Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Breastfeeding Among Mothers of Children Under 6 Months of Age in Suva, Fiji

Breastfeeding is a cost-effective public health approach that decreases infant and child morbidity and mortality. Fiji's exclusive breastfeeding rate was 40 percent compared to the global target of 50 percent. The research aims to evaluate mothers’ breastfeeding infants' level of knowledge, attitudes, and practice less than 6 months of age in Suva. A descriptive quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out in 3 randomly selected medical areas in Suva, Fiji. Knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) questionnaire was used to gather data from 415 mothers. The overall mean scores for breastfeeding knowledge of mothers were 12.9, the attitude was 33.7, and practice 7.20. Results showed that mothers were generally found to have good levels of knowledge and practice but a fair attitude. Knowledge was associated with the number of children that mothers had and ethnicity. Attitude had a positive correlation with household income. The practice was positively correlated with the mother's status of employment, the number of children, ethnicity, marital status, and household income. To improve breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and practices of mothers, awareness and education should be strengthened in all health facilities. Improvement in health education materials and advocacy is required.

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A cross-sectional study on determinants of immunization coverage in urban area Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211751 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 2309

Author(s):

D. P. Lakshmi Priya ◽

P. Kalyani ◽

B. Sindhu Bala

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Healthcare Facility ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Child Health Services ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Children

Background: Immunization is one of the cost effective measures preventing approximately 2 to 3 million deaths in young children every year. Inspite of the progress in vaccination coverage challenges still remain for underserved and inaccessible children. It is therefore essential to evaluate the immunization coverage at periodic intervals and improve coverage in vulnerable areas.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 152 children aged 12 to 42 months in urban Chidambaram from September to October 2018. We collected details regarding immunization from vaccination card or mother’s recall. A pretested semi-structured proforma was used to collect sociodemographic variables. Data were collected, compiled and tabulated using microsoft excel and analyzed using SPSS 20.0 version.Results: Complete immunization coverage was 80.3% and 19.7% were partially immunized. Lack of awareness is the major reason for failure of full immunization (63.3%). Immunization coverage was higher when parents studied up to higher secondary or graduates (mother 91.3%, father 87.5%, p value 0.01), father do skilled jobs (91.9%, p value 0.02), among first birth ordered children (88.3%, p value 0.01), children born in healthcare facility and among mothers who received antenatal care during pregnancy (80.8% each, p value 0.04).Conclusions: Lack of awareness, parents’ literacy and occupation, place of birth, antenatal services and number of children in the family are important determinants of immunisation coverage. Apart from strengthening of infrastructure for better delivery of mother and child health services other issues also need to be addressed for better immunization practices.

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Panic and Trust during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study on Immigrants in South Korea

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9020199 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 199

Author(s):

Myeong Sook Yoon ◽

Israel Fisseha Feyissa ◽

So-Won Suk

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

South Korea ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Native Community ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Public ◽

Marginalized Groups ◽

Local Media ◽

Effective Public Health

In the COVID-19 pandemic, marginalized groups like migrants are disproportionately affected. As panic, fear of neglect, and mistrusting institutions in these groups are presumed to be apparent, their detachment to health services still needs to be investigated. This study comparatively analyzed the level of panic and trust between South Koreans and immigrants who are living within highly affected areas of South Korea. Mann–Whitney-U-Test and Pearson correlation showed panic is more pronounced in the Korean group while having a similar panic display pattern with the immigrants. The immigrant group appears to highly trust the Korean health system, health institutions, local media, and the local native community. Beyond conventional expectations, participant’s average panic score showed a statistically significant positive correlation with items of the trust scale, indicating a level of individual reliance amid the pandemic panic. Thus, ascertaining institutional trust and matured citizenry are identified as factors for effective public health outcomes. During such a pandemic, this study also reminded the public health needs of immigrants as secondary citizens, and presumptions of immigrants’ mistrust in such settings might not always be true.

