Auctioning IT Contracts with Renegotiable Scope

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Huang ◽  
Zhipeng Li ◽  
De Liu ◽  
Hongyan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
It Outsourcing ◽  
Quality Uncertainty ◽  
Strategic Substitutes ◽  
Fixed Price ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Information Rent ◽  
High Investment ◽  
Two Measures

Motivated by challenges facing IT procurement, this paper studies a hybrid procurement model in which a reverse auction of a fixed-price IT outsourcing contract may be followed by renegotiation to extend the contract’s scope. In this model, the buyer balances the needs to incentivize noncontractible vendor investment and to curb the winning vendor’s information rent by choosing the initial project scope and the buyer’s investment in the quality of the project. We find that a buyer may benefit from inducing ex post renegotiation to motivate vendor investment, especially when the winning vendor has high bargaining power and the quality uncertainty is low. Broadening the initial scope reduces information rent but leaves little room for ex post renegotiation and, hence, discourages vendor investment, whereas increasing the buyer’s investment has opposite effects. Interestingly, the two measures can be strategic substitutes or complements depending on the likelihood of the renegotiation and the two parties’ bargaining powers. The buyer may strategically set a low initial project scope and high investment to incentivize renegotiation and vendor investment, which may explain why many IT outsourcing projects start small and allow expansions. Our findings also generate several testable predictions for IT outsourcing. This paper was accepted by Kartik Hosanagar, information systems.

scholarly journals How to Improve Effectiveness of Renewable Space Heating Programs by Better Understanding Homeowner—Installer Interactions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4625
Author(s):  
Alisa Freyre ◽  
Stefano Cozza ◽  
Matthias Rüetschi ◽  
Meinrad Bürer ◽  
Marlyne Sahakian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Financial Incentives ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Current State ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Improved Technology

In this paper, we perform a literature review on the current state of knowledge about homeowners in the context of the adoption of renewable heating systems. Despite a considerable number of studies about homeowners, homeowner–installer interactions, and ways to improve the effectiveness of renewable heating programs, based on homeowner knowledge, have not yet been studied in much detail. To address these knowledge gaps, we conduct a qualitative study on single-family house owners who installed heat pumps and took part in a renewable heating program in Geneva, Switzerland. We cover homeowner practices in choosing installers and heating system types, homeowners’ feedback about heat pump installation and use, as well as their experience in participation in the renewable heating program. Based on the literature review and the findings from the interviews, we provide the following recommendations on how to increase the effectiveness of renewable heating programs: (a) support for homeowners should not be limited to financial incentives; (b) partnership programs with installers could help to increase the quality of installation services and enable homeowners to choose qualified installers; and (c) assisting homeowners in pre-qualification and ex-post analysis, in learning how to operate their renewable heating systems and in solving problems during the post-installation period, can contribute to improved technology reputation, which can, in turn, increase technology uptake by other homeowners.

Robust Trimming of Automotive Panels

2007 ◽  
Vol 539-543 ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.F. Golovashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Elastic Support ◽  
Small Radius ◽  
Automotive Body ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Trimmed Surface ◽  
Automotive Panels ◽  
Exterior Panel

Small pieces of metal are generated during trimming of automotive body panels. Commonly referred to as slivers, these pieces can be imprinted into the surface of stamped panels. This may require metalfinish of every stamped exterior panel. The objective of the paper is to study the influence of trimming conditions on quality of trimmed surface and to modify the trimming process to eliminate slivers and burrs from the trimmed surface. Suggested solution includes two measures: 1) building an elastic support of the offal eliminating bending of the area of the blank being trimmed off; 2) creating the preference of crack propagation from the lower shearing edge by machining a small radius on the upper shearing edge.

Competitive Entry of Information Goods Under Quality Uncertainty

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Zan Zhang ◽  
Guofang Nan ◽  
Minqiang Li ◽  
Yong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
New Product ◽  
High Price ◽  
Quality Uncertainty ◽  
Information Goods ◽  
Consumer Uncertainty ◽  
Willingness To Adopt ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Very High

When confronted with a new product, consumers often find it difficult to predict how it will perform, and such uncertainty reduces consumers’ willingness to adopt the product. In this paper, we consider a market whereby consumers decide when and which product to buy, given that they know the product quality of the incumbent but are uncertain about that of the entrant. We investigate how consumer uncertainty about product quality affects firms’ behavior-based pricing and customer acquisition and retention dynamics. Using a two-period vertical model, we find that, under high-end encroachment, an increase in consumer uncertainty reduces the entrant’s profit and hurts the incumbent’s profit when the quality differential between the products is relatively small, whereas, under low-end encroachment, increasing uncertainty not only benefits the incumbent but also can favor the entrant. An important implication for entrants is that the marketing activities, which aim to reduce consumer uncertainty about product functionalities, may fail to improve profitability. We also find that the entrant lowers the price for uninformed customers and raises the price for repeat buyers under high-end encroachment but lowers the price for all customers under low-end encroachment. We further examine the subsidy strategy and show that, when the entrant’s product has a significant quality advantage and consumer uncertainty is high but not very high, the optimal strategy for the entrant is to acquire all consumers who do not buy from the incumbent by providing subsidies and to drop the low-valuation customers by means of a high price after their uncertainty is resolved.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Discharge Planning and The Quality of Life of Patients with Diabetic Ulcer

