scholarly journals Financing of companies' research and development activities in Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-102
Author(s):  
Magdalena Mosionek-Schweda
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Public Support ◽  
European Economic Area ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Formal Requirements

Analyzing the research and development sector (R&D) in Poland, one can observe the increase in entrepreneurs’ interest to undertake R&D activities. According to Central Statistical Office, at the end of 2008 there were 1157 entities that conduct research and development work, including 697 enterprises. The following year, the number of total R&D institutions increased to 1316, whereas the business sector rose to 842 companies (about 20.8%). Greater involvement of entrepreneurs in the R&D sector results, among others, from noticing many benefits associated with this activity. The national authorities as well as European Union’s institutions drew up many programmes for entrepreneurs undertaking R&D activities. Some of these programmes give priority to small and medium-sized businesses offering them a wide range of financial and non-financial support. This policy aims to achieve high economic growth and improve socio-economic situation of society with the participation of enterprises that are orientated at creating and applying innovative solutions in their business operation, products manufactured or services provided. The article aims to present sources of funds available for R&D activities undertaken by companies in Poland, as from government programmes, through the structural funds, to funds set aside by Switzerland and the members of European Economic Area. Despite all these programmes, many companies in Poland still face a financial barrier that prevents their development. It seems that the basic problem is not lack of potential sources of funding for R&D activities but, above all, an insufficient knowledge of financial opportunities and the entrepreneurs’ belief that these funds are beyond their reach. Any form of public support to entrepreneurs is still associated with excessive bureaucracy, too many formal requirements and, finally, a small probability of receiving it. Therefore, enterprises don’t even try to apply for such support. The article presents basic statistics relating to the R&D sector in Poland and the main forms of national and European support for R&D performed within the business sector.

scholarly journals Csokoládéfogyasztás és a magyar Nobel-díjasok

2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
András Folyovich ◽  
Tamás Jarecsny ◽  
Dorottya Jánoska ◽  
Eszter Dudás ◽  
Katalin Anna Béres-Molnár ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Strong Linear Correlation ◽  
Nobel Laureates ◽  
Development Expenditure ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
International Data ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract: Introduction: Certain dietary items contain significant amounts of flavonoids which was shown to improve cognitive function. An earlier investigation demonstrated a strong linear correlation between chocolate consumption and the number of Nobel laureates in a given country. However, Hungary and the Hungarian Nobel laureates were not included in this analysis. Aim: In this publication, we aim to complement these data by analyzing data available for Hungary. Method: The number of Nobel laureates per country and the international data on chocolate consumption were based on the previously published results. The amount of chocolate consumption in Hungary was based on data from the Hungarian Central Statistical Office. GDP per capita and Research and Development Expenditure data for the investigated countries were derived from the World Bank. Results: There are 11 Nobel laureates from Hungary. Based on this, Hungary ranks the 9th amongst the 24 studied countries. However, it only ranks the 19th when it comes to chocolate consumption. Correlations were found between the number of Nobel laureates and GDP per capita (r = 0.734; p = 0.001) as well as Research and Development Expenditure (r = 0.532; p = 0.01) amongst the studied countries. Conclusion: The achievements of Hungarian scholars do not support the earlier notion that there is a link between the number of Nobel laureates (cognitive function) and the chocolate consumption in a given country. Their biographies highlight the importance and more possibilities of research funding in wealthier countries. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(1): 26–29.

scholarly journals Taxonomic and Econometric Analysis of Road Transport Development in Poland – The Voivodship Approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur Czech ◽  
Jerzy Lewczuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Road ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Place Of Origin

Abstract Transport is considered one of the basic aspects of the movement of people, raw materials as well as goods from the place of origin to the destination. Moreover, in the wider sense, transport includes economic bodies that aim to achieve goals similar to those of businesses that produce a wide range of goods required by customers. Hence, the efficient operations of basic branches of the transportation system determine the entire national economy. Furthermore, transport is considered a basic factor of development, both on the macro- and microeconomic scales. The aim of the paper is to attempt the assessment of the road transport in Poland as an important element of macro logistics. Furthermore, one of the aims of the investigation was the explanation of its influence on the level of economic development in Poland. As the source of information, the research used the data drawn from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The main methods implemented in this study were both classic and order synthetic measure construction. Further, these measures were used in econometric models as well as for the prediction of their values. The main result of the analysis indicates that the development level of the widely considered infrastructure is strictly correlated with the socio-economic development of particular voivodships. The study on the level of road transport development can lead to a better understanding of the socio-economic development of particular areas of Poland as well as the more efficient use of the support funds.