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Association between socioeconomic status and dental caries among Chinese preschool children: a cross-sectional national study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042908 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. e042908

Author(s):

Tingting Zhang ◽

Jialan Hong ◽

Xueting Yu ◽

Qiulin Liu ◽

Andi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Oral Health ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Household Income ◽

Parental Education ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Index Of Inequality

ObjectivesSocioeconomic inequalities in oral health are often neglected in oral health promotion. This cross-sectional study assessed the association between dental caries and socioeconomic status (SES) among preschool children in China.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingData from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey of China (2015), comprising of 40 360 children aged 3–5 years was used.MethodsDental caries indicators including prevalence of dental caries, dental pain experience and number of decayed, missing and filling teeth (dmft). SES indicators included parental education and household income. The associations between SES and dental caries were analysed by using negative binomial regression or Poisson regression models according to data distribution. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were quantified by using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII) and Slope Index of Inequality (SII), respectively.ResultsThere were significant associations between SES and prevalence of dental caries and dmft (p<0.001). Children from lower educated (RII 1.36, 95% CI 1.3 to 1.43; SII 0.97, 95% CI 0.81 to 1.13) and lower household income (RII 1.17, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.24; SII 0.55, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.75) families had higher dmft than those from well-educated and most affluent families. Relative and absolute inequalities in dental caries were larger in urban areas by household income, and in rural areas by parental education.ConclusionsAssociation between dental caries and SES was demonstrated and socioeconomic inequalities in dental caries existed among Chinese preschool children.

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Integration of Family Planning Counselling to Mass Screening Campaign for Cervical Cancer: Experience from Guinea

Obstetrics and Gynecology International ◽

10.1155/2018/3712948 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

D. W. A. Leno ◽

F. D. Diallo ◽

A. Delamou ◽

F. D. Komano ◽

M. Magassouba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Family Planning ◽

Mass Screening ◽

Local Treatment ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Capital Cities ◽

Long Acting ◽

Cancer Experience

Aim. To assess feasibility of integrating family planning counselling into mass screening for cervical cancer in Guinea. Methodology. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted over a month in Guinea regional capital cities. The targeted population comprised women aged 15 to 49 years. Nearly 4000 women were expected for the screening campaigns that utilized VIA and VIL methods with confirmation of positive tests through biopsy. A local treatment was immediately performed when the patient was eligible. Results. Overall 5673 women aged 15 to 60 years were received, a surplus of 42% of the expected population. 92.3% of women were aged 15–49 years and 90.1% were 25–49 years. Long-acting methods were the most utilized (89.2% of family planning users). 154 precancerous and cancerous lesions were screened, a global positivity rate of 2.7%. Conclusion. Integration of counselling and family planning services provision during cervical cancer mass screening is a feasible strategy. A cost-effective analysis of this approach would help a better planning of future campaigns and its replication in other contexts.

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Trend and status of out-of-pocket payments for healthcare in Iran: equity and catastrophic effect

Journal of Egyptian Public Health Association ◽

10.1186/s42506-020-00055-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 95 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Satar Rezaei ◽

Abraha Woldemichael ◽

Mohammad Ebrahimi ◽

Sina Ahmadi

Keyword(s):

Household Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Publicly Funded ◽

Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽

Time Series Regression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Out Of Pocket Payments ◽

