the fact that in the mountains of Central Asia the species is found only in the upper mountain belts, it is proposed to characterize it as «cryo-arid xerophyte» in contrast to «arid xerophytes». A conclusion is made that the presence of extensive disjunctions of S. baicalensis range between the Southern Pre-Urals and the Altai-Sayan Mountains or the Mountains of Central Asia is unlikely; the lichen is most likely to occur in the Urals and most of Kazakhstan.

Language as a Factor in the New Identity Formation (Illustrated by Central Asian States)

2019 ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
Tetiana Liashenko
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Positive Image ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Languages ◽  
The Russian Language

Attempts to build a “Russian world” within the former Soviet republics of Central Asia by introducing an idea of a single linguistic, cultural and political space with the Russian Federation are studied in the article. The threats to the Central Asian countries’ information space are analyzed. The data on gradual changing of orientations of the Central Asian states’ citizens when choosing sources of information is provided. It is concluded that the technologies of the Russian Federation’s propaganda in Central Asia are aimed primarily at the formation of the president of Russia positive image among the widest possible groups of population. Attempts to push so-called “the Russian world”, which already jeopardize global peaceful balance, are grounded, in particular, on a widespread use of the Russian language within the territories of the former USSR that serves to propagate an idea of a single linguistic, cultural and political space. At the same time, a revival and development of national languages and cultures are intensively ongoing in all new independent states. It provokes a confrontation that often causes points of tension and conflicts. A large number of the Russian media, including federal state editions, TV channels. the Sputnik news agency etc. operates in Central Asian information space. Using own controlled media, the Kremlin seeks to convince the Central Asian states’ citizens that the Russia’s foreign policy is a right one, as well as to form a positive image of Russia and president Putin as a politician who is capable to ensure stability and security in the Central Asian region. The Russian Federation pays a special attention to Eastern Kazakhstan, where a large number of ethnic Russians is concentrated. Kazakhstan has much in common with Ukraine on its ethnic population composition, economic situation and geographical proximity to Russia. As in Ukraine, the ethnic Russians make up about 1/5 of the population in Kazakhstan, meanwhile the Russian language is widely used in all spheres. Russia calls its initiative a “humanitarian project”, but there is no doubt that the Kremlin is fighting for minds of younger generation, trying to impose own culture and values on young people. Recently, while alternative sources of information have been spreading, more and more Central Asian habitants opt for online information in their national languages, considering Russianspeaking news resources to be a propaganda.

New European Union strategy for Central Asia

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-79
Author(s):  
S. Gavrilova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Central Asian Countries

For several decades, the European Union has been steadily increasing its presence in Central Asian countries. The EU's interests in the region are due to a number of reasons, including the desire to expand its influence in the Central Asian countries, the high importance of the region as a transit corridor between Europe and China, the prospects for economic cooperation, and the importance of the region's energy potential. In May 2019 The European Union has presented a new Strategy for Central Asia, designed to intensify cooperation in a number of areas of interaction. The new strategy is aimed at both implementing these interests and expanding cooperation in a number of other areas.

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