scholarly journals HOLSTEIN BREED LACTATION YIELD IN THE SOUTHERN FOREST-STEPPE ZONE OF PRE-URAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
Rinat Mudarisov ◽  
Ismagil Khakimov ◽  
Vladimir Semenov ◽  
Natal'y Kulmakova

The purpose of the research is to increase the efficiency of Holstein cows of different breeds in the southern forest-steppe zone of the Pre-Urals. Due to the lack of highly productive dairy cattle, Holstein cows are imported to Russia from different countries. Imported animals have different adaptability, productivity, terms of economic use, and prof-itability. For the first time on the stud farm «Alekseevsky» state owned located in Ufa district Republic of Bashkorto-stan a comparative evaluation of body conformation, lactation yield and physical and chemical indicators of Hol-stein milk of different selections in terms of adaptive technology. Cows of Hungarian selection have a stronger con-formation, proportion, length, well-developed body, as evidenced by boniness and lengthiness. Hungarian cows dominate over German and Finnish cows in body weight by 11.2 and 22.5 kg (P<0.05). These features led to the superiority of animals of Hungarian origin in milk productivity with the same adaptive technology of keeping and feeding. During the third lactation, milk yield of Hungarian origin was 736.6 kg (P<0.05) more than that of German-bred, and 766.7 kg than that of Finnish cows. Hungarian average milk yield of Hungarian breed for three lactation periods was bigger 521.5 kg (P<0.05) and 625.1 kg (P<0.05), respectively. German breed had the highest fat con-tent (3.3%), and Hungarian cows the highest protein content (3.3%). There were no significant differences between the animals of the studied groups in terms of productive longevity (3.26-3.38 lactations). Cows of Hungarian origin for all the time of use had basic fat content and protein more by 5.5 and 6.0%, compared with their herdmate, which increases revenue by 9.9 and 10.8 thousand rubles more than from cows of German and Finnish selection.

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1587-1596
Author(s):  
A Korolev ◽  
M Kulkova M ◽  
V Platonov ◽  
N Roslyakova ◽  
A Shalapinin ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTThe study the diet of Eneolithic populations is of great interest to archaeologists. However, the studies undertaken in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of Volga region in Russia have left many issues unsolved. Data collected recently through the comprehensive studies of Lebyazhinka VI settlement enable us to change this situation. Of particular importance at this settlement site is good preservation of animal bones, bone fishing tools, and ceramics of the same type with food crusts and connected to a large house pit. For the first time in this geographical area, bones of domestic animals were found in the fill of a dwelling. The aim of this paper is to present the results obtained through comprehensive studies of diet and economy in the Eneolithic based on the materials from Lebyazhinka III and Lebyazhinka VI settlement sites. The main results of the archaeozoological analysis— determinations of species, age and size of the animals—provide the necessary data for studying the diet. We conclude that there are differences between Lebyazhinka III and Lebyazhinka VI settlements. Lebyazhinka III settlement included bones of only wild species, however, Lebyazhinka VI settlement consists of wild and domestic species.


Author(s):  
Ivan Manga ◽  
Jan Říha ◽  
Irena Vrtková

The effect of known CSN3, Pit-1 and LGB genes single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on milk performance traits (milk yield, protein, fat and lactose content, count of somatic cells) at the Czech Fleckvieh and the Holstein cattle breed was estimated. For more exact results, tested cows of each breed came from one source, and were selected into two groups according to their lactation. We tested around 100 animals at the first and 25 at the high (more than five) lactation of both breeds. Our attention was aimed particularly on combined genotypes of favourable alleles. We confirmed the positive tendention of the cheese yield valuable CSN3/BB with Pit-1/AA combined genotype for high milk production. By estimation of single gene effect, we found out significant association (P ≤ 0.01) between milk yield (kg) and Pit-1 genotypes at Holstein cows with the high lactation. This dependence was observed at the Czech Fleckvieh breed too, even it didn’t get conclusive value. Among all tested individuals, CSN3 genotypes significantly influenced milk yield (AA > BB, P ≤ 0.01), milk fat (BB > AA, P ≤ 0.01) and protein content (BB > AA, P ≤ 0.01). The genotypes AB and BB of the LGB gene at Holstein cows were joined with higher milk yield in selected cattle groups opposite to AA genotype (P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.05). The influence of LGB on the somatic cell count in created cattle groups was not confirmed. Estimation of allele and genotype frequency according to lactation stage didn’t reveal higher differences at non of tested genes in both breeds.


2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
O.V. Gorelik ◽  
А.S. Gorelik ◽  
M.A. Tokoreva ◽  
N.I. Sorokina ◽  
G.V. Mkrtchyan ◽  
...  