Main Determinants ◽

Over Time ◽

Yearly Data

Abstract Background Equity in the distribution of health care resources and mitigating the risk of out-of-pocket (OOP) catastrophic healthcare expenditures (CHE) are the major objectives of the health system of a country. This study aims to measure equity in OOP payments for healthcare and the incidence of CHE among Iranian households over time. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study utilized data extracted from the household income and expenditure survey (HIES) of Iran, collected by the Statistical Center of Iran. The analysis included a total of 174,341 households’ five yearly data of 6 years starting from 1991 to 2017. Kakwani progressivity index (KPI) was used to measure the equity in OOP payment for each year and examine the households’ incidence of CHE at 20%, 30%, and 40% of their capacities to pay (CTP). The trend series regression analysis was used to examine the trend in the KPI and the incidence of the CHE over time. Results The findings indicated that the households’ expenditure on health out of their monthly budgets for the years 1991 and 2017 were 2.1% and 10.1%, respectively. The KPI for the OOP payment was negative for all 6-year observations (1991 = − 0.680; 1996 = − 0.608; 2001 = − 0.554; 2006 = − 0.265; 2011 = − 0.225, and 2017 = − 0.207), indicating that the OOP payments for healthcare are regressive and more concentrated among the socioeconomically disadvantaged households. There was a statistically significant (p = 0.003) increase in the KPI (i.e., decline in the regressivity) over time. The incidence of the CHE (1.12, 1.93, and 3.71%) in 1991 at the CTP levels of 20%, 30%, and 40% was lower than the incidence at the corresponding levels of CTP (5.26, 10.88, and 22.16) in 2017. The findings of the time-series regression indicated a statistically significant (p < 0.05) increase in the incidence of the CHE at the 20%, 30%, and 40% levels of the households’ CTP. Conclusions The current study demonstrated that OOP payment as a source of healthcare funding in Iran is inequitable. While the use of interventions such as the prepaid and publicly funded programs may contribute to the reduction of CHE and improvement of equity in healthcare financing, further inequality analyses in the incidence of the CHE among households and its main determinants can contribute to evidence-informed planning to reduce the CHE in the context.

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http://theicph.com/id_ID/122-siti-zakiah-zulfa-cesa-septiana-pratiwi/

Childhood Stunting, Wasting, and Obesity, as the Critical Global Health Issues: Forging Cross-Sectoral Solutions ◽

10.26911/the7thicph.02.12 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Iftah Tazkiyah ◽

◽

Sudarto Ronoatmodjo ◽

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Employment Status ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Premature Menopause ◽

Early Menopause ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Master Program ◽

Number Of Children

Background: Menopause was the time of life when menstrual cycles cease and are caused by reduced secretion of the ovarian hormones estrogen and progesterone. the proportion of women aged menopause increases with increasing age. This study aimed to find the relationship between employment status, age at first delivery, number of children and smoking status to the incidence of early menopause in women aged 30 to 40 years. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study conducted from secondary data Indonesian Health Data Survey (IDHS), 2017. The inclusion criteria were female respondents 30-40 years old with who are married and use contraceptives. The dependent variable was early menopause. The independent variables were employment status, age at first delivery, number of children and smoking status. The data were analyzed by chi-square and logistic regression. Results: This study found that women aged 30-40 years who had menopause were 10.3%. From the multivariate results, it was found that women who had more than 2 children had a 1.4 times greater risk of early menopause (OR= 1.43, 95% CI= 1.43 to 1.26). Women who have jobs have a 0.5 times greater risk of premature menopause than women who do not work (OR= 0.55, 95% CI= 0.49 to 0.61). The most dominant variable related to the incidence of menopause is the number of children. Conclusion: The family planning program needs to be increased in order to provide counseling on long-term family planning and how to plan to have children and prepare for menopause. Keywords: early menopause, number of children, childbirth age, smoking Correspondence: Iftah Tazkiyah. Master program in Public Health, University of Indonesia. Pondok Cina, Beji district, Depok city, West Java 12345. E-mail: [email protected]. Mobile: 08118002454. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.12

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Sociodemographic factors associated with postnatal maternal complications in public hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya

African Journal of Midwifery and Women s Health ◽

10.12968/ajmw.2019.0030 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Raheli Misiko Mukhwana ◽

Margaret N Keraka ◽

Meshack Onyambu

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Mode Of Delivery ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Maternal Complications ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Focused Antenatal Care

Introduction/Aims Focused antenatal care provides individualised counselling, targeted assessment and safe, cost effective, evidence-based intervention. It has been implemented in developing countries as a strategy to improve maternal health. This study aimed to investigate sociodemographic factors associated with maternal complications in selected public county hospitals in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Methods This was a cross-sectional study using a sample of 397 postnatal women who were given a questionnaire, with sections on their sociodemographic and health characteristics. Data analysis was done using the Chi Square test to determine the association between study variables, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results The study found that 30% of respondents reported a maternal complication during their current delivery outcome. Sociodemographic factors significantly associated with maternal complications were age (P=0.002), occupation (P=0.001) and income (P=0.011). The health factors associated with occurrence of maternal complications were number of deliveries (P=0.001) and mode of delivery (P=0.001). Conclusions A number of factors were found to be significantly associated with maternal outcomes, including age and occupation. Further studies to determine why young women do not use focused antenatal care are necessary, as this would help reduce the incidence of birth-associated complications.