scholarly journals The Use of Municipal Bonds in Financing Regional Economic Development in Poland

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-264
Author(s):  
Sylwester Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
European Central Bank ◽  
Municipal Bonds ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
European Central ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Research Show ◽  
The Eu

SummarySubject and purpose of work: The article presents an analysis of the use of municipal bonds in financing the development activities of local governments in Poland.Materials and methods: The study uses data from the Ministry of Finance, the European Central Bank, the Central Statistical Office and the CATALYST platform.Results: The results of the research show that the level of using bonds by local governments in Poland is lower than the EU average. Poland’s accession to the EU and the inflow of structural funds significantly increased local governments’ interest in the implementation of bonds to fund investments, especially in 2008-2010.Conclusions: A significant part of funds from the issues of municipal bonds was allocated to regional development projects, mainly infrastructure. In 2008-2012 the value of newly issued municipal bonds increased, however, after that the number and value of new issues significantly decreased.

scholarly journals Public Support for Higher Education Institutions from EU Structural Funds and its Evaluation: Case Study of Slovakia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-127
Author(s):  
Peter Pisár ◽  
Martin Varga
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Public Support ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Science And Research

Abstract The European Union gives universities an important place to participate in research and development in the country. The basic research and teaching process of higher education institutions is gradually becoming more and more scientific, and the importance of science and research is growing. Th e growing importance of R&D for universities also increases the importance of public support in this area. Slovakia was eligible for support from the structural funds by joining the EU. In the period 2007 - 2013, universities have had the highest increase in science and research spending due to the use of these resources. However, it is a question of the extent to which this form of public support has contributed to the field of research and development of higher education institutions and whether there has been a real increase in their research and development activities. We examine the effectiveness of the support granted to public universities from the European Union Structural Funds on the basis of measurable indicators of granted projects and the impact of outputs on their scientific research potential in the regions of Slovakia. The results of the analysis highlighted the high level of public support for university infrastructure projects at the expense of support with a focus on intellectual property creation and patents. The discussion is focused on whether the funds allocated in this way were effective in relation to the objectives of the Operational Program Research and Development 2007 - 2013 and thus contributed to an increase of scientific and research potential at higher education institutions in the regions in Slovakia.

scholarly journals REGIONAL DIVERSIFICATION OF THE INTENSITY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF SELECTED RDP 2014-2020 MEASURES AGAINST BACKGROUND ENVIRONMENTAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (3) ◽  
pp. 308-314
Author(s):  
Mariusz Matyka
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Organizational Conditions ◽  
Structural Funds ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Regional Diversification ◽  
Environmental Activities

The aim of the paper is to determine regional differentiation in the implementation of selected RDP measures 2014-2020 in the context of different natural and organizational conditions. After EU accession, Polish agricultural producers gained access to a large European market and European funds supporting agriculture and rural development. The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), structural funds and other EU instruments have strengthened the increasingly multifaceted view of rural development. The material for analysis was data of the Agency for the Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (ARMA) and the Central Statistical Office (GUS). Analysis showed that the implementation of main environmental activities under the RDP 2014-2020 is, to a large extent, regionally differentiated. In relation to Less Favorited Areas, this is mainly due to natural criteria adopted for their delimitation. On the other hand, the intensity of implementation of Agri-Environmental/Agri-Environmental and Climate Measure (AE/AECM) and Organic Farming (OF) is directly correlated with average farm size. A common feature for voivodships with a larger share of AE/AECM and OF is a smaller simplification of crop rotation confirmed by a negative correlation with the share of cereal in the sown area. On this basis, it can be stated that the environmental activities of the RDP 2014-2020 implement the set goals.

Estimation of Income of Companies on the Basis of the Fay-Herriot Model

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Grażyna Dehnel ◽  
Michał Pietrzak ◽  
Łukasz Wawrowski
Keyword(s):  
Small Business ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Auxiliary Variables ◽  
Sample Design ◽  
Business Statistics ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Level Of Aggregation ◽  
Source Of Information

The main source of information about revenues of small business sector is currently provided mainly by sample surveys conducted by the Central Statistical Office. Parameters of interest can only be estimated with acceptable precision at the level of the country and province or by NACE section. It is caused by the sample size, method of estimation and sample design. The motivation for the study was the growing demand for reliable estimates at a low level of aggregation. The aim of this study was application of the Fay-Herriot model, one of the methods, which use auxiliary variables, for estimating revenue of enterprises employing 10 to 49 employees. The study used data from a meld DG 1, the most important research in the field of business statistics, as well as data from administrative registers. The study allowed to observe some regularities and characteristics of the small business sector in Poland.