A related Holstein breed has recently been used to improve domestic dairy cattle and create highly productive herds by purchasing semen from breeding bulls, as well as a large number of heifers and calves of foreign breeding. The purpose of the work is a comparative assessment of the productive qualities of Black Pied and Holstein cows of foreign breeding. Purebred Holstein cows differ from animals of Black Pied breed in milk yield per lactation by 1064 kg or 15.2% (P≤0.01, in favor of Holstein cows). In terms of quality indicators of milk, that are the content of fat and protein in milk, the superiority remained with Black Pied cows. The difference was significant at P≤0.05 for fat content in milk and at P≤0.001 for protein content. Both groups of cows exceeded the breed standard for milk yield per lactation, mass fraction of fat and mass fraction of protein in milk. The milk of the Russian Black Pied cattle contains more essential amino acids. The milk of cows of both breeds can be considered complete, since the amount of limited amino acids in the milk of purebred Holstein cows of foreign breeding is over 95% of their content in the ideal protein.


2021 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
M.B. Rebezov ◽  
А.S. Gorelik ◽  
Y.S. Pavlova ◽  
E.V. Khorobrykh ◽  
P.V. Sharavyev

A related Holstein breed has recently been used to improve domestic dairy cattle and create highly productive herds by purchasing semen from breeding bulls, as well as a large number of heifers and calves of foreign breeding. The purpose of the work is a comparative assessment of the productive qualities of Black Pied and Holstein cows of foreign breeding. Purebred Holstein cows differ from animals of Black Pied breed in milk yield per lactation. Cows of both breeds have fairly high suitability for machine milking. The priority remains with the animals of the Holstein breed of foreign selection. In terms of milking intensity and udder volume, they reliably surpass Black Pied cows at P≤0.05 - P≤0.01, respectively, in terms of indicators. Holstein cows were also the best in the udder index. Correlation coefficients between the productive qualities, as well as between the quantitative indicator of productivity and the qualitative indicators of the suitability of cows for machine milking, were the same or did not differ significantly. A positive correlation was established between milk yield and the duration of the service period from 0.1 to 0.05, depending on the breed.


Author(s):  
V. P. Tkach ◽  
V. A. Luk’yanets ◽  
O. M. Tarnopylska ◽  
M. G. Rumyantsev

The article reports new results on the reconstruction of the noncommercial weakened coppice oak stands in the Left-bank Forest-Steppe zone, Ukraine. For the first time, a technology of reconstruction of coppice stands into the mixed seed natural or planted ones is proposed through regeneration felling with the elements of even gradual, group successive and strip gradual felling with a continuous cutting of 25 m width strips. The use of the technologies that combine regeneration felling, selective sanitary felling and thinning in conjunction with silvicultural activities will allow to form mixed seed natural or planted stands of different ages from noncommercial weakened coppice oak forests and significantly increase their productivity and sustainability.


2019 ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
S. Retman ◽  
O. Nychyporuk

Goal. To study the spread and severity of slime mold on turfgass in Ukraine. Methods. Field and laboratory methods were used. The research was conducted on two varieties of mixed with different percentage and species composition of cereal grasses. The survey of crops was performed during vegetation in the Polissya, Forest-steppe and Steppe areas. For the identification of pathogen, a selection of plant samples was carried out with further analysis in laboratory conditions. The observations were conducted according to generally accepted methods; spread and severity of disease were determined. Results. The first time in Ukraine revealed damage to the cereal grasses (Physarum cinereum (Batsch) Pers.). Symptoms and morphological characteristics of the pathogen are described. In the Kiev region, in terms of distribution and development, it exceeded other pathogens (30.6—39.0% and 15.4—21.2% correspondingly). In the Kirovograd region, slime mold was observed in 2016 and 2017 at a much lower degree. Its spread was 8.4—10.5% with severity within the range of 3.1—4.5%. In the Zhytomyr region during the period of research symptoms of this disease were not fixed. The most favorable for the development of Physarum cinereum was the growing season of 2017. Conclusions. For the first time in Ukraine, the appearance of disease caused by Physarum cinereum was detected on lawn grasses. The spread of this disease has been noted on both types of grass mixtures. The phytopathological analysis showed that slime mold was the most widespread diseases in the Forest-Steppe zone (Kyiv region), where it dominated in the complex of leaf diseases. In Steppe zone (Kirovograd region) in the period of 2016—2017 it's spread was much lower and in Polissya zone (Zhytomyr region) symptoms of slime mold was not revealed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Polina Valerievna Grudanova ◽  
Evgeniy Sergeevich Korchikov

This paper presents data on the new location of the moss Ptilium crista-castrensis (Hedw.) De Not, which is listed in the Red Data Book of the Samara Region on the territory of the nature reserve Racheyskie Rocks in the Syzran district. 10 of its coenopopulation loci have been identified and the exact geographic coordinates are given. For the first time the exact coordinates of 11 coenopopulation loci are also named for the holarctic mountain-forest relict fern Polypodium vulgare L., which is also protected at the regional level, both of these species have a mosaic structure of coenopopulations confined to confluent sandstones as a substrate for growth. It has been revealed that the ecological preferences of these species are very close, however, Polypodium vulgare is more shade-tolerant and it can be called a scioheliophyte, in contrast to the heliophyte Ptilium crista-castrensis . The Polypodium requires more humid and shaded conditions for its normal existence. When growing in the forest-steppe zone, where humidity is often a limiting factor, Ptilium crista-castrensis and Polypodium vulgare can form a significant projective cover (more than 30%) only in the northern and northeastern exposures of the substrate, but only with an enhanced light regime in the phytocoenosis at the density of the stand that is not more than 0,3.


Author(s):  
L. L. Sedelnikova ◽  

In the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia, a comparative study of seed productivity, flowering features, fruit and seed morphology, pollen fertilization ability was conducted for the first time in representatives of the Hosta Tratt genus: H. decorata, H. sieboldiana, H. lancifolia, H. albomarginata, H. crispula, H. kikutii, H. montana, H. rectifolia, H. undulata and varieties Golden Tiara, Night before Christmas, and Stiletto. It is noted that the reproductive potential and fertility of pollen in 9 species and 3 varieties of host have intraspecific and varietal specificity and are associated with seasonal weather conditions. The results of free pollination of the host were studied. It was found that fruit formation within a single generative shoot is heterogeneous, with the exception of the species H. decorata. The coefficient of productivity of species is 16—93%, varieties 12.5—36.4%. Morphometric indicators of length of generative shoots, fruits and seeds are presented. It is shown that the fruit is a freely opening loculicidal tricuspid capsule. Seeds are linear to oval in shape. It was revealed that with high viability of pollen grains (46—82.6%) in H. albomarginata, H. rectifolia, H. sieboldiana, the productivity coefficient is 2—3.8 times lower than in H. decorata. The flowers are characterized by geitonogamy with the phenomenon of peterandre, chasmogamous pollination and flowering in acropetal direction. H. decorata has a high adaptive advantage of seed productivity. The studied species and varieties consistently pass all the phenophases of development and are characterized by vitality. The growing season from spring growth to fruiting in Novosibirsk is 98—112 days. The reproductive capabilities of the host during introduction in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia are realized partly due to seed reproduction and are distinguished by species and variability.


Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chema Catarineu ◽  
Gonzalo G. Barberá ◽  
Joaquín Luis Reyes-López

The work submitted in this paper presents the first checklist of the ant species of the Segura River Basin based on a review of specific literature and biological material collected during field work conducted from 2012 to 2017. Our findings recorded 110 species belonging to 30 genera of ants and twenty two of these species were recorded for the first time in this area. The zoogeographical composition is dominated by the species of the Mediterranean zone (75.2%), followed by the mixed and deciduous forest zone (19.1%). The most important zoogeographic elements are: Iberian (20%), Holomediterranean (17.1%) and West-Mediterranean (13.3%). There are only six cosmopolitan species (5.71%). There is a greater proportion of species from the mixed and deciduous forest zone in the high-mid altitudes in the Segura River Basin, where the climate is cooler, and more humid. The Euro-Caucasian and Euro-West Siberian elements seems to be more associated to the more humid forest, whilst the Euro-Caucasian elements seem to be more associated to ecosystems more similar to the forest-steppe zone. The existence of these different zoogeographic origins in this area is probably linked with: the position between Africa and Europe; the complex geotectonic, paleogeographic, and paleoclimatic history during the last 7 My; the complex geomorphology; and the high climate and habitat diversity. Based on ant studies and other taxa, possible explanations of the zoogeographic origin of these ant chorotypes are proposed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00116
Author(s):  
Natalia Sheremet ◽  
Tatiana Lamanova ◽  
Vladimir Doronkin

The study of meadow fescue agropopulations was conducted in the agricultural phytocoenoses, established on the leveled coal mining spoils in the forest-steppe zone of the Kuznetsk Basin mining region in Russia. In agrophytocoenoses the fescue is not a dominant species, as in the natural meadows of herbs and fescue, which occupied the area prior to spoiling. However, the presence of the meadow fescue in the newly established plant communities resulted in increasing their biological diversity and improving the forage quality. The species was shown to sustain in agricultural communities on the coal mining spoils for more than 25 years, whereas when sown on the zonal soils it maintains it presence for 4-6 years. The ontogenetic groups of the plant in all communities were found to be dominated by virginile, young and mid-aged generative specimen. By the 25th year of agricultural phytocoenoses development the vitality of the agropopulations decreased on the coal mining spoils, composed of both Quaternary and Permian sediments. The study showed for the first time that meadow fescue is a species with good potential to restore vegetation cover in the areas disturbed by the open coal mining.


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