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Relationship between annual household income and suicidal ideation: a cross-sectional study

Psychology Health & Medicine ◽

10.1080/13548506.2018.1515494 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 76-82

Author(s):

Hajime Sueki

Keyword(s):

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Household Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Annual Household Income ◽

Cross Sectional

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Effects of Attitude, Motivation, and Eagerness for Physical Activity among Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Journal of Healthcare Engineering ◽

10.1155/2020/1014891 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Md Mizanur Rahman ◽

Dongxiao Gu ◽

Changyong Liang ◽

Rao Muhammad Rashid ◽

Monira Akter

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Sports Participation ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Global Statistics

Background. Although physical activity (PA) is a noninvasive and cost-effective method of improving the quality of health, global statistics show that only a few middle-aged and older adults engage in the recommended PAs. This is due to a lack of motivation and companionship. Objective. This study analyses the attitudes and self-determined motivation of Chinese middle-aged and older adults for PAs and their eagerness to participate in PAs such as sports, exercise, and recreational and cultural activities (RCAs), from attitudinal, eagerness, and motivational objectives of PAs perspective. Methods. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 840 middle-aged (35–54 years) and older adults (55+ years). To determine their attitude, eagerness, and self-determined motivation for PA, we used attitudinal, Eagerness for Physical Activity Scale (EPAS), and Situational Motivational Scale (SIMS). The data were analyzed with SPSS 23.0. Results. The results show that 39.1% of the participants were not satisfied with PAs. Compared with females, males reported a less positive attitude towards PAs. Moreover, a positive attitude decreases with age. Participants’ motivation and eagerness in activities such as RCAs, exercise, and sports are decreasing. Regarding self-determined motivation, there are gender differences in RCAs, but there is none for exercise and sports participation. Conclusion. The findings show the importance of RCAs and the support of family and friends enhancing the eagerness, attitude, and motivation to participate in PAs. Furthermore, the findings can help to create more effective PA programs for middle-aged and older adults. By engaging in RCAs, participants can reap the benefits of PAs. Participating in RCAs can lead to social equity in health.

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Relationship between Number and Order of Children with Exclusive Breastfeeding Practices in Surakarta

Smart Society Empowerment Journal ◽

10.20961/ssej.v1i1.48533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

Vivienne Tjung ◽

Husnia Auliyatul Umma ◽

Jarot Subandono

Keyword(s):

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Breastfeeding Practices ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

The Relationship ◽

Breastfeeding Practice

Introduction: Exclusive breast milk is breastfeeding for six months to babies, without providing other foods and drinks. Breastfeeding for up to 6 months is recommended by various health organizations, including the Ministry of Health. In Indonesia, exclusive breastfeeding is still low, even though the benefits of breastfeeding are numerous. Various studies that have been conducted have shown different results regarding the relationship between the number and sequence of children with breastfeeding practices. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the number of children and the order of the children with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in SurakartaMethods: This study was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional study design. The research sample was determined by random sampling of mothers registered at the Penumping Health Center. The research sample consisted of 50 people who have children aged 1-5 years. Assessment of completeness of breastfeeding was measured using a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis techniques using chi-square and multivariate logistic regression.Results and discussions: From 47 subjects studied with the bivariate analysis technique using the chi square between the number of children and the order of children with exclusive breastfeeding practice, the results were less significant, p = 0.724 and p = 0.401.Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between the number of children and the order of children with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Surakarta.Keywords: Exclusive breastfeeding, number of children, order of children.

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