On the Use of the Likert Scale for Assessing the Didactic Complexity of Educational Concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Robert Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Likert Scale ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Regression Coefficients ◽  
Word Use ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Semantic Complexity ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
The Russian Language

The problem of assessing the semantic complexity of educational concepts, which is equal to the number of words needed to explain their essence, is considered. The following attributes of concepts that affect their semantic complexity are highlighted: 1) the possibility of observing the designated object in everyday life; 2) the possibility of experimental study at school; 3) the possibility of perception of the designated object by the senses; 4) the physical complexity of the object, depending on the number of constituent elements and the connections between them; 5) the degree of entry into the thesaurus of graduates of the first, fifth and eleventh grades; 6) the frequency of the word use in the Russian language. The concepts that denote objects of living and inanimate nature are selected; the category of complexity is determined for each concept by the method of pair comparison. Their attributes were evaluated on the Likert scale with 5 gradations; the correlation coefficients between the attributes and the complexity level, as well as the corresponding linear regression coefficients, are determined. A mathematical model is constructed that connects the complexity of concepts with the values of their attributes; it is shown that due to errors in attribute estimates, it does not allow us to accurately determine the semantic complexity of the concepts. An algorithm for evaluating the concepts complexity based on their division into three groups, depending on the frequency of use in the Russian language, is developed. The results of the evaluation of the semantic complexity of the selected concepts that can be used as reference points are presented.

ASPECTS OF LEXICAL COLLOCATION OF HIGH-DEGREE WORDS ‘SILNIY’, ‘KREPKIY’, ‘ZHELEZNIY’

2020 ◽  
pp. 263-280
Author(s):  
M. V. Voronets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Word Use ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Russian Language

This study examines the lexical compatibility of high-degree words in the Russian language, specifically ‘silniy’ (strong), ‘krepkiy’ (hard), ‘zhelezniy’ (strong as iron), which have similar meanings. By comparing the dictionary meanings of a word and analyzing their compatibility, researches can specify its semantic features and explain the collocation limitations. The results can be used to develop the proper recommendations on the word use and exercises for the learners of Russian as a second language.

scholarly journals Analysis of public inquiry in the preambles of the constitutions of post-Soviet states using language markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. 11006
Author(s):  
Victor Linkin ◽  
Marina Alekseeva ◽  
Svetlana Rybak ◽  
Elena Filimonova
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Public Inquiry ◽  
Google Books ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
The Russian Language

Based on the integrated use of comparative, statistical and hermeneutic research methods, in order to obtain a synergistic effect, the authors study the preambles of the constitutions of the newly formed states of the post-Soviet period. The authors propose an assessment of the content of the Preamble of Constitutions as the primary source of public inquiries, reflecting on the features of state policy, a concentrate of goals and objectives set by the society and the state. A variety of methodological tools will reveal the object of research from unexpected sides, to reveal the entirety of the phenomenon under consideration. In this study, comparative, statistical, and hermeneutic methods which are quite common in the humanities will be applied. The above-mentioned methods will be used in cooperation in order to obtain a synergistic effect. The results, expressed in the frequency of use of identical public queries, will be further included in the Google Books Ngram Viewer program, which analyzes the frequency of use of language units based on the Russian-language sources introduced in it from the 18th century to the present day and numbering 8 million editions.

scholarly journals MODELING OF LANGUAGE CONSCIOUSNESS THROUGH AN ASSOCIATIVE EXPERIMENT (THE CASE OF THE PHRASE-STIMULUS “CROW’S DAY”)

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
E.A. Chelak ◽  
K.R. Russu
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Russian Language

The article is devoted to the analysis of associative reactions to the phrase-stimulus “crow’s day”, obtained in the framework of a free associative experiment conducted from 23 April to 30 April, 2020 on 133 subjects. The material for the study was 665 associative reactions from native speakers of the Russian language to the stimulus phrase “crow’s day”. Nuclear and peripheral meanings in the short and long term are presented, semantic groups ranked first and second in frequency of use among all associative reactions. The method of a free associative experiment made it possible to obtain data that led to the formulation of the conclusions: in the minds of Russian speakers familiar with the culture of the Ob Ugrians, the concept of “crow’s day” is fixed.

