scholarly journals MODERN BIOLOGICAL AGENTS AND ADAPTOGENIC PREPARATY THE BASIS OF EFFICIENCY OF CALCULATED RATES OF FERTILIZERS FOR SOWING SPRING RAPESEED

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 102-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faik Safiollin ◽  
Salavat Suleymanov ◽  
Gennadiy Minnullin ◽  
Mihail Panasyuk
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Potential Possibility ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Plot Area ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Pure Steam ◽  
Spring Rape

The article presents, according to a comparative assessment, the results of effectiveness of the interaction of calculated mineral fertilizers with various bioagents and adaptogenic preparations in spring rape crops. The studies were conducted on the experimental field of Chistopol State Breed Center of the Republic of Tatarstan. The following strains of microorganisms were used in the studies: RECB-95 B (Bacillus subtilis); RECB-50V (Bacillus spp.). Seed treatment with the aforementioned bioagents was carried out on the day of sowing, and foliar top dressing was performed in the phase of 3-4 pairs of real spring rape leaves. The predecessor of the research object was pure steam. In the experiment, a cultivar of Gedemin spring rape of the Belarusian selection was cultivated. Mineral fertilizers were applied as a general background before sowing with the expectation of a planned productivity of 3.0 tons per hectare of oilseeds of the studied crop. The repetition of the experiment is fourfold, the plot area is 32 m2. To reduce the chemical load on the environment, to save money, to fully realize the potential possibility of calculated norms of mineral fertilizers on leached chernozems of the Republic of Tatarstan in order to obtain 3.28-3.37 tons per hectare of oilseeds of spring rape, it is recommended to pre-sow seeds with strains of RECB-50 In (2.0 litres per ton) or RECB-95 V (2.0 litres per ton) in combination with foliar application in the phase of 3-4 pairs of real leaves with the same strains (norm 1.0 litres per hectare consumption) with the addition of an adaptogenic drug.

INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS TYPES ON THE NUTRIENTS DYNAMICS IN THE ARABLE LAYER OF A MEADOW CHESTNUT SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
S. А. Teymurov ◽  
А. N. Yarmagomedov ◽  
А. V. Ramazanov ◽  
T. T. Babaev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soil Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Green Manure Crops ◽  
Spring Rape

The article presents the results of a field experiment on the different fertilizers effect (green manure, manure, straw, mineral fertilizers) on the soil agrochemical properties under the Terek-Sulak plain of the Republic of Dagestan irrigation conditions. At the experimental Kirov station, of the Khasavyurt District on a total area of 1505 m2 in 2015-2019 were studied the content of the main nutrients in cattle manure, the phytomass of green manure crops and the dynamics of fertilizers for nutrients in the arable layer. Green manure crops (seed peas, spring rape, and amaranth) were sown during the stubble period after harvesting winter wheat. The plowing under of green manures herbage was carried out in the initial phase of budding, winter wheat straw – 2 t / ha, cattle manure – 30 t / ha, mineral fertilizers – N150P75K75. Then water-charging irrigation was used 1000-1200 m3 / ha. Soil studies revealed that in the areas of the experiment where the sowing peas grew, nitrate nitrogen for the entire growing season next year contained 37.8-54.1 mg / kg, mobile phosphorus under crops of spring grain crops – 33.0-34.84 mg / kg of soil was noted in spring and to autumn its amount in the topsoil was gradually decreased (23.5-24.9 mg / kg). The exchangeable potassium amount in the meadow chestnut soil (control without fertilizers) was varied slightly. The manure application by its positive effect on the specified soil regime approaches to the spring rape and amaranth green mass plowing under. The most favorable soil regime under irrigated conditions were formed during plowing of the sowing peas green mass.

scholarly journals Yield formation of spring rape seeds with the seed treatment with micronutrients

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-65
Author(s):  
A. M. Khairullin ◽  
R. R. Gayfullin ◽  
V. S. Sergeev ◽  
I. O. Chanyshev ◽  
F. A. Bagautdinov
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Zinc Sulfate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Yield Formation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Spring Rape

