scholarly journals Load of gondola with floor decking at handling operations

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Владимир Кобищанов ◽  
Vladimir Kobishchanov ◽  
Кирилл Герасимов ◽  
Kirill Gerasimov ◽  
Дмитрий Расин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Normal Stresses ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Load Drop ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Car Body ◽  
Deflected Mode ◽  
Solid Type

A gondola with a body of solid type – an eco-nomically effective unit of a rollingstock. Most of the damages of gondola bodies is caused at handling operations with the failure of requirements observance established. In the paper the assessment of deflected mode body in the body at the lump load drop with the mass of 500 kg is carried out. Normal stresses and travels arising at the blow of load in the sections of joints of frame beams between each other, side and end walls are analyzed. The values of stresses three times higher than the foreseen ones with “Standards…” are adopted as reference valuations. It is substantiated by test results and the comparison of material characteristics at deadweight and dynamic loads. As a result of car body multichoice computations on basis of the detailed MCE there was established the following: the closer the place of a lump blow to a supporting longitudinal to the car body end is, the stresses are higher in it. Stresses arising in the supporting longitudinal situated between an end girder and a body bolster beam reach 998 H/mm, at the same time in the middle of the car body of a gondola they do not exceed 450 H⁄mm². If a load lump falls down on the joint of cross-beams and longitudinal ones, then stresses in their sections 10-15 times less, than if the fall were to a strengthening beam. In the main the maximum stress distribution is limited by small areas located between two neighboring crossbeams. The research results have shown, it is necessary that additional bearing elements absorbing a blow should be introduced in a frame.

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA SMP PADA TEMA ENERGI DALAM TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN METODE 4STMD

EDUSAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Gia Juniar Nur Wahidah ◽  
Sjaeful Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Concept Maps ◽  
The Body ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Selection Step ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This research aims to produce science teaching materials in junior level with Energy in The Body as the theme using Four Steps Teaching Material Development  (4STMD). The material is presented in an integrated way so that students can  think holistically and contextually. The method used in this study is Research and Development. In this R&D methods is used 4STMD. There are four steps done on the development of teaching materials, the selection step, structuring step, characterization, and didactic reduction. Selection step includes the selection of indicators in accordance with the demands of the curriculum which is then developed with the selection of concepts and values that are integrated with the concept of science. Structuring step includes make macro structures, concept maps, and multiple representations. Characterization's step includes preparation instruments, then  trial to students to identify difficult concepts. The last, didactic reduction was done by neglect and the annotations in the form of sketches.The test results readability aspect instructional materials lead to the conclusion that by determining the main idea, the legibility of teaching materials reached 67%, with moderate readability criteria. Test results of feasibility aspects based on the results of questionnaires to the 11 teachers lead to the conclusion that the overall, level of eligibility teaching materials reached 91% with the eligibility criteria well. Keywords: teaching materials; energy; 4STMD Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar IPA SMP pada tema Energi dalam Tubuh menggunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Materi disajikan secara terpadu sehingga memacu siswa untuk berpikir secara holistik dan kontekstual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Dalam penelitian dan pengembangan yang ini, digunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Terdapat empat tahap yang dilakukan pada pengembangan bahan ajar, yakni tahap seleksi, strukturisasi, karakterisasi, dan reduksi didaktik. Tahap seleksi meliputi pemilihan indikator yang sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum yang kemudian dikembangkan dengan pemilihan konsep dan nilai yang diintegrasikan dengan konsep IPA. Tahap strukturisasi meliputi pembuatan struktur makro, peta konsep, dan multipel representasi dari materi. Tahap karakterisasi meliputi penyusunan instrumen karakterisasi, kemudian uji coba kepada siswa untuk mengidentifikasi konsep sulit. Tahap terakhir, yaitu reduksi didaktik konsep terhadap konsep sulit. Reduksi didaktik yang dilakukan berupa pengabaian dan penggunaan penjelasan berupa sketsa. Hasil uji aspek keterbacaan bahan ajar menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa berdasarkan penentuan ide pokok, keterbacaan bahan ajar mencapai 67%, dengan kriteria keterbacaan tinggi. Hasil uji aspek kelayakan berdasarkan hasil angket terhadap 11 orang guru menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa secara keseluruhan tingkat kelayakan bahan ajar mencapai 91% dengan kriteria kelayakan baik sekali. Kata Kunci: bahan ajar; energi; 4STMD  Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v8i2.2039  