Evaluative Potential of Nouns in the Russian Language

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
Ludmila Smirnova
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Parts Of Speech ◽  
Abstract Nouns ◽  
The Russian Language

Specifying evaluation expression through the words representing differ-ent parts of speech, the article considers the evaluative potential of nouns and explores a possible correlation between the semantic and grammatical charac-teristics of substantive words, as well as their ability to play the role of evalua-tive qualification means. The author of the article makes a supposition that the noun has the greatest evaluative potential. The article reviews the capability of nouns that belong to different lexi-cogrammatical classes (proper, collective, material, abstract, and personal ones) for including an evaluative component of meaning into their semantics. It identifies the most important groups among the mass of evaluative units –the nouns having the meaning of person or a collective of persons or abstract nouns. The author notes that the thematic grouping, the character of connota-tions inherent in some groups of collective nouns, proper names, and common-language metaphors reflect the ethnic axiological reference points for assessing the qualities of a person.Opportunities for using substantive words in the evaluative function graphically demonstrate that only nouns can become proprial units. Names with evaluative connotations turn into symbols, which bring up evaluative associa-tions within the space of national culture.Ability of the noun to convey the evaluative signal is supported by the abundance and variety of suffixes that impart the evaluative component to de-rivative substantive words.The noun special status as a tool for generating the evaluative pragmat-ics of an utterance is supported by its syntactic multifunctionality.By denoting values, anti-values, and specific ethnic concepts, nouns play the main role in the verbalization of the national axiological hierarchy. They reflect the newly appearing realities and denominate the new meaningful no-tions of social life.

ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АНАЛИЗ УЧЕБНИКА РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА ДЛЯ ГАБОНСКИХ СТУДЕНТОВ-ФИЛОЛОГОВ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bouang Ndjelassili
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Main Constituent ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
The Russian Language

В статье рассмотрено значение русского языка в современной международной коммуникации, проанализированы основные составляющие элементы, которые наиболее приемлемо использовать в структуре учебника русского языка как иностранного. Проводится обоснование целесообразности включения определенных фонетических элементов в ориентированный на габонских студентов учебник. Данные элементы выделены в соответствии с портретом языковой личности обучающегося из Габона и отражены в принципах изучения русского языка согласно компетенции языковой личности. Изложены и обоснованы основные функции учебника русского языка как иностранного, которые должны быть учтены при его создании.The article considers the importance of the Russian language in modern international communication, analyzes the main constituent elements that are most appropriate to use in the structure of the textbook of Russian as a foreign language; substantiates the rationale for the inclusion of certain phonetic elements in the textbook for Gabon students. The portrait of the linguistic personality of the Gabon student determined those elements. The elements are reflected in the principles of studying the Russian language in accordance with the competence of the linguistic personality. The paper also justifies the basic functions that should be taken into account when creating a textbook of Russian as a foreign language.

LEXICAL PARADIGMATICS AND ITS VARIANTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-49
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Ferdinand De Saussure ◽  
Semantic Fields ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Constituent Elements ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
The Russian Language

