scholarly journals Earthcasting the future Critical Zone

Elem Sci Anth ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Goddéris ◽  
Susan L Brantley
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Reaction Front ◽  
Critical Zone ◽  
Multiple Models ◽  
Mechanistic Models ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Carbonate Reaction

Abstract As humans continue to impact the Critical Zone, we need to project how our environment will evolve into the future. To model such change requires the ability to simulate interactions among the lithosphere, pedosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere — including the activities of humans. Such projections, which some have called earthcasts, must be made with mechanistic models that capture the important phenomena, as well as scenarios of human behavior. As an example, we present earthcasts of future weathering in the mid-continent of the USA into the next century of projected warming. Rates of sequestration of CO2 from the atmosphere due to weathering will change in the future as carbonate and silicate minerals are dissolved or precipitated in soil. The downward or upward advance of the carbonate reaction front in the soil is an analogue of the oceanic lysocline. Like the movement of the oceanic lysocline in response to oceanic acidification, this terrestrial lysocline will likely move due to fluxes of CO2 driven by human activity. Understanding this and other responses to perturbations will best be achieved using multiple models for earthcasting.

scholarly journals Rates of consumption of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> through the weathering of loess during the next 100 yr of climate change

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Goddéris ◽  
S. L. Brantley ◽  
L. M. François ◽  
J. Schott ◽  
D. Pