scholarly journals Determinants of Dietary Diversity among Households in Central River Region South, the Gambia

2020 ◽  
pp. 656-666
Author(s):  
W. Drammeh ◽  
Njie B. ◽  
N. A. Hamid ◽  
A. J. Rohana
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Home Gardening ◽  
River Region ◽  
Household Dietary Diversity

Adequate dietary diversity of households in the rural areas of The Gambia remains a great public health concern. As diets of most households in the rural areas mainly composed of cereal-based grains foods with few animal food products (meat), vegetables and fresh fruits. Household dietary diversity and its determinants in the Central River Region South was not widely studied. This current study intended to determine the household dietary diversity status and its determinants in the study area. A cross-sectional study was conducted among households using dietary diversity questionnaire to assess the household's dietary diversity status, with 24 hours dietary recall period. A total of 334 households with women responsible for preparing meals for the households were selected through a multistage sampling method. SPSS Version 24 was used to analyse the data. Both univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the predictor factors of dietary diversity status of households. Mean dietary diversity score was 4.3 (SD2.28). Overall, 60.2%, 25.4% and 14.4% of households were low, medium and high dietary diversified respectively. Result revealed that household income ≤1387.50 Gambian Dalasis (1 USD = GMD 49) (AOR = 4.57, 95 % CI:1.05,6.83, P = 0.043), without home gardening (AOR = 1.43, 95 % CI: 0.72, 2.88, P = 0.031), farmland (AOR = 2.18, 95 % CI:1.68, 5.11, P = 0.013), women without education (AOR = 1.67, 95 % CI:0.53, 5.22, P = 0.005) and spouses without employment (AOR = 2.20, 95 % CI:1.17, 5.35, P = 0.018) were the predicted risk factors for household dietary diversity status. Household dietary diversity was low in the study area. Monthly income, home gardening, spouses' employment status, ownership of farmland and women's educational status were significantly associated with low dietary diversity. Major interventions that can improve household dietary diversity should be implemented in the study area.

scholarly journals Examining the Dietary Diversity of Children in Niger

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2961
Author(s):  
Nafissatou Cisse Egbuonye ◽  
Ariun Ishdorj ◽  
E.L.J. McKyer ◽  
Rahma Mkuu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Child Factors

Malnutrition is a major public health concern in Niger. The stunting rate in children in Niger is over 50%, one of the highest in the world. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine children’s dietary diversity (CDD) and the maternal factors that impact CDD. A total of 1265 mother–child pairs were analyzed. Descriptive analysis was conducted to present maternal and child characteristics. To compare the mean scores of CDD in relation to the region, an independent sample t-test was conducted. A one-way ANOVA test was conducted to evaluate the CDD score by different age groups. A linear regression model was estimated to identify household, maternal and child factors that affect the CDD score. Our results indicate that most of the participants of our survey resided in rural areas and the majority (80.7%) of the mothers had no education. Factors such as region, children’s age, woman’s empowerment, vitamin A intake and wealth index were significant predictors of CDD (p < 0.05). The children residing in rural areas were more likely to have lower CDD scores (p < 0.05) than the children in urban areas, therefore becoming more susceptible to malnutrition.

scholarly journals Hypertension and Associated Demographic Factors among Chepang Adults in Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Kshitiz Upadhyay Dhungel ◽  
Agya K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Indigenous Ethnic Group ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background and Objectives: Hypertension is one of the leading health problems globally. In developing countries like Nepal, the prevalence of hypertension is increasing yearly. This study aims to find the prevalence of hypertension and associated demographic factors among Chepang people, an indigenous ethnic group also known as one of the isolated tribal groups of Nepal. Material and Methods: It is a descriptive cross-sectional study performed in total of 324 respondent living in chepang community of Majbang-09 of Kalika Municipality. Semi structured questionnaire including socio-demographic, anthropometric measurement, 24 hour diet recall, and food frequency to explore dietary diversity information. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS 20. Chi-Square test was used to measure the association between variables and was considered significant at p <0.05. Results: According to the study the 35.5% of the respondent were hypertensive and 50.3% of were pre-hypertensive. More than half of the respondent (58.3%) had normal BMI followed by (26.9%) of the respondent were overweight, (9.0%) of the respondent were under nutrition and (5.9%) of the respondent were obese. Among the respondent who had hypertension (60.7%) were above 60 years and the lowest (21.3%) were below 40 years. Conclusion: The socio demographic variables like age, sex, educational status, annual income and marital status were found to be significantly associated with hypertension.

scholarly journals Nutritional Status of Adolescent Girls in a Selected Secondary School of North-Eastern Part of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danjuma Shehu Uba ◽  
Md. Rabiul Islam ◽  
Md. Imdadul Haque ◽  
ABM Alauddin Chowdhury ◽  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Adolescence is the most critical period of human life when transitioning occurs from childhood to adulthood. Malnutrition is one of the major global health problems faced by many developing countries across the globe. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the nutritional status of adolescent girls in a selected secondary school in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 250 adolescent girls who were available during the study period. A nutrition expert, together with an epidemiologist, gathered anthropometric information and measured the height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of the participants. The BMI was calculated, and the dietary habits of the participants were reported based on their usual food habits. It is part of our limitations and has been addressed under the limitations. Data were collected using a self-administered and semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the adolescent girls was 15.9 ± 0.9 years, and more than half (53.2%) were students of senior secondary class 1 (SS-1). More than half (54.4%) of the adolescent girls had average body weight, 36.0% were underweight, and only 9.6% were overweight. The following socio-demographic factors were significantly associated with the BMI of adolescent girls: Age, class of the students, monthly family income, mothers’ educational status, and area of residence. Close to four-fifths (78.4%) of the participants consumed rice more than twice in a week; more than eight-tenths (88.8%) of the participants consumed milk/milk products at least ≤ 2 in a week. About 84.4% of the participants took red meat at least ≤ 2 in a week; more than half (55.2%) of the participants consumed vegetables and fruits more than twice a week. Most (84.8%) of the participants took lunch regularly, and 91.6% of the adolescent girls took breakfast regularly. Conclusions: The study revealed that nearly one-third of the adolescent girls were underweight, indicating a severe public health concern. Early nutritional screening and interventions are recommended to improve the nutritional status of the adolescent girl school in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity Among Migrant and Non-Migrant Ghanaians: The RODAM Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marzà-Florensa ◽  
Daniel Boateng ◽  
Charles Agyemang ◽  
Erik Beune ◽  
Karlijn A. C. Meeks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Migrant Populations ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

Objectives: Multimorbidity is a growing public health concern due to the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases, yet information about multimorbidity in low- and middle-income countries and migrant populations is scarce. We aimed to investigate the distribution and patterns of multimorbidity in rural and urban areas in Ghana and Ghanaian migrants in Europe.Methods: The RODAM cross-sectional study included 4,833 participants. Multimorbidity was defined as presence of multiple non-communicable chronic conditions. Patterns were determined from frequent combination of conditions. Prevalence ratios were estimated by logistic regression.Results: Prevalence of multimorbidity was higher in women and in urban Ghana and Europe. We observed a cardiometabolic pattern in all sites as well as circulatory-musculoskeletal and metabolic-musculoskeletal combinations in Ghana. Multimorbidity prevalence ratios were higher in Europe (men 1.47, 95% CI 1.34–1.59, women 1.18, 1.10–1.26) and urban Ghana (men 1.46, 1.31–1.59, women 1.27, 1.19–1.34).Conclusion: Distribution and patterns of multimorbidity differed by sex and site. With a higher burden of multimorbidity in urban areas, prevention strategies should focus on forestalling its increase in rapidly growing rural areas.

scholarly journals Knowledge and awareness of rural adults regarding endemic goitre

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115
Author(s):  
Laskhy Rani Roy ◽  
Salam Khatun ◽  
Ashees Kumar Saha ◽  
Hafiza Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Endemic Goitre ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Salt Level

Knowledge and awareness related to goitre is very much important at community level for its prevention. Goitre is an iodine deficiency disease, which is in endemic in northern part of Bangladesh. This is a community based cross-sectional study conducted in rural areas of Kaharol Upzilla of Dinajpur district from January to December 2018. Data were collected by face to face interview from one adult in each of the purposively selected 377 households and a semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The study result showed that mean age of the respondents was 36.85±12.36 years where most of the respondents (82.2%) were female and 42.7% were illiterate. All of the respondents (100.0%) of the present study knew that endemic goitre means visible swelling in front of the neck. The present study revealed that 24.9% knew that endemic goitre is caused by lack of iodine in diet and having adequate iodine in diet was a way to prevent endemic goitre and 69.2% knew which food contained iodine. Majority of the respondents (57.2%) new that iodized salt contains iodine. The present study revealed that 0.8% had good knowledge regarding endemic goitre, 50.1% had average knowledge regarding endemic goitre and 49.1% had poor knowledge regarding endemic goitre. Most of the respondents, (81.7%) considered iodine an important element for body and 69.5% took iodine rich food. Though, the respondents had positive awareness regarding use of iodized salt. Level of knowledge regarding endemic goitre was associated with age (p=0.001), educational status (p<0.000), occupational status (p<0.006). Community based awareness program among school children, clubs, housewife etc. may increase the knowledge on endemic goitre at community members.

scholarly journals Are normoglycaemic individuals at risk of depression? The depression-dysglycaemic phenotype from a European population-based cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cuschieri ◽  
Julian Mamo
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Depression is an ever more common chronic non communicable disease and its control constitutes a growing public health concern given its links with a number of co-morbidities, including diabetes mellitus. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence of depression at a population level across groups of different glycaemic status, whilst establishing its socioeconomic phenotypic characteristics.Methods A nationally representative cross-sectional study was conducted in Malta between 2014 and 2016. Participants were categorized into different sub-populations according to their glycaemic status. Depression prevalence rates and socio-economic characteristics for each sub-population were established. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify links with depression.Results Depression was prevalent in 17.15% (CI 95%: 16.01 – 18.36) with a female predominance. The normoglycaemic sub-population had the highest depression rates. However, persons with known diabetes had a higher probability of having a history of depression (OR:2.36 CI 95%:1.12 – 4.96), as well as with being of the female gender, having lower educational status, having a history of smoking tobacco and having established cardiovascular disease.Conclusions Depression was highly prevalent among the normoglycaemic population especially as age progress. Physicians in primary care should implement a depression screening tool as part of their routine health check-ups, with special attention to those with cardiovascular co-morbidities and any signs of psycho-socio-economic burden.

Hundred psychiatric outpatients presented with attempted suicide

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Sapkota ◽  
AK Pandey ◽  
PM Shyangwa ◽  
DR Shakya ◽  
DK Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Interpersonal Conflict ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Attempters

Introduction: Suicide is a major public health concern and it is one of the commonest Psychiatric emergencies. Suicide rates are increasing and have become a global concern with more than 600,000 suicidal attempts every year in the United States, alone. There is no national data available for Nepal. This hospital based study may help in understanding about the cause and methods of suicide attempts. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the (i) methods and precipitating cause for attempted suicide (ii) to study the relationship between major socio-demographic variables and attempted suicide. This study may be helpful in formulating suicide prevention strategies at different levels. Methods: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary level hospital. Consecutive 100 cases of attempted suicide coming in contact to an investigating team were evaluated for methods opted for attempting suicide and underlying cause was explored. Demographic variables were recorded and analysed. Results: Majority of the suicide attempters (67%) were less than 35 years of age, and female outnumbered male. Sixty one percent of the subject belonged to rural background. Out of 100 suicide attempters 40% of them have completed SLC and majority of them were students. Fifty-four percent of the sample consumed pesticides and 25% of the cases used highly lethal means. Majority of the persons (58%) had psychiatric co morbidities in which depression was the commonest. Interpersonal conflict accounted for 18% of the cases followed by marital problems (13%) as triggering factors of attempted suicide. Conclusion: Majority of the suicide attempters were young and having psychiatric disorders. Most of the attempters were from rural areas. Keywords: Attempted suicide; psychiatric co morbidities; Interpersonal conflict. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v9i3.5584   HR 2011; 9(3): 162-167

scholarly journals Serology reflects a decline in the prevalence of trachoma in two regions of The Gambia