The article deals with the issues of lexical paradigms from the point of view of their application in various layers of vocabulary. The term “paradigm” has been analysed from different viewpoints. The works of Ferdinand de Saussure, L. Elmslev, A. S. Pardaev and other authors are considered. Special attention is paid to syntagmatic and associative (paradigmatic) relations between language units. Paradigmatic relations,unlike syntagmatic relations, are considered as non-linear and non-simultaneous in a stream of speech or text, they are represented as relations between elements of a language that are united in the mind or memory of a person by some association. Based on the fact that the main constituent elements of lexical paradigms are antonyms, homonyms, paronyms, synonyms, groups, semantic fields, the main emphasis is placed on the study of these lexical units. Synonymy has been studied in terms of the degree of similarity, identity, and proximity of meanings. Antonyms, unlike synonyms, are based on the opposition of meanings. Relationships of closeness and opposition of semantics are logically reduced to four types of oppositions: zero, privative, equipalent, and disjunctive. Each of them has its own type of semantic relations: relations of identity, inclusion, intersection, or exclusion. The article also discusses the question of the synonyms of the meaning of the terms "lexeme" and "word", "lexical meaning" and "lexico-semantic variant". Since the organization of vocabulary has close interaction with lexical paradigms, examples of the use of synonyms and antonyms in linguistic dictionaries are given. In particular, the option for bringing a synonymic series to protect are considered on the example of the “Dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian Language” by A.P. Evgeneva and the Antonymic pair CLOSE-FAR in the “Dictionary of Antonyms of the Russian Language” by M.R.Lvov.

scholarly journals PSYCHOLOGICAL ABUSE IN SOCIETY, CONSCIOUSNESS AND LANGUAGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 9.1 (85.1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Tukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Abuse ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
New Words ◽  
Language System ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Russian Language

The aim of the article is to retrace the causes responsible for the development of denominations of psychological abuse in the Russian language, and to describe the peculiarities of their implementation into the language system. The concept of isomorphism of the fundamental structure of the world, as well as human mind and natural language, is confirmed on the basis of the material of сustomary functioning of the denominations of psychological abuse. Contemporary customary usage reflects the phenomena of psychological and emotional pressure on a person, which have lately spread in the living space. The media sphere has become one of the important sources of observation of evolutionary processes in language during recent decades. The media provide numerous examples of the functioning of new words that are not recorded even by the most modern dictionaries, including electronic ones. Emerging lexical tokens either fill in the gaps of particular area of modern Russian that serves the psychological discourse, or can be applied to clarify new or updated concepts. Social awareness of the indiscriminate character of psychological abuse has triggered new legislation aimed to protect against these forms of violence. The penetration of the borrowed terms from psychological sphere into modern language is determined both by extralinguistic and intralinguistic reasons, such as dehumanization of society, globalization; tendencies to the semantic accuracy of utterance, speech-saving efforts, etc. A steep increase in the frequency of use of the borrowed psychological terms in the media discourse accelerates the process of their adaptation in the contemporary Russian language. The removal of ideological marking of existing in the language lexical units, the clarification of semantic content of terms, various types of borrowing, naming forms of latent violence common in the globalized world, the attachment of actual lexemes to taxonomic relations innate to language system, demonstrate the aptitude of the Russian language for plasticity. The problem outlined is multifaceted, interdisciplinary and needs further elaboration.

scholarly journals INSIGHT INTO THE LINGUISTIC HISTORY OF THE ETHNONYM "CHUKCHA"

2018 ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
M. S. Teikin
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Soviet Regime ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
The North ◽  
Linguistic History ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Insight Into

Peoples of the North, though small-numbered, often obtain not one, but several names, which have the different frequency of use: they are self-names of specific groups and names given by their neighbours. The article deals with the evolution of the graphical depiction of the ethnonym Chukchi from the moment of its first appearance in documents of the mid-XVI century up to the final fixation of its spelling in the early XIX century’s legislation acts. The article also features the matter of regional Chukchi’s names and explains why the Russian language adopted this very ethnonym. The paper focuses on the peculiarities of the case inflection of the word Chukchi in the recent past. The author investigates the attempt to rename Chukchi to Luoravetlans, which the Soviet regime undertook in the pre-war period when many ethnonyms of the USSR peoples were changed, and explains why the new name did not take roots.

scholarly journals HODONYMIC VOCABULARY IN THE UDMURT LANGUAGE (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF TOPONYMY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-589
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Jevgenyevna Kirillova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
The Common ◽  
Single Number ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Large Corpus

