NANOPARTICLE MODIFICATION OF NATURAL FIBERS FOR STRUCTURAL COMPOSITES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMY LANGHORST ◽  
ANSHUL SINGHAL ◽  
DEBORAH MIELEWSKI ◽  
MIHAELA BANU ◽  
ALAN TAUB
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Low Carbon

Natural fibers are a lightweight, carbon negative alternative to synthetic reinforcing agents in polymer composites. However, natural fibers typically exhibit lower mechanical performance than glass fibers due to weak interfacial adhesion between plant cells in the fiber and damage to the fibers during extraction from a plant stem. However, improvement of natural fiber mechanical performance could enable their wide-scale incorporation in structural composite applications, significantly reducing composite weight and carbon footprint. This study seeks to develop a novel, cost-effective method to significantly improve natural fiber stiffness via repair of damage caused by extraction and/ or stiffening of the weak cellular interfaces within a natural fiber. Supercritical fluids have been shown to be capable of swelling and plasticizing amorphous polymers, increasing additive absorption. In this work. supercritical-carbon dioxide (scCO2) was used as a solvent to assist with infusion of nanoparticles into flax fibers at pressures ranging from 1200-4000psi. Fiber analysis with Plasma Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscopy (PFIB-SEM) showed that nanoparticles were capable of penetrating and bridging openings between cells, suggesting the ability for nanoparticle treatment to assist with crack repair. Additionally, treated fibers contained uniform surface coatings of nanoparticles, potentially reducing fiber porosity and modifying interfacial properties when embedded in a polymer matrix. Overall, this method of nanoparticle reinforcement of natural fibers could enable development of high-performance lightweight, low-carbon footprint composites for transportation or industrial applications.

Phase-Shifting Electron Holography for Accurate Measurement of Potential Distributions in Organic and Inorganic Semiconductors

Microscopy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuo Yamamoto ◽  
Satoshi Anada ◽  
Takeshi Sato ◽  
Noriyuki Yoshimoto ◽  
Tsukasa Hirayama
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Phase Measurement ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Phase Shifting ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electron Holography ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Inorganic Semiconductors

Abstract Phase-shifting electron holography (PS-EH) is an interference transmission electron microscopy technique that accurately visualizes potential distributions in functional materials, such as semiconductors. In this paper, we briefly introduce the features of the PS-EH that overcome some of the issues facing the conventional EH based on Fourier transformation. Then, we present a high-precision PS-EH technique with multiple electron biprisms and a sample preparation technique using a cryo-focused-ion-beam, which are important techniques for the accurate phase measurement of semiconductors. We present several applications of PS-EH to demonstrate the potential in organic and inorganic semiconductors and then discuss the differences by comparing them with previous reports on the conventional EH. We show that in situ biasing PS-EH was able to observe not only electric potential distribution but also electric field and charge density at a GaAs p-n junction and clarify how local band structures, depletion layer widths, and space charges changed depending on the biasing conditions. Moreover, the PS-EH clearly visualized the local potential distributions of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) layers formed at AlGaN/GaN interfaces with different Al compositions. We also report the results of our PS-EH application for organic electroluminescence (OEL) multilayers and point out the significant potential changes in the layers. The proposed PS-EH enables more precise phase measurement compared to the conventional EH, and our findings introduced in this paper will contribute to the future research and development of high-performance semiconductor materials and devices.

REPLICATION OF NANO/MICRO QUARTZ MOLD BY HOT EMBOSSING AND ITS APPLICATION TO BOROSILICATE GLASS EMBOSSING

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (31n32) ◽  
pp. 6118-6123 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUNG-WON YOUN ◽  
CHIEKO OKUYAMA ◽  
MASHARU TAKAHASHI ◽  
RYUTARO MAEDA
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Hot Embossing ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Barrier Layers ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
Micro Electromechanical System