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Candra Kusuma Negara ◽  
Abd Basid ◽  
Sri Erliani ◽  
Inaya Turahman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Discharge Planning ◽  
Diabetic Ulcer ◽  
Diabetic Ulcers ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
Ex Post Facto Study

Introduction: Diabetic ulcer is one of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus. Several studies in Indonesia reported that the mortality rate of gangrene ulcers in people with diabetes ranged from 17-32%, and diabetic ulcers affected the quality of life of sufferers. All patients hospitalized require discharge planning. From the explanation above, it can be concluded that Diabetes Mellitus is a degenerative disease that indeed requires hospitalization. The purpose of this study is to find out whether the Discharge planning process has a relationship with the quality of life of patients with Diabetic Ulcers. Methods: With the Ex post facto study design, 28 respondentwho were in accordance obtained measurements of discharge planning processes using interview methods and measurements on quality of life using the WHOQOL-BREEF questionnaire with spearman rank non parametric correlation analysis methods. Results: The results of the value are obtained: a = 0.05 with = rs table (0.707), RHO count (0.949)>rs table then categorized in the table Relationship Strengths correlation results obtained in this category is very strong / near perfect with the value 0.76- 1.00. Conclusions:This shows that there is a significant relationship with the strength of a very strong / near-perfect relationship according to the table.

scholarly journals Penentuan Faktor Daya Saing Industri Seafood Menggunakan Five Forces Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Rosmalina Hanafi ◽  
Musmiana Mendong ◽  
Syarifuddin Parenreng
Keyword(s):  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Supplier Selection ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Expert Choice ◽  
Commodity Export ◽  
Seafood Industry ◽  
Analysis Concept

The seafood industry has experienced a gradual increase in exports each year which has an impact on the high value of competitiveness in companies. PT. Nirvana Niaga Sejahtera is a seafood industry engaged in the tuna commodity export trade. The concept of competitiveness analysis and the best supplier selection used is the Five Forces Analysis concept based on five strength indicators which are incoming company threats, buyers, consumers, substitute product manufacturers, analysis of supplier strengths and AHP methods use expert choice 11 software to produce the company's best supplier. The results of the Five Forces Analysis model show that investor threats to new companies and the number of similar companies can affect the bargaining power of buyers and the quality of suppliers. The selection model using AHP produces alternative for supplier that are Supplier A (Toli-Toli) 0.385, Supplier B (Kendari) 0.322, Supplier C (Ternate) 0.279.

scholarly journals Validity in Qualitative Research: A Processual Approach

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Hayashi ◽  
Gustavo Abib ◽  
Norberto Hoppen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Single Test ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
One Step ◽  
Good Research ◽  
Quality Of Research ◽  
Processual Approach

Validity and reliability of research and its results are important elements to provide evidence of the quality of research in the organizational field. However, validity is better evidenced in quantitative studies than in qualitative research studies. As there is diversity within qualitative research methods and techniques, there is no universally accepted criteria to assess validity in qualitative studies; its usefulness is also questioned. Therefore, in this paper, we argue that qualitative research should adopt a processual view approach of validity since it should not be the product of a single test or just one step in the research. Processual validity both supports good research and helps in its reflection and guidance. To illustrate our approach, we present the processual approach adopted by one of the coauthors during the development of a research project. We highlight the validity assurance activities for both ex ante and ex post research, peer review and participation in an international conference, which corroborated the quality of the processual approach and the results that were obtained.

scholarly journals QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL DA ÁGUA SUPERFICIAL DO CÓRREGO QUATRO VINTÉNS NO MUNICÍPIO DE DIAMANTINA-MG

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 77-95
Author(s):  
Amanda Dias Araujo ◽  
Mariana de Oliveira Freitas ◽  
Hernando Baggio Filho
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Environmental Geochemistry ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Intensive Land Use ◽  
The City ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