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie J Migchelsen ◽  
Nuno Sepúlveda ◽  
Diana L Martin ◽  
Gretchen Cooley ◽  
Sarah Gwyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
River Region ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ct Antigens ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTTrachoma is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct). It is targeted for global elimination as a public health problem. In 2014, a population-based cross-sectional study was performed in two previously trachoma-endemic areas of The Gambia. Participants of all ages from Lower River Region (LRR) (N = 1028) and Upper River Region (URR) (N = 840) underwent examination for trachoma and had blood collected for detection of antibodies against the Ct antigen Pgp3, by ELISA. Overall, 30 (1.6%) individuals had active trachoma; the prevalence in children aged 1–9 years was 3.4% (25/742) with no statistically significant difference in prevalence between the regions. There was a significant difference in overall seroprevalence by region: 26.2% in LRR and 17.1% in URR (p<0.0001). In children 1-9 years old, seroprevalence was 4.4% in LRR and 3.9% in URR. Reversible catalytic models using information on age-specific seroprevalence demonstrated a decrease in the transmission of Ct infection in both regions, possibly reflecting the impact of improved access to water, health and sanitation as well as mass drug administration campaigns. Serological testing for antibodies to Ct antigens is potentially useful for trachoma programmes, but consideration should be given to the coendemicity of sexually transmitted Ct infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypertension in a rural community of coastal Karnataka: a cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2774
Author(s):  
Trapti Saxena ◽  
Rajeev K. H.
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Hypertension is major risk factor for CVDs and its complications account for 9.4 million deaths worldwide every year. Hypertension itself is responsible for about 45% and 51% deaths due to heart disease and stroke respectively. Hypertension is a major public health concern in India both in urban and rural areas and it is increasing at an alarming rate in rural population. Because of inadequate access to health care facilities at rural areas, the early screening and treatment of hypertension is not done regularly, so we conducted this study. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of hypertension in a rural community of coastal Karnataka.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted at rural field practice area of Srinivas Institute of Medical Sciences. Sample size was 300 and convenient sampling method used. Data was collected visiting homes and blood pressure measured with mercury sphygmomanometer by. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.Results: Among 300 participants, 45% and 55% were males and females respectively and mean age of the participants was 50.6±15.4 years. The overall prevalence of hypertension among them was 18% and the proportion of hypertension was more among males, people aged >45 years and illiterates.Conclusions: Our study shows that, hypertension has seeped into rural population also which was a concern of the urban population earlier. New cases of hypertension diagnosed were also more which indirectly indicates, most people are not aware of their blood pressure and importance of regular monitoring of blood pressure. So, doing regular screening and creation of awareness at rural areas will help in reducing the morbidity and mortality due to hypertension and its complications. 

scholarly journals Predictors of dietary diversity among adults on antiretroviral therapy in Debre Tabor Hospital, northwest Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassaw Wubnew Zerihun ◽  
Esmael Ali Muhammad ◽  
Gashaw Andargie Biks ◽  
Aysheshim Kassahun Belew ◽  
Melkamu Tamir Hunegnaw
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Debre Tabor

Abstract Background: Diversified diet to improve better tolerates human immunodeficiency virus drugs, enhance antiretroviral therapy adherence and maintain a healthy weight to reduce mortality and morbidity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess dietary diversity and associated factors among adult human immunodeficiency virus positive patients who were on antiretroviral therapy at Debre Tabor Hospital northwest EthiopiaMethods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Tabor Hospital and participants selected by the systematic random sampling techniques. Data collection was done by using a structured interview questionnaire. Dietary diversity was computed from all food and drink list consumed in the 24 hours preceding the survey. A variable having p- value < 0.2 in the bivariate logistic regression was entered into the multivariable logistic regression, and independent variables having p-value < 0.05 was considered as significantly associated. Results: Of the total 341 adults on antiretroviral therapy 336 participants gave a complete response with a response rate of 98.50%. Among the participants 336 [32.4% (95% CI: 27.4, 37.1)] had adequate dietary diversity and 22.9% were BMI <18.5kg/m2. Government employment [AOR= 2.5; 95%CI: 1.28, 4.98) and diploma and above educational status [AOR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.01, 5.31) were factors for adequate dietary diversity. Conclusions: In this study the magnitude of adequate dietary diversity was low. Employment and educational status were significantly associated with dietary diversity among people living with HIV/AIDS. Hence, improving education status as well as income generation activities are highly recommended strategy to improve the dietary diversity of patients on antiretroviral therapy.

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