The article considers geographical terms for designating streets and lanes in the Udmurt language based on the study of a large corpus of godonyms. In the study of microtoponyms collected by the author and other toponymists on the territory of Udmurtia and beyond of it - in the places of residence of Udmurts - the author managed to identify a significant number of words expressing these concepts. The words ulcha and uram are used to express the concept of ‘street’ in the Udmurt language, which is confirmed by the data of Udmurt toponymy. Special attention is paid to the description of common nouns with the meaning ‘lane’ recorded in microtoponyms, since this layer of vocabulary has not yet been considered in detail by anyone. The performed review indicates that a number of lexemes can act as common words used in this meaning. Taking into account different variants, the author identified 13 units in total. The etymological analysis of the analyzed geographical terms suggests that they are heterogeneous in origin. The common nouns borrowed from the Russian language are wide spread. Geographical terms of Udmurt and pre-Permian or Finno-Permian origin have a slightly lower frequency of use. A small number of lexemes are derived from the Turkic languages. Mixed Udmurt-Russian and Udmurt-Tatar formations are represented in a single number.

ԲԱԼԹԻԱԿԱՆ ԼԵԶՈՒՆԵՐԻ ՀԱՅԵՐԵՆ ԱՆՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ՏԱՐԲԵՐԱԿԱՅՆՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՄԱՍԻՆ

2021 ◽  
pp. 217-239
Author(s):  
Davit Gyurjinyan
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Etymological Dictionary ◽  
Spelling Variant ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The Russian Language

TOWARDS THE VARIANTS OF THE ARMENIAN NAMES OF THE BALTIC LANGUAGES The word լեթթերեն (German: Lettisch, French: letton) is found in the Armenian linguistic literature in the first half of the 20th century, in particular in the etymological dictionary and in other works of R. Acharyan. It is an archaism, recorded only in terminological dictionaries. The variant լատիշերեն "Latvian", the lexical base of which is directly related to the Latvian self-name latvieš, was formed in Soviet times under the influence of the Russian language. It is found in university and school textbooks, and is registered in explanatory dictionaries. It has a high frequency of use compared to other variants. The lexical basis of the լատվերեն "Latvian"is the name of the country - Լատվիա (Latvia), from which the particle -իա dropped out. It is used in scientific literature, the second variant most frequently used after լատիշերեն "Latvian". The word-formation base of the word լատվիերեն "Latvian" is the name of the Latvian people - լատվիացի, the suffix of which has dropped out. It is registered in academic dictionaries (explanatory and Armenian-Russian) and in various translation dictionaries of the Eastern Armenian and the Western Armenian languages. In this formation, the connection with the name of the country and the ethnonym is obvious. In the first half of the 20th century, R. Acharyan used the word լիթվաներեն (English: Lithuanian language), which is a spelling variant of the currently used լիտվաներեն "Lithuanian" (French: Lituanien), but the lexical base of լիտվան is already outdated, giving way to լիտվացի "Lithuanian person". Variant լիտվերեն was formed from the word լիտվացի "Lithuanian person". Since the second half of the 20th century, it is often used in linguistic literature, and in translation dictionaries it appears as the only name for the Lithuanian language. The variant լիտավերեն (German: Litauisch) is based on the toponym Litava. It is found only in the "Linguistic Dictionary", and լիտովցերեն (< լիտովցի "Lithuanian person") is not a recommended variant, although other variants refer to it in the academic explanatory dictionary. Variant լիտովերեն is formed on the lexical basis լիտով (cf. with the Russian литовский). These variants are not used currently. Taking into account the word-formation tradition, frequency of use in the present period, dictionary records and other factors, with the aim of maintaining consistency in the field of names of languages, it is proposed to adopt a single name for each Baltic language: լատվերեն "Latvian" and լիտվերեն "Lithuanian".

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