Glass hot-embossing is one of essential techniques for the development of high-performance optical, bio, and chemical micro electromechanical system (MEMS) devices. This method is convenient, does not require routine access to clean rooms and photolithographic equipment, and can be used to produce multiple copies of a quartz mold as well as a MEMS component. In this study, quartz molds were prepared by hot-embossing with the glassy carbon (GC) masters, and they were applied to the hot-emboss of borosilicate glasses. The GC masters were prepared by dicing and focused ion beam (FIB) milling techniques. Additionally, the surfaces of the embossed quartz molds were coated with molybdenum barrier layers before embossing borosilicate glasses. As a result, micro-hot-embossed structures could be developed in borosilicate glasses with high fidelity by hot embossing with quartz molds.

The Comparison on Mechanical Bonding Properties of Untreated Coconut Fiber towards Synthetic Fiber for Fiberglass Boat Building

2017 ◽  
Vol 740 ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Amirrudin Yaacob ◽  
Z.A. Zakaria ◽  
Koto Jaswar ◽  
M.Y. Yahya
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Coconut Fiber ◽  
Fiber Product ◽  
Bonding Properties ◽  
Infusion Method

The development of high performance materials made from natural resources is increasing worldwide. The interest in natural fiber reinforced polymer composite materials is rapidly growing both in terms of their industrial applications and fundamental research. They are renewable, cheap, completely or partially recyclable, and biodegradable. The coconut fiber can be a potential candidate to replace the industrial core and foam which its application are worldwide and it is used to increase the thickness of the fiberglass boat. In this research, three types of testing panel are constructed by using 10 mm of Coconut Fiber, 3D Core Foam and Infusion Grooved PVC Foam as the sandwich core. The resin infusion method which is produce quality final products have been used. The findings be obtained by conducting two testing methods, for the Flatwise Tensile Strength testing, the specimens taken from Coconut Fiber product yielded a higher value of strength which is 3.005 MPa compared to the specimens taken from Infusion Grooved PVC Foam and 3D Core Foam which is 2.963 MPa and 1.264 MPa respectively. For the Flatwise Compressive Strength testing, the specimens taken from the Coconut Fiber product had higher value of compressive stress compared to the value of specimens taken from Infusion Grooved PVC Foam and 3D Core Foam which is 29.66 MPa, 2.58 MPa and 4.68 MPa respectively. This research has proved that the Coconut Fiber is quite suitable to become as one of the laminating schedule for the construction of the fiberglass boat hull.

FIB and TEM Studies on the Bainitic Microstructure in Low Carbon HSLA Steels

2007 ◽  
Vol 26-28 ◽  
pp. 73-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Kang ◽  
S.S. Ahn ◽  
C.Y. Yoo ◽  
Chan Gyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Acicular Ferrite ◽  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Bainitic Ferrite ◽  
Granular Bainite ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Hsla Steels ◽  
Bainitic Microstructure ◽  
Lath Structure

In the present study, focused ion beam (FIB) technique was applied to make site-specific TEM specimens and to identify the 3-dimensional grain morphologies of bainitic microstructure in low carbon HSLA steels such as granular bainite, acicular ferrite and bainitic ferrite. Granular bainite consisted of fine subgrains and 2nd phase constituents like M/A or pearlite located at grain and subgrain boundaries. Acicular ferrite was characterized by an aggregate of ramdomly orientated and irregular shaped grains. The high angle boundaries between adjacent acicular ferrite grains caused by intragranular nucleation during continuous cooling process. Bainitic ferrite revealed uniform and parallel lath structure within the prior austenite grain boundaries and its’ packet size could effectively decreased by the formation of intragranular acicular ferrite.

scholarly journals Tribology of Natural Fibers Composite Materials: An Overview

Lubricants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Milosevic ◽  
Petr Valášek ◽  
Alessandro Ruggiero
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Tribological Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mechanical And Tribological Characteristics