O Córrego Quatro Vinténs faz parte da bacia hidrográfica do rio Jequitinhonha, localizado no município de Diamantina-MG. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a qualidade ambiental das águas superficiais deste córrego por meio da medição de dois parâmetros físico-químicos cor da água e turbidez. Com o recolhimento de amostras ao longo do canal do córrego foi possível relacionar os impactos aos ambientes naturais e às interferências antropogênicas, englobando as características geoambientais da área. Foram amostrados 12 pontos considerando a variação sazonal em duas campanhas de amostragem (nas estações seca e chuvosa), totalizando 24 amostras de água. As amostras foram analisadas no Laboratório de Geoquímica Ambiental – LGA/UFVJM e os resultados comparados com os valores estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA 357/05 e Portaria do Ministério da Saúde N° 2.914/2011. Os valores de turbidez (UNT) e cor da água (mg/L), tanto numa estação quanto noutra se apresentaram elevados, haja vista que a área está totalmente inserida em locais de uso intensivo do solo e áreas urbanas. Palavras-chave: Geoquímica Ambiental; Córrego Quatro Vinténs; Serra do Espinhaço Meridional.   ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY STREAM OF SURFACE WATER IN QUATRO VINTÉNS DIAMANTINA MUNICIPALITY – MG Abstract The Quatro Vintens stream part of the basin of the Jequitinhonha River, which is located in the city of Diamantina. The aim of this work is to evaluate the environmental geochemistry quality of superficial waters of this stream through two measures physical-chemical parameters water color and turbidity. Collecting samples along the stream channel was possible to relate to natural and anthropogenic interference environments, encompassing geo-environmental characteristics of the area. 12 points were sampled considering the seasonal variation in two sampling campaigns (in the dry and rainy seasons), totaling 24 water samples. Water samples were analyzed in the Environmental Geochemistry Laboratory - LGA/UFVJM and the results compared to the values ​​established by CONAMA Resolution 357/05 and Ordinance of the Ministry of Health N°. 2.914/2011. The turbidity values ​​(UNT) and color of the water (mg/L), both at a station in another as the values ​​presented high, given that the area is fully inserted in places of intensive land use and urban areas. Keywords: Environmental Geochemistry; Quatro Vinténs Stream; Diamantina; Espinhaço Meridional Ranger.   CALIDAD AMBIENTAL SECUENCIA DEL AGUA DE SUPERFICIE EN QUATRO VINTÉNS DIAMANTINA – MG Resumen La corriente Quatro Vinténs es parte de la cuenca del río Jequitinhonha, que se encuentra en la ciudad de Diamantina-MG. En este trabajo se evaluó la calidad ambiental de las aguas superficiales de esta corriente mediante la medición de dos parámetros físico-químicos del color de agua y turbidez. Con la toma de muestras a lo largo del canal de flujo fue posible relacionar los impactos en el medio ambiente natural y la interferencia antropogénica que abarca las características geo-ambientales de la zona. 12 puntos fueron muestreados teniendo en cuenta la variación estacional en dos campañas de muestreo (en las estaciones seca y lluviosa), un total de 24 muestras de agua. Las muestras fueron analizadas en el Laboratorio de Geoquímica Ambiental - LGA/UFVJM y los resultados en comparación con los valores establecidos por la Resolución CONAMA 357/05 y Decreto del Ministerio de Salud N° 2.914/2011. Los valores de turbidez (NTU) y color del agua (mg/L), tanto como una estación en otro presentan alta, teniendo en cuenta que la zona esté completamente insertado en el uso local de la tierra intensivo y áreas urbanas. Palabras-clave: Geoquímica Ambiental; Codificar Quatro Vinténs; Serra do Espinhaço.

Service-Oriented Human Computer Interaction and Scripting

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McBride ◽  
Ibrahim Elbeltagi
Keyword(s):  
Human Computer Interaction ◽  
Computer Interface ◽  
Service Encounter ◽  
Script Analysis ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
Service Interaction ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Computer Interaction

The emphasis of human-computer interaction (HCI) design on the technology and computer action tends to obscure consideration of the contribution of the computer interface to the service interaction. This chapter suggests that since a majority of commercial information systems support or provide services, the nature and progression of the service encounter should be a key concern of human computer interface designers. The chapter proposes the concept of service-oriented HCI in which HCI design is derived from service design, dialog is driven by customer needs and perceptions, activities that have led up to the service encounter are considered, and the service interaction dialog is aligned with the computer dialog. As part of service-oriented HCI, the chapter illustrates the use of scripting to examine ex-post the role of a computer interaction in a service encounter. It demonstrates that the computer dialog can drive the service interaction in such a way that the quality of the interaction is reduced and customer satisfaction affected. It concludes that the role of the computer system in a service interaction is an area for further research. Furthermore, script analysis may enable the development of human-computer dialogs that meet some of the criteria of service-oriented HCI.

An Evaluation System for IT Outsourcing Customer Satisfaction Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process

2008 ◽  
pp. 1219-1235
Author(s):  
Yong Ki Yoon ◽  
Kun Shin Im
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy Process ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
It Outsourcing ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Customer Satisfaction Evaluation ◽  
Satisfaction Evaluation ◽  
Hierarchy Process

Many companies recently have been choosing information technology (IT) outsourcing in response to complicated information systems and various internal requirements. In order to monitor and maintain a high quality of IT outsourcing vendors’ services, it is necessary to develop a system to evaluate IT outsourcing customer satisfaction. The system can be used as a tool for choosing IT outsourcing providers. Through the literature reviews and expert interviews, we propose the evaluation system of the IT outsourcing customer satisfaction. Using AHP (analytic hierarchy process) technique, attributes associated with customer satisfaction in IT outsourcing environments are then rated in terms of their importance. The customer satisfaction evaluation system is applied to IT outsourcing service receivers in Korea to demonstrate its practical implications.

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