High Frequency Vibration Analysis of Automotive Body Panels with Damping Materials

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 293-296
Author(s):  
Yoshio Kurosawa ◽  
Takao Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The Body ◽  
Viscoelastic Damping ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Automotive Body ◽  
Modal Damping ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Damping Materials

We have developed a technique for estimating vibrations of an automotive body structures with viscoelastic damping materials using large-scale finite element (FE) model, which will enable us to grasp and to reduce high-frequency road noise（200～500Hz）. In the new technique, first order solutions for modal loss factors are derived applying asymptotic method. This method saves calculation time to estimate modal damping as a practical tool in the design stages of the body structures. Frequency responses were calculated using this technique and the results almost agreed with the test results. This technique can show the effect of the viscoelastic damping materials on the automotive body panels, and it enables the more efficient layout of the viscoelastic damping materials. Further, we clarified damping properties of the automotive body structures under coupled vibration between frames and panels with the viscoelastic damping materials.

Designing a detachable body with sliding side walls and a roof

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71
Author(s):  
O. I. Zaynitdinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Practical Importance ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Car Body ◽  
Simultaneous Loading ◽  
Side Walls ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Technical Solutions

Objective: Selection of technical solutions for designing a covered detachable body fence with sliding side walls and a roof. Methods: A detachable body with sliding side walls and a roof was designed in accordance with several technical and regulatory documents using the KOMPAS-3D design software. Results: The covered detachable body with sliding side walls and a roof designed for the carriage of goods that require protection from atmospheric precipitation has been proposed. A scheme of a lock for side sliding doors and a linkage scheme of the doors’ middle part have been developed. Drawings of the main load-bearing elements of the car body are presented, including the underframe with three longitudinal and several transverse and auxiliary beams. The diagram of fastening the sliding door roller assemblies on the car body to the lower longitudinal beams and to the upper beam is given. Practical importance: The covered detachable body with sliding side walls and a roof allows reducing the time and human effort of loading and unloading the car, provides simultaneous loading and unloading of goods both from the side and from the top of the body using various hoisting devices.

Theoretical and Numerical Calculation on the Added Mass of Ahmed Body

2017 ◽  
Vol 865 ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
Gui Tao Du
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Calculation ◽  
Theoretical Calculation ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Aerodynamic Drag ◽  
Added Mass ◽  
The Body ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Car Body ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ahmed Body

Because of the added mass, the aerodynamic drag of the automobile will increase obviously when accelerating in the still air. In this paper, it firstly gave the definition of the added mass, and presented that there was little research on the calculation of the added mass of automobile. Then through the analysis of the theoretical calculation method for the added mass, it pointed out that, for the added mass of the car-body with a complex shape, there was much difficulty in the theoretical calculation. Alternatively, a numerical calculation method for the added mass of car-body was derived. The simulation model adopted the Ahmed body and the corresponding verification experiment was completed in the Tongji Automotive Wind Tunnel center. The results indicate that the added mass is a constant which is only dependent on the body-shape. For the model investigated, the added mass is 0.0052kg that is approximately equal to the air displaced by the car-body. As the body accelerates to 4m/s2, the aerodynamic drag is increased by 1.89% because of added mass. Therefore, it needs to pay more attention to the impact that the added mass has on the dynamic performance of vehicle when proceeding the aerodynamic designs (especially for the high power performance vehicles). Meanwhile, it still makes a correction to the conventional aerodynamic drag formula. This paper also demonstrates that, with the analysis of the flow-field of car-body, the added mass essentially stems from the additionally work done by the car-body to increase the kinetic energy of external fluid as it speeds up.

scholarly journals Differences in anthropometric characteristics between young soccer players (U19) members of the best soccer clubs in Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
J. Gardasevic ◽  
D. Bjelica ◽  
I. Vasiljevic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
The Body ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics ◽  
Post Hoc

Background and Study Aim: The aim of this research was to determine the differences between the young soccer players (U19) in terms of anthropometric characteristics and body composition. We considered players of three the most successful clubs in three countries of the southern region of the Balkan Peninsula. Material and Methods: The first sub-sample of the subjects was consisted of 17 players of OFC Titograd from Montenegro of the average age 17.12±.69. The second sub-sample was consisted of 14 players of FC Siroki Brijeg from Bosnia and Herzegovina of the average age of 18.14±.86. The last sub-sample of the examinees was consisted of 15 players of FC Feronikeli from Kosovo of the average age 18.07±.46. Anthropometric characteristics in the body composition were evaluated by a battery of 11 variables. The significance of the differences between the young soccer players in the anthropometric characteristics and variables for assessing body composition were determined by ANOVA and LSD Post Hoc test. Results: The young soccer players of the three mentioned clubs have statistically significant differences by the two variables that estimate the upper leg skinfold and fat percentage. The young soccer players of OFC Titograd are significantly better in variable upper leg skinfold than other players. The young soccer players of FC Feronikeli are significantly better in variable fat percentage than players of OFC Titograd. Conclusions: The results can be useful for coaches of other clubs for making a comparison of their soccer players with the young soccer players in this research.

scholarly journals PO-288 Research on Norm Construction and Evaluating Levels of 20-m Running in Preschool Children

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuikun Li ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Qiongjia Yuan ◽  
Zheng Zhao ◽  
Lan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Kindergarten Children ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fitness Evaluation ◽  
Percentile Method ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective The study tested young children's 20-m running in Chengdu, analyzed of the characteristics of change in age and gender, to construct the norm and evaluation system of the 20-m running of young children and provide the basis for assessing children's sports ability and physical fitness. The results can used as one of the children's physical fitness evaluation content. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used to select kindergarten children in from 25 kindergartens in a district of Chengdu, and totally, 3089 children of 3-6 years old were tested．The best scores by two trials were used as the 20-m running performance. Results With the growth of the age, young children's 20 m running is gradually increased. There are significant differences in the mean values of boys and girls aged 3, 4, 5 and 6 (F = 228.696, F = 366.477, P < 0.01). Compared with boys and girls of the same age group, boys are superior to girls, and there is no significant difference between boys and girls aged 6 (F = 0.879, P > 0.05). The differences in other groups were statistically significant (F=0.138, F=0.204, F=0.133, P < 0.01). The percentile 10, 25, 50, 75, 90 values of the 20 m running of young children were recorded, respectively, and according to the statistical percentile method to divide the evaluation grade standards, the test results of the 10th, 25th, 75th and 90th percentage site test results were selected to develop the five-level rating system of children's 20 m running. Conclusions  With the growth of the age, young children's 20 m running is gradually increased, and there are significant differences between groups. It is suggested that the flexibility of nervous processes, the coordination of the body, the flexibility of joints and muscles, and the strength and endurance of muscles are gradually enhanced in children. Constructed the norm and five-grade evaluation system of preschool children's 20 m running, and provided the basis for formulating the grade standard of preschool children's physique evaluation in the future.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KADAR KLORIN PADA TEH CELUP BERDASARKAN WAKTU SEDUHAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
S Wansi ◽  
Syahran Wael
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Biology Education ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Chlorine Bleach ◽  
Water Substance

Background: Tea is the most widely consumed beverages by all levels of society because in addition to economical, tea is also thought to provide health benefits. Compounds that contribute to the health of the body such as tannins, catechins, flavanols and cafein. Along with its development era community prefers tea bag as it is easy and practical use. Without realizing it, the longer the brewed tea bag in the water substance called chlorine bleach paper contained in tea bags rather the bag of tea bags will also be dissolved.   Method: This research includes the study of laboratory experiments. Object in this study is 4 (four) brand of tea bag and then examined in a Laboratory Ambon Pattimura University Biology Education using thiosulfate titration methode. Result: Anova and Tukey test results indicate that there are differences in the levels of chlorine-based treatment duration and type of tea steeping. The study test showed was obtained at the highest levels of chlorine treatment A1P4 (0,413 ppm) and A4P1 treatment resulted in the lowest levels of chlorine (0,058 ppm). Conclusion: There are differences in the levels of chlorine in various brands of tea bag is Sariwangi tea, sosro tea, poci tea and tong tji tea for time 2 minutes, 4 minutes, 6 minutes and 8 minutes.