To Show, But Not to Disclose. The Willingness of Polish Political Parties to Disclose Information On their Structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Ewa Skrabacz
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
Information Bulletin ◽  
The Public ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Election Manifestos ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

AbstractConstituting the key element of a democratic system, political parties are among entities obliged by the Polish legislator to comply with the principle of disclosure by providing public information. The main objective of this paper is to determine the level of Polish political parties’ disclosure, understood here as their willingness to disclose information on their own structures. It seems that the practice of disclosing such basic organizational data may constitute a specific measure of Polish political parties’ respect for the idea of disclosure. The subject matter of the conducted research was particular parties’ sites in the Public Information Bulletin as well as their official websites. An attempt was made to acquire data concerning party structures by way of direct contact with particular parties’ organizational units – questionnaires were sent to both central and regional/district organizational units. In order to acquire a wider perspective, the research also included data provided by the Central Statistical Office concerning political parties’ organizational structures and election manifestos. The conducted analysis was summarized in the form of a ranking of the examined political parties based on a proposed political party disclosure index. This attempt to measure disclosure on the basis of data on internal structures provided by parties themselves is of a preliminary character which, nevertheless, makes it possible to capture the general properties of the phenomenon under analysis. Among the examined parties, it is PSL, SLD, and PO that, to an acceptable degree, follow the principle of disclosure in the analysed scope (indexes at the level of 60%-80% of the maximum value). Four other parties, i.e. N, Wolność, Razem, and Kukiz’15, are on the edge of the zone making it possible to regard their disclosure as sufficient (indexes at the level of around 50% of the maximum value). In the case of PiS, whose index does not reach 20% of the maximum value, it should be concluded that this party implements the principle of disclosure at a minimum level. The ranking did not show relationships between parties’ willingness towards providing information and their sizes or positions on the political scene (parliamentary parties vs. extra-parliamentary parties).

The Development of Agritourism in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship in the Light of International and National Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 244-261
Author(s):  
Mariola Tracz ◽  
Małgorzata Bajgier-Kowalska ◽  
Radosław Uliszak
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Tourism Resources ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
District Offices ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Podkarpackie Voivodeship is one of the regions of Poland in which the number of agritourism entities is very high. Therefore tourism plays a significant role in its development strategy. The aim of the paper is to identify the current state of agritourism and the changes that have occurred in the region in the years 2000–2016. Specific objectives are to determine the distribution of agritourism farms and their offer, together with a comprehensive analysis of the environmental and socio-economic factors, as well as the impact of the Slovak-Ukrainian border. The report was developed on the statistical materials from the Polish Central Statistical Office, Podkarpackie Agricultural Advisory Centre in Boguchwała and data collected from municipalities and district offices that is published on their websites, as well as through interviews with 100 owners of agritourism farms in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. The research has shown, on the one hand, the decline in the number of farms in the region and, on the other hand, the increase in the diversity of the tourist offer of these entities. Distribution of agritourism farms is closely linked to the attractiveness of natural environment and quality of secondary tourism resources. Traditional agritourism has not yet fully used its countryside, as well as cross-border advantages of its location.

The United States as the Trade Partner of Poland in te Context of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP)

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
Renata Marks-Bielska ◽  
Wiesława Lizińska ◽  
Izabela Serocka
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
The United States ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Transatlantic Trade ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Trade Partner ◽  
Structure Of Trade

Evaluation of the importance of the USA as the trade partner of Poland is the main objective of the paper, based on the changes in the value of trade during the years 2000-2012 and changes in the structure of trade during the years 2008-2012. The data from the Statistical Yearbooks of Foreign Trade published by the Central Statistical Office was used. The potential for foreign trade growth was illustrated using the simplified analysis based on the gravity model of foreign trade concept. Gradually increasing value of Polish trade with the USA (the average growth rate 9.8%, EU-15 countries 13.1%). Polish exports are characterised by a higher than imports growth rate (USA - exports growth by 12.5%, imports 9.2%, EU-15 - exports 15.1%, imports 11.6%). Trade is strongly dominated by position of one group of products (over 30% share in both exports and imports). The potential of trade is poorly exploited currently. Trade was focused mainly on the countries situated in the close neighbourhood (mainly the EU countries with the domination of Germany).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document