In the framework of green materials, in recent years, natural fiber composites attracted great attention of academia and industry. Their mechanical and tribological characteristics, such as high strength, elasticity, friction, and wear resistance, make them suitable for a wide range of industrial applications in which issues regarding a large amount of disposal are to be considered since their environmental friendliness gives them an advantage over conventional synthetic materials. Based on the recent and relevant investigations found in the scientific literature, an overview focused on the tribological characteristics of composite materials reinforced with different types of natural fibers is presented. The aim is to introduce the reader to the issues, exploring the actual knowledge of the friction and wear characteristics of the composites under the influence of different operating parameters, as well as the chemical treatment of fibers. The main experimental tribological techniques and the main used apparatus are also discussed, with the aim of highlighting the most appropriate future research directions to achieve a complete framework on the tribological behavior of many possible natural fiber composite materials.

Fabrication and Testing of Abaca Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Automotive Applications

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja R. Niranjan ◽  
S. Junaid Kokan ◽  
R. Sathya Narayanan ◽  
S. Rajesh ◽  
V.M. Manickavasagam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fibre Composite ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
The Matrix

The natural fibre composite materials are nowadays playing a vital role in replacing the conventional and synthetic materials for industrial applications. This paper proposes a natural fiber composite made of Abaca fibre as reinforcing agent with Epoxy resin as the matrix, manufactured using Hand Lay-up method. Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics (woven rovings) are used to improve the surface finish and impart more strength and stiffness to natural fibers. In this work, the fibers are arranged in alternative layers of abaca in horizontal and vertical orientation. The mechanical properties of the composite are determined by testing the samples for tensile and flexural strength. It is observed that the tensile strength of the composite material is dependent on the strength of the natural fiber and also on the interfacial adhesion between the reinforcement and the matrix. The composite is developed for automobile dashboard/mudguard application. It may also be extended to biomedical, electronics and sports goods manufacturing. It can also be used in marine products due to excellent resistance of abaca to salt water damage since the tensile strength when it is wet.

The Application of 3D-EBSD for Investigating Texture Development in Metals and Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 702-703 ◽  
pp. 469-474
Author(s):  
Michael Ferry ◽  
M. Zakaria Quadir ◽  
Nasima Afrin Zinnia ◽  
Lori Bassman ◽  
Cassandra George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focused Ion Beam ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Texture Development ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

A focused ion beam (FIB) coupled with high resolution electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has emerged as a useful tool for generating crystallographic information in reasonably large volumes of microstructure. In principle, data generation is reasonably straightforward whereby the FIB is used as a high precision serial sectioning device for generating consecutive milled surfaces suitable for mapping by EBSD. However, there are several challenges facing the technique including the need for accurate reconstruction of the EBSD slice data and the development of methods for representing the myriad microstructural features of interest including, for example, orientation gradients arising from plastic deformation through to the structure of grains and their interfaces in both single-phase and multi-phase materials. This paper provides an overview of the use of 3D-EBSD in the study of texture development in alloys during deformation and annealing and includes an update on current research on the crystallographic nature of microbands in some body centred and face centred cubic alloys and the nucleation and growth of grains in an extra low carbon steel.

Synthesis and Mechanical Characterization of Sisal-Epoxy and Hybrid-Epoxy Composites in Comparison with Conventional Fiber Glass-Epoxy Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 984-985 ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
K. Hari Ram ◽  
R. Edwin Raj
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composite ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Natural Glass

Polymer composites reinforced with natural fibers have been developed in recent years, showing significant potential for various engineering applications due to their inherent sustainability, low cost, light weight and comparable mechanical strength. Sisal is a natural fiber extracted from leaves of Agave Sisalana plants and substituted for natural glass fiber. Six different combinations of specimens were prepared with sisal, sisal-glass and glass fibers with epoxy as matrix at two different fiber orientation of 0-90° and ±45°. Mechanical characterization such as tensile, flexural and impact testing were done to analyze their mechanical strength. It is found that the hybrid composite sisal-glass-epoxy has better and comparable mechanical properties with conventional glass-epoxy composite and thus provides a viable, sustainable alternate polymer composite.

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