The Response of Defects Containing Water under Dynamic Loads

2011 ◽  
Vol 225-226 ◽  
pp. 933-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Ming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Finite Difference ◽  
Finite Difference Method ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Difference Method ◽  
Failure Criterion ◽  
Explosive Charge ◽  
Dynamic Loads ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Simulation Results

A crater blasting model of rock with pre-existing defects under blasting loads is established by using finite difference method. The defects are saturated with water and are randomly distributed. The defects include voids, pores and small open joints. A shock equation of state (EOS), obtained from the existing test results, is employed for the granite near the explosive charge, and for the granite far from the charge, a linear EOS is applied. A modified principal stress failure criterion is applied to determining the granite statuses. The granite dynamic strengths, which increase with strain rate, are calculated from the existing test results. The simulation results show that under blasting, the strength of wet rock is lower than that of dry rock.

Vehicle/Track Interaction Tests of Three Freight Vehicles on Revenue Service Tracks

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dingqing Li ◽  
Semih F. Kalay ◽  
William Shust
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Track Geometry ◽  
Technology Center ◽  
Car Body ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vehicle Response ◽  
Freight Vehicles

Abstract Transportation Technology Center Inc. (TTCI), a subsidiary of the Association of American Railroads (AAR), conducted extensive vehicle/track interaction tests from 1998 to 2000 on revenue service tracks for three freight vehicles (covered hopper, tank car and coal gondola). During those tests, both track geometry and the corresponding vehicle response were collected simultaneously. All together, more then 1,400 miles of revenue tracks were tested on three North American railroads, covering a wide range of track and operation conditions. This paper presents the test results and findings in two main areas: how vehicle responses relate to measured track geometry conditions and how vehicle responses compare to the AAR Chapter XI (vehicle track worthiness) criteria. Vehicle response includes wheel/rail forces and L/V ratios via instrumented wheelsets, as well as car body accelerations. Track geometry conditions are characterized by curvature, superelevation, vertical surfaces, cross-level, lateral alignments, and gage.

scholarly journals “Global Dynamics” of a Temperate Valley Glacier, Mer De Glace, and Past Velocities Deduced from Forbes’ Bands

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (96) ◽  
pp. 207-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Lliboutry ◽  
Louis Reynaud
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
State Energy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Perturbation Equation ◽  
Sliding Velocity ◽  
Velocity Fluctuations ◽  
Valley Glacier ◽  
New Perturbation ◽  
Solid Type

AbstractTransverse profiles and velocities which have been measured on the ablation zone of Mer de Glace more or less continuously since 1891 contradict the Weertman–Nye theory of glacier kinematic waves. Faint broad waves, which undoubtedly result from fluctuations in the balance, travel down the glacier faster than this theory predicts. (This theory having first been completed by taking changes in width with time and with distance down the glacier into account.) On the other hand, velocity fluctuations are synchronous and more or less the same over the entire length studied (6 km).These discrepancies result from bottom friction being of the solid type, i.e. independent of sliding velocity. Friction should also be almost insensitive to discharge in subglacial waterways, since in the steady state energy for keeping them open, not entirely flooded, and at atmospheric pressure, is superabundant. The sliding velocities at all cross-profiles are thus controlled by some areas where the body of the glacier suffers strong deformation because the valley shape is far from cylindrical. One such controlling zone exists on Mer de Glace owing to the existence of a subglacial transverse shoulder. A new perturbation equation and a new rough expression for wave velocity are given.Intervals between Forbes’ bands were plotted on seven aerial surveys between 1939 and 1979. Progressive tilting of the slices of blue, dusty ice from the position from which these dark bands proceed and progressive lowering of their exposed edge must be taken into account. This analysis confirms the validity of our simple model for velocity fluctuations and allows us to estimate the entire series since the year 1888.

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