scholarly journals INCREASE OF ENDURANCE AND WORKING CAPACITY OF STRUCTURAL STEEL BY ADDITIONAL CHEMICAL-THERMAL TREATMENT USING NITROGENOUS-CARBONIC CARBURIZERS

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Николай Игнатенко ◽  
Nikolay Ignatenko ◽  
Сергей Ковалев ◽  
Sergey Kovalev ◽  
Александр Филонович ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Material Fatigue ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ecological Problems ◽  
Steel 20 ◽  
Potassium 40

Modern methods of chemical-thermal treatment (CTT) such as cyanidation, nitrogen casehardening and others are widelyused in different branches of industry and they are processes promising enough. The solution of ecological problems of diffusion strengthening and improvement of performance attributes of a surface layer are interrelated with the use of special powder mixtures – lutes, pastes, called saturating environment (carburizer). As a saturating environment in the work there is used a nitrogen-carbon paste on the basis of fine gas black (amorphous carbon ~ 60%) and iron sinergisty potassium ~ 40% with the addition of carbamide (urea) as a nitrogen-containing component. A saturating pasty environment on the basis of soot with nitrogen-containing admixtures (urea and iron sinergisty potassium) is efficient for the surface strengthening treatment of steel products in a wide range of temperatures. Solid carbonitrides arising on the surface of products processed in this environment promote the increase of their wear-resistance and other performance attributes. A carbonitride edge on the surface of steel (20…30) ChGT arising at nitrogen case-hardening in a paste-type carburizer does not decrease wear-resistance, but, at the same time increases working capacity of parts and units and material fatigue resistance.

scholarly journals Investigation of Mechanical Properties of AISI 316 Stainless Steel by Carbonitriding Process

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
A Rohit Sai Krishna ◽  
B Vamshi Krishna ◽  
D Harshith ◽  
T Sashank ◽  
Ram Subbiah
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Test ◽  
Salt Bath ◽  
Wear Loss ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pin On Disc ◽  
Aisi 316 Stainless Steel

This project investigates on salt bath nitriding process in order to improve the wear behavior of the material. This process increases the hardness of the material. The specimens were nitrided at 580°c on three different timing hours such as 60 minutes, 90 minutes & 120 minutes. A pin on disc machine is used to conduct wear test, so that wear loss can be determined. The specimens are to be magnified by metallographic test like scanning electron microscope. The untreated specimen is used to compare with the nitrided specimen. The best specimen is chosen which determines the life of material & improves the better wear resistance. The hardness of untreated material and nitrided material are compared. The material AISI stainless steel has many unique properties but it lacks wear resistance and hardness because of which it has limited applications. By conducting heat treatment operation, the hardness of the material does not improve, but by conducting case hardening process the hardness of the outer case will be high compared to base metal. If the hardness and wear resistance of the material improves the material can be used in wide range of applications.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF WEAR RESISTANCE OF IRON GEAR WHEELS WITH DIFFUSE CARBIDE LAYER

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
А. А. Veselovsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Linear Wear ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Carbide Layer ◽  
Steel 20 ◽  
Gear Wheels ◽  
Reverse Gear ◽  
Case Hardening Steel

The article is concerned with wear resistance increase of saw-tooth enclosed drives applying instead of iron gear wheels, made from cement steel quality, gear wheels from high-duty cast iron of HF 60 with thermodiffusion carbide layer. Elements- diffusants were chosen according to level of carbide forming and hardness of formed layersvanadium- for forming very hard, chrome-medium according to coating and manganese- for low layers according to coating hardness. Layers are formed on spur gears, which are reverse gear of light vehicle. Setting for research included draw gear- asynchronous electric drive, placed on lathe-bed with the help of which rotation of gear shift transmission with powered reverse gear was done. Transmission output shaft was pressed into chunk. Kinematick of disconnected machine provided necessary moment resistance. Through given number of cycles the box was taken down, gear set was removed and metal graphic research was carried out. Residual layer thickness and linear wear were diagnosed, on the basis of obtained experimental data we built characteristic curves of linear wear from number of stress cycles. For comparative evaluation in this type of research we carried out experiments on measurement of linear wear of case – hardening steel 20 ChGn after cementation and further quenching and research of hardened cast iron HF mark 60. It was found out that the highest quality wearing in this type of research vanadium layers have, slightly lower quality wear chromium plate have and on the 3rd place manganese layers. The worst quality wear we observed in steel 20 ChGN. On the basis of obtained –experimental data empirical regularities of wear rate of layers from their Brinnel hardness and diameter of obtained copy were determined.

Application of TEM to Deformation, Wear, and Fracture of Ceramics

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 472-473
Author(s):  
B. J. Hockey
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Brittle Materials ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Corrosive Environments ◽  
Further Development

Ceramics, such as Al2O3 and SiC have numerous current and potential uses in applications where high temperature strength, hardness, and wear resistance are required often in corrosive environments. These materials are, however, highly anisotropic and brittle, so that their mechanical behavior is often unpredictable. The further development of these materials will require a better understanding of the basic mechanisms controlling deformation, wear, and fracture.The purpose of this talk is to describe applications of TEM to the study of the deformation, wear, and fracture of Al2O3. Similar studies are currently being conducted on SiC and the techniques involved should be applicable to a wide range of hard, brittle materials.

DURCOMET 100

Alloy Digest ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Corrosion And Wear ◽  
Annealed Condition ◽  
Excellent Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Very High

Abstract Durcomet 100 is an improved version of Alloy CD-4 MCu with better corrosion and wear resistance. The alloy is used in the annealed condition and possesses excellent corrosion resistance over a wide range of corrosion environments. Mechanical strength is also very high. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating and joining. Filing Code: SS-540. Producer or source: Duriron Company Inc.

LUCEFIN GROUP 20NiCrMo2-2(1.6523), 20NiCrMoS2-2 (1.6526)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
High Fatigue

Abstract Lucefin Group 20NiCrMo2-2 and 20NiCrMoS2-2 are low-carbon, Ni-Cr-Mo, alloy case-hardening steels that are used in the carburized or carbonitrided, and subsequently quench hardened and tempered, condition. These steels are, in general, used for medium-size case-hardened parts requiring high fatigue strength and wear resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SA-866. Producer or source: Lucefin S.p.A..

LUCEFIN GROUP 16MnCr5 (1.7131), 16MnCrS5 (1.7139)

Alloy Digest ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Wear Resistance ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Case Hardening ◽  
Low Carbon

Abstract Lucefin Group 16MnCr5 and 16MnCrS5 are low-carbon, 1.2Mn-1Cr, alloy case-hardening steels that are used in the carburized or carbonitrided, and subsequently quench hardened and tempered condition. In general, these steels are used for small and medium size parts requiring high wear resistance and fatigue strength. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-864. Producer or Source: Lucefin S.p.A.

scholarly journals Perceptions and Attitudes towards Mules in a Group of Sodiers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1009
Author(s):  
Javiera Lagos ◽  
Manuel Rojas ◽  
Joao B. Rodrigues ◽  
Tamara Tadich
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
Emotional Needs ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Perceptions And Attitudes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Word Attention

Mules are essential for pack work in mountainous areas, but there is a lack of research on this species. This study intends to assess the perceptions, attitudes, empathy and pain perception of soldiers about mules, to understand the type of human–mule relationship. For this, a survey was applied with closed-ended questions where the empathy and pain perception tools were included and later analyzed through correlations. Open-ended questions were analyzed through text mining. A total of 73 soldiers were surveyed. They had a wide range of ages and years of experience working with equids. Significant positive correlations were found between human empathy, animal empathy and pain perception. Soldiers show a preference for working with mules over donkeys and horses. Text mining analysis shows three clusters associated with the mules’ nutritional, environmental and health needs. In the same line, relevant relations were found for the word “attention” with “load”, “food”, and “harness”. When asked what mules signify for them, two clusters were found, associated with mules’ working capacity and their role in the army. Relevant relations were found between the terms “mountain”, “support”, and “logistics”, and also between “intelligent” and “noble”. To secure mules’ behavioral and emotional needs, future training strategies should include behavior and welfare concepts.

scholarly journals Wear Resistance of (Ti,Al)N Metallic Coatings for Extremal Working Conditions

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Jarosław Mikuła ◽  
Daniel Pakuła ◽  
Ludwina Żukowska ◽  
Klaudiusz Gołombek ◽  
Antonín Kříž
Keyword(s):  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Functional Properties ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Hard Coatings ◽  
Metallographic Analysis ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Coated Materials ◽  
Wide Range

The article includes research results for the functional properties achieved for a wide range of sintered tool materials, including sintered carbides, cermets and three types of Al2O3 oxide tool ceramics ((Al2O3 + ZrO2, Al2O3 + TiC and Al2O3 + SiC(w)) with (Ti,Al)N coating deposited in the cathodic arc evaporation (CAE-PVD) method and comparison with uncoated tool materials. For all coated samples, a uniform wear pattern on tool shank was observed during metallographic analysis. Based on the scanning electron microscope (SEM) metallographic analysis, it was found that the most common types of tribological defects identified in tested materials are: mechanical defects and abrasive wear of the tool side, crater formation on the tool face, cracks on the tool side, chipping on the cutting edge and built-up edge from chip fragments. Deposition of (Ti,Al)N coating on all tested substrates increases the wear resistance and also limits the exceeding of critical levels of permanent stresses. It even increases the tool life many times over. Such a significant increase in tool life results, among other things, from a large increase in microhardness of PVD coated materials compared to uncoated samples, increased resistance to thermal and chemical abrasion, improved chip formation and removal process conditions. Use of hard coatings applied to sintered tool materials is considered to be one of the most important achievements in improving the functional properties of cutting tools and can still be developed by improving the coating structure solutions (sorted and nanocrystalline structures) and extending the range of coating applications (Ti,Al)N in a variety of substrates.

Increasing Hardness of Surface Layer of Low-Carbon Steel by Account of Plasma Treatment of Coating Modification

2021 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
pp. 794-802
Author(s):  
Andrey E. Balanovsky ◽  
Van Trieu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Plasma Heating ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Diffusion Region ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Wide Range

The Purpose of paper is to conduct studies to assess the possibility of increasing the hardness of the surface layer of steel St3 grade by plasma heating of the applied surface coating containing powder alloy PR-N80X13S2R. Mixtures of pasta were divided into 2 groups: for furnace chemical-thermal treatment and plasma surface melting. The study of the microstructure showed a difference in the depth of the saturated layer, depending on the processing method, during chemical-thermal treatment-1 mm, plasma fusion - 2 mm. The results of measuring the surface micro-hardness showed that, the obtained coating from a mixture of PR-N80X13S2R + Cr2O3 + NH4Cl has a uniform high surface hardness (31-64 HRC), from a mixture of only PR-N80X13S2R - the surface hardness varies in a wide range (15-60 HRC). The study of the microhardness of the cross section of the surface layer showed that, the diffusion region: from a mixture of powder PR-N80X13S2R + Cr2O3 + NH4Cl has uniform hardness (450-490 HV); from a mixture of PR-N80X13S2R - hardness increases in the depth of the molten region (from 300 to 600 HV), and sharply decreases in the heat affected zone (210-170 HV). The use of PR-N80X13S2R alloy powder as the main component in the composition of the paste deposited on the St3 surface during plasma treatment leads to the formation of a doped surface layer with high hardness.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document