Relevance. Trace elements are of great importance in plant life. Due to their catalytic action, they allow plants to more effectively use the main elements of nutrition-solar energy, water and macronutrients — nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), which in turn has a positive effect on plant productivity and crop quality. Rape is very sensitive to the lack of boron, zinc. Trace elements are currently presented in various forms, and therefore the purpose of the research was to identify the effectiveness of boronand zinc-containing trace elements in the processing of seed material.Methods. Theobjectofstudyisspringrape(Brassicanapus) variety Yubileiny. Field experiments and studies were carried out in 2015–2017 in the Birsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Tested options using micronutrient fertilizers: zinc sulfate, 21.5%; Ultramag chelate Zn, 15%; boric acid, 17.5%; Ultramag doron, 11%.Results. According to the results of studies, an increase in field germination by 6.5%, the yield of oilseeds by 37.1% and oilseeds by 1.7% when treated with Ultramag chelate Zn at a dose of 1 kg/ha was found.

scholarly journals Influence of mineral fertilizers, seed treatment and herbicide on the yield of spring wheat in the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00075
Author(s):  
Marat Amirov ◽  
Igor Serzhanov ◽  
Farit Shaikhutdinov ◽  
Albina Serzhanova ◽  
Kurbonali Partoev
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Resistance To Stress ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Stable Development

The paper presents the results of studies on the creation of an optimal nutritional regime with an analysis of weediness of crops with increased pre-sowing treatment of seeds of growth processes and the resistance of the plants themselves under stressful conditions to form a spring wheat crop. In the initial period of spring wheat vegetation, when plants are affected by sharp temperature fluctuations, soil and atmospheric droughts, it is important to stimulate their stable development and resistance to stress. When satisfying the needs of crops for nutrients, it is important to prevent weeding of crops. The purpose of our study is to study the complex effect of mineral fertilizers, the use of a herbicide and presowing seed treatment with a growth regulator on spring wheat productivity. The studies were conducted in 2016-2018 on the basis of Kazan State Agrarian University on gray forest soil. An analysis of the development of plants on weed grown variants revealed a decrease in the safety of seedlings for harvesting, decreased yield by 0.15-0.28 t/ha and reduced grain quality. The average yield of spring wheat over the years of research when using the herbicide against the background without fertilizers was 1.53 t/ha, 2.66 t/ha against the background of NPK to obtain 3 t/ha of grain and 3.22 t/ha against the background of NPK to obtain 4 t/ha of grain. Combined seed treatment with the growth regulator Zircon and dressing agents contributed to an increase in yield in all nutritional backgrounds by another 3.2–4.4% and an increase in the grain nature and gluten content in fertilized nutritional backgrounds.

Indicators of permanent teeth eruption in children of Tashkent city and comparative assessment with the data of peers of different Russian cities

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
R. T. Kamilova ◽  
J. A. Kamilov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Left Handed ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Republic ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The City

Relevance. Characteristics of eruption of secondary teeth is of diagnostic and prognostic interest, is the basis for implementation of targeted therapeutic and preventive measures among children. No research has ever been carried out in Uzbekistan to study an age and gender regional features of secondary teeth eruption. The aim is to determine the timing and symmetry of secondary teeth eruption in children of the city of Tashkent of the Republic of Uzbekistan and comparative assessment with the children of different cities of Russia.Materials and methods. 3,834 children between 3 and 17 years were conducted dental examination. A comparative analysis was made of the initial, intermediate and final periods of eruption of secondary teeth for children of Uzbekistan (Tashkent city) and Russia (Saratov, Izhevsk and Sergach).Results. In Tashkent children of both gender, in most cases, lower teeth were erupted before than their antagonists. In girls, teeth were erupted earlier than their male counterparts. At the initial stage of eruption, asymmetry was more pronounced in boys than in girls, while in the middle and final stages it was more pronounced in the opposite direction. Observed asymmetry of antimere’s teeth were indicated left-handed permanent dentition in boys and right-handed in girls. Children of Tashkent city were observed permanent dentition in one group of teeth 1-16 months earlier, and in others – 1-24 months later than their peers in Russian cities. Revealed differences were more pronounced among boys than among girls. Children in Tashkent differed more from their peers in Sergach and less from those in Izhevsk. Conclusions. Regional peculiarities of permanent dentition in children of Tashkent city and revealed expressed differences with indicators of Russian children are the basis for development of separate age and  gender normative assessment permanent dentition tables for children of Uzbekistan. 

AGROTECNICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE SOWING METHOD AND WORKING BODIES OF THE GRAIN STUBBLE SEEDER

1970 ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
D. N. Radnaev ◽  
S. V. Petunov ◽  
D-Ts. B. Badmatsyrenov
Keyword(s):  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Continuous Rolling ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Feeding Area ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Arid Regions ◽  
Working Bodies

The paper presents the results of studies of grain crops row sowing method agrotechnical indicators after the modernization of the working bodies of the SZS-2.1 seeder-cultivator. The SZS-2,1 stubble cultivator seeder has found wide application in the arid regions of the Republic of Buryatia, whose soils are prone to wind erosion. This seeder provides a combination of pre-sowing cultivation, sowing grain crops, applying mineral fertilizers to the sown rows and rolling them on stubble backgrounds, that is, in fields that have been processed since autumn with flat-cutting tools or have not been cultivated at all. Sowing with these seeders with 23 cm row spacing in a row method is the main method of sowing spring wheat in the soil conservation agriculture system. Routine sowing on soils of light texture, subject to wind erosion, causes thickening of plants in a row, which leads to irrational use of the feeding area by plants, increased weediness of crops between rows and, ultimately, to a decrease in yield. A distributor for the coulter has been developed, where the seeds are fed to the distributor. Then, reflecting from the distributor, the seeds are evenly dispersed in the opener under the plow space. Also, instead of serial wedge-shaped packer rollers, ring-spur rollers of the 3KSH-6 type are installed on the seeder. In addition, continuous rolling provides the necessary contact of seeds with the soil, preserves soil moisture and helps to attract it from the lower layers. Thus, the modernization of the SZS-2.1 seeder made it possible to substantiate subsurface-spread strip sowing with continuous rolling, which ultimately led to an increase in grain yield by 10-15%.

Endophytic Bacteria of Cotton and Sweet Corn for Providing Growth Promotion and Biological Disease Control

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Kloepper ◽  
Ilan Chet
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Chitinolytic Enzymes ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Biological Control Potential

Endophytes were isolated from 16.7% of surface-disinfested seeds and 100% of stems and roots of field-growth plants. Strains from Israel with broad-spectrum in vitro antibiosis were mainly Bacillus spp., and some were chitinolytic. Following dipping of cut cotton roots into suspensions of these strains, endophytes were detected up to 72 days later by isolation and by autoradiograms of 14C-labelled bacteria. Selected endophytes exhibited biological control potential based on significant reductions in disease severity on cotton inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani or Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum as well as control of Sclerotium rolfsii on bean. Neither salicylic acid nor chitinase levels increased in plants as a result of endophytic colonization, suggesting that the observed biocontrol was not accounted for by PR protein production. Some biocontrol endophytes secreted chitinolytic enzymes. Model endophytic strains inoculated into cotton stems via stem injection showed only limited movement within the stem. When introduced into stems at low concentrations, endophytes increased in population density at the injection site. After examining several experimental and semi-practical inoculation systems, seed treatment was selected as an efficient way to reintroduce most endophytes into plants.

scholarly journals Combined application of organomineral and mineral fertilizers in the fertilization system of winter wheat on the southern black soil of the Lower Don

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Artem Vladimirovich Ermilov ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Kamenev ◽  
Anatoly Petrovich Solodovnikov ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Maksimchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Fertilization System

The article presents an analysis of the determination of the effectiveness of mineral and organic fertilizers on the yield of winter wheat grain. The studies were carried out in 2017–2020 in the Rostov region on the southern chernozem. The object of research was the Doneko winter wheat variety. The predecessor is corn for grain. Ammonium nitrate, ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) and urea were used as mineral fertilizers, which were applied in the fertilization system of winter wheat and acted as a background option in the experimental scheme. ANP fertilizer (16-16-16) was introduced when sowing winter wheat, ammonium nitrate - scattered over thawed-frozen soil and carbamide in the heading phase by foliar method. Organomineral fertilizers were represented by the following types: Ruther, Leili 2000, Siamino Pro, Gumiful Pro, Soft Guard and Double Wine MKR (monocaliphosphate) produced by Biokepharm (Switzerland). The raw material for the production of organomineral fertilizers was the algae of the warm seas Laminaria. In the field experiment, the options for the joint application of foliar application and pre-sowing seed treatment with organomineral fertilizers were also studied. The control was the option without mineral fertilizers and the option with the background of the use of mineral fertilizers (farm fertilization system). It was found out that the use of organic fertilizers Ruter (0.5 or 0.25 l / t) and Leyli (0.25 l / t) for seed treatment before sowing, the use of Soft Guard (0.2 l / ha) and Gumiful Pro ( 0.2 l / ha) in the spring tillering phase and in the flag leaf phase against the background of sowing nitroammophoska at a dose of N32P32K32, random fertilizing on thawed-frozen soil with ammonium nitrate at a dose of N40 and the use of carbamide in the heading phase at a dose of N20 increased grain yield on average for 2018–2020 compared with the control (fertilization system of the farm) by 0.73 t / ha, or 23.0%. The maximum yield increase from the root-forming agent Ruther, used for pre-sowing seed treatment, reached 0.36 t / g, or 11.3%.  

scholarly journals The Influence of Tillage Systems, Fertilizers and Plant Protection on Biological Indicators of Fertility of Soddy Podzolic Gleyic Soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.В. Чебыкина
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Spring Rape

Представлены результаты исследований агроэкологической оценки разных систем обработки и видов удобрений при выращивании ярового рапса в условиях агроландшафта с дерново-подзолистыми глееватыми почвами. При проведении полевых и лабораторных опытов в 2019 году изучалось последействие заделки органо-минерального субстрата (был внесён в почву в 2017 г.), состоящего из обеззараженного куриного помёта и отработанных вегетационных матов, на биологические показатели плодородия почвы. В ходе исследований было установлено, что заделка органо-минерального субстрата способствует поддержанию почвенного плодородия. Так, содержание органического вещества увеличилось на 10,8% при отвальной системе обработки и на 7,8% – при поверхностной, по сравнению с контролем без удобрений. Существенного влияния изучаемых систем обработки почвы и удобрений на активность почвенного фермента каталаза и целлюлозразлагающих микроорганизмов обнаружено не было. Активность каталазы в большей степени определялась системой удобрений, их последействие проявилось в тенденции к снижению ферментативной активности. Урожайность ярового рапса зависела от биологических показателей плодородия почвы, в ходе корреляционно-регрессионного анализа были выявлены средние по тесноте взаимосвязи, в частности с активностью целлюлозоразлагающих микроорганизмов (r = –0,5693) и фермента каталаза (r = 0,5457). Между изучаемыми биологическими показателями плодородия почвы не обнаружено тесных корреляционных связей. К существенному снижению урожайности ярового рапса (на 13,4%) приводило проведение поверхностной системы обработки почвы в сравнении с отвальной. Применение органо-минерального субстрата самостоятельно и особенно в сочетании с минеральными удобрениями обеспечивало достоверную прибавку урожая зелёной массы ярового рапса. The results of researches of the agroecological assessment of different tillage systems and types of fertilizers when growing spring rape in conditions of cultivated land with soddy podzolic gleyic soils are presented. When conducting field and laboratory experiments in 2019, the afteraction of covering of the organo-mineral substrate (it was introduced into the soil in 2017), consisting of disinfected chicken manure and worked vegetation mats on biological indicators of soil fertility was studied. As part of study it was found that covering of the organo-mineral substrate contributes to maintaining soil fertility. Thus, the content of organic matter increased by 10.8% with the moldboard tillage and by 7.8% with the surface one compared with the control without fertilizers. No significant effect of the tillage systems and fertilizers under study on the activity of the soil enzyme catalase and cellulose decomposing microorganisms was found. Catalase activity was largely determined by the fertilizer system, their aftereffect was manifested in a tendency to a decrease in enzymatic activity. The yield of spring rape depended on the biological indicators of soil fertility, during the correlation and regression analysis medium-sized relationships were found, in particular, with the activity of cellulose decomposing microorganisms (r = –0.5693) and the enzyme catalase (r = 0.5457). Close correlation was not found between the studied biological indicators of soil fertility. A significant decrease in the yield of spring rape (by 13.4%) was caused by a surface tillage system in comparison with the moldboard one. The use of organic-mineral substrate independently and especially in combination with mineral fertilizers provided a reliable increase in the yield of green mass of spring rape.

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