scholarly journals Hydropower in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 385-405
Author(s):  
Dorota Sylwestrzak
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the analysis in the article is the issue of hydropower development in Poland. The considerations concern legal regulations enabling the construction of hydropower plants. The article postulates the introduction of procedural facilitations in the development of small water and micro-installations (MEW).

Obywatele Unii Europejskiej – wyborcy Parlamentu Europejskiego – parlamentu ponadnarodowego

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-162
Author(s):  
Stefan Marek Grochalski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Democratic State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Direct Elections

Parliament – an institution of a democratic state – a member of the Union – is not only an authority but also, as in the case of the European Union, the only directly and universally elected representative body of the European Union. The article presents questions related to the essence of parliament and that of a supranational parliament which are vital while dealing with the subject matter. It proves that the growth of the European Parliament’s powers was the direct reason for departing from the system of delegating representatives to the Parliament for the benefit of direct elections. It presents direct and universal elections to the European Parliament in the context of presenting legal regulations applicable in this respect. It describes a new legal category – citizenship of the European Union – primarily in terms of active and passive suffrage to the European Parliament, as a political entitlement of a citizen of the European Union.

scholarly journals Reviewing judicial precedent No. 74.2.12-597 of general board of Iran’s supreme court

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 4738
Author(s):  
Parviz Dehghan
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Judicial Procedures

According to legal regulations, endorsers of a commercial document hold severally liable against its holder; and in this regard the holder too has some duties to perform. Among these duties, after the demand and protest for non-payment in legal time is litigation within a certain legal time. There are different opinions regarding inclusion of the guarantors in article 286 of Iran’s trade law and judicial procedures are also divided and vary, and according to some rulings of some branches of Iran’s Supreme Court, the guarantor is included in the subject of article 286 while some of the branches consider it outside of the article 286 subject. This difference resulted in the issuance of judicial precedent no. 597 on 1995 May 2nd which rules on the exclusion of the guarantor in the subject of article 286 inclusion. In this paper, along with reviewing the ruling, the guarantor inclusion-exclusion cases in the subject and ruling of article 286 of the Iran’s trade law is determined.

scholarly journals Tax Sanctions as the Institutions Conditioning Efficiency of Collecting Tax Information – Limits of Legal Regulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Paweł Majka
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Degree Of Saturation ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
Principle Of Proportionality

<p>The subject of the study is to outline the boundaries within the legislator may sanction the obligations to provide information to tax authorities using tax sanctions. The author analyzes tax sanctions as instruments guaranteeing the effectiveness of legal norms related to information obligations in the light of the protection of the taxpayer’s rights. In the author’s opinion, there is a clear outline of the possible shape of the sanction, which limits the legislator in excessive interference with the rights of taxpayers. These limits, both in national and international law, are determined primarily by the principle of proportionality, which is decisive for the degree of discomfort associated with the application of sanctions. It should be indicated that the shape limits of these sanctions, characterized in this study, guarantee, in turn, the protection of the rights of these entities. At the same time, it should be emphasized that tax sanctions are, in principle, a complementary element of the system of the guarantees of the law effectiveness and the legislator deciding on their wider use should properly balance the degree of “saturation” of tax law with sanctions taking into account its nature.</p>

scholarly journals Teoretyczne założenia crowdfundingu oraz jego regulacje prawne w Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Michał Biela
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Assumptions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Desk Research

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest prezentacja założeń teoretycznych oraz praktycznej implementacji koncepcji alternatywnych źródeł finansowania społecznościowego w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektów formalno-prawnych crowdfundingu. Artykuł składa się z trzech części: w pierwszej opisano założenia definicyjne i koncepcyjne crowdfundingu, w drugiej przedstawiono propozycję zmiany ram regulacyjnych finansowania społecznościowego, przygotowanych przez instytucje Unii Europejskiej, natomiast trzecia zawiera uregulowania prawne finansowania społecznościowego w Polsce. W artykule jako metodę badawczą zastosowano desk research, której implementacja umożliwiła analizę istniejącej literatury przedmiotu. Theoretical assumptions of crowdfunding and its legal regulations in the European Union and in PolandThe aim of this article is to present the theoretical assumptions and practical implementation of the concept of alternative sources of funding in Poland and in the European Union, with emphasis on the formal and legal aspects of crowdfunding. The article consists of three parts. The first part describes the definition and conceptual assumptions of crowdfunding. The second part presents a proposal to change the crowdfunding regulatory framework at the European Union level. The third part includes legal regulations for crowdfunding in Poland. In the article, desk research was used as a research method, the implementation of which enabled the analysis of the existing literature on the subject.

THE ROLE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT INSTITUTIONS IN PREVENTING AND COMBATING THE CRIME OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 258-272
Author(s):  
ANETA ŁYŻWA
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Polish Law

The subject of this study is the characteristics of Polish law enforcement authorities in the fi eld of preventing and combating the crime of traffi cking in human beings. The author points out that, based on existing legal regulations in Poland, the foremost burden related to prevention and prosecution activities of this type of crime lies within the scope of duties of the prosecutor’s offi ce, the Police, and the Border Guard. Thus, the article is devoted to a concise description of the indicated entities in terms of their legal instruments which make it possible to effectively implement the tasks and duties imposed by law and regulations upon the institutions. In the author’s assessment, the key role in the system is played by the prosecutor, who is the only authority sanctioned to make decisions on initiating the investigation and entrusting its conduct in its entirety or the indicated scope to other authorities, primarily the Police or the Border Guard. The prosecutor’s special role also results from the fact of being solely entitled to draw up and support an indictment in court in cases involving traffi cking in human beings. Nevertheless, according to the author, in practice, the main responsibility to carry out procedural and operational activities in this category of cases lies with the Police and Border Guard. The author points out that, at present, the Polish law enforcement system has appropriate instruments, both at the legal and institutional levels, ready for the effective prevention of and combat against crimes of human traffi cking. However, bearing in mind that the phenomenon of human traffi cking has, in principle, a cross-border dimension, the article highlights the aspect of international cooperation between the relevant institutions established to detect and prosecute these crimes.

scholarly journals Overview of hydropower resources and development in Uganda

AIMS Energy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299-1320
Author(s):  
Vincent Katutsi ◽  
◽  
Milly Kaddu ◽  
Adella Grace Migisha ◽  
Muhumuza Ezra Rubanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Future Prospect ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hydropower Generation ◽  
Hydropower Development ◽  
Hydro Power ◽  
Hydropower Plants ◽  
Total Capacity

<abstract> <p>Even though hydropower plants are currently the most dominant source of electricity in Uganda, the rate of development of these resources for power generation remains low. Using a semi-systematic review approach, this paper seeks to understand why there is a slow rate of hydropower development in Uganda (challenges) and thereby provide potential solutions to these challenges. With current total capacity of about 1011 MW, findings indicate that there is a higher future prospect for hydropower generation in Uganda, with an estimated potential of over 4500 MW. In terms of number of projects, small-scale hydropower plants dominate power plants in Uganda, currently accounting for 19 out of 35 grid-connected power plants. However, with 855 MW installation capacity, large hydropower plants dominate the power generation plants landscape in Uganda. This study found that the challenges to hydropower development in this country are multi-dimensional including technical, economic, environmental, and social factors, and shows that the cross-cutting challenge is lack of human capacity that possess adequate skills to handle hydropower projects in the country. Furthermore, this study discussed practical solutions to address the identified problems facing hydro power in Uganda.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Administrative and legal dimension of the Police cooperation with international entities

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 93-106
Author(s):  
Bogdan Jaworski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Current System ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Police Cooperation ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Subject ◽  
International Police Cooperation ◽  
Police Activity

The modern police formation to which the Police in Poland aspires cannot be limited only to independent execution of tasks. Performing statutory tasks by the Police is related to undertaking various forms of cooperation and interaction with legally and organizationally diverse entities. Apart from national cooperation, legal regulations impose an obligation to cooperate with police forces of other countries and their international organizations, as well as with European Union bodies and institutions. The subject of deliberations is widely understood international cooperation of the Police and the role of entities responsible for its conduct. The areas of cooperation and forms in which it is undertaken have been investigated. Special research attention was also paid to legal regulations relating to police activity on the international arena. In the study attempts were made to assess the current system of international police cooperation.

scholarly journals PRZESTĘPSTWA I KARY W REGULACJACH PRAWNYCH NOWOANGIELSKICH KOLONII W AMERYCE PÓŁNOCNEJ W XVII WIEKU

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Maćkowska
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Public System ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Set Up ◽  
New England Colonies ◽  
Normative Aspect

CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS IN LEGAL REGULATIONS OF NEW ENGLAND COLONIES IN THE 17TH CENTURY Summary The subject of this article pertains to a colonial criminal law of New England colonies in 17th century. There are few studies on this matter, however the dominating aspects relates to a history of constitutional solutions. Comparison between normative aspect and examples of their application undoubtedly confirms some undemocratic background of colonial life. Moreover, contemporary interest in historical sciences seems to be increasing what should be sufficient reason for refreshing the older researches. Although New England colonies were founded under specific circumstances implied by relation between state and religion, they manager to set up a public system of criminal law. Nonetheless, colonists, while mainly focused on constitutional basis for their self-government, they used English and biblical paradigms for criminal regulations. One may find, however, that colonial documents consisted of rules describing a meaning of selected crimes and created relatively systematic catalogues. Detailed problems here analyzed are as following: general features of colonial criminal laws, crimes against a state and a government, against religion, against an individual and a property, against a family, crimes connected to administrative indications and selected instances of penalties.

scholarly journals PROCEDURA KONKURSOWEGO DOBORU KADR KIEROWNICZYCh. PROBLEMATYKA PRAWNA

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Tomasz Duraj
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Selection Procedures ◽  
Competitive Selection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
Selection Of

THE COMPETITIVE SELECTION PROCEDURE FOR MANAGEMENT STAFF: LEGAL ISSUES Summary This analysis relates to the legal issues in the competitive selection of management staff. Under the current provisions in Poland many legal acts pertain to this issue, giving an inhomogeneous set of regulations for the principles of conducting such procedures in particular domains of public, social and economic affairs. The subject of this article is a detailed description of the stages of the procedure for the competitive selection of management staff. Good legislation to regulate the selection procedures for competitions for management appointments will have a significant influence on the effectiveness of the adopted method of selection. The author presents the successive stages of the procedures for such competitions and conducts an in-depth legal analysis, paying specific attention to legal doubts arising in connection with the application of the current law. On the basis of his analysis he formulates some proposals de lege ferenda addressed to the legislator on the introduction of requisite amendments and supplements to the legal regulations for the procedure of competitive selection of management staff.

scholarly journals Invisible victims of induced abortions in the kingdom of Yugoslavia in the 1930s

Temida ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-358
Author(s):  
Kristina Jorgic-Stepanovic
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Political Position ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Kingdom Of Yugoslavia

The author gives a detailed analysis of the 1929 Criminal Code paragraphs that pertain to abortion. Analyzing the social indications, the paper also explains the methodological inability to determine the precise number of abortions performed during the 1930s. However, the subject of this paper is not solely an exploration of legal regulations on abortions, but rather the identification of the treatment of women in the Yugoslav Kingdom?s Criminal law from this point of view. Considering that the problem of induced abortions was approached from the existing conservative- patriarchal socio- political position, the press was often the key source for analyzing and documenting this problem. Precisely because of this fact, the paper presents an affair that revolved around the work of gynaecologist Pance Stojanovic in mid-summer 1936. This case showed the deep corruption of the Yugoslav society, but also the involvement of various representatives of power in this affair. It turned out that the patients were women from different backgrounds, but that girls and women from affluent families were far more numerous. Faced with the increasing number of fatalities following induced abortions, doctors at the 17th Congress of the Serbian Medical Association called for changes to the articles of the Yugoslav Criminal Code relating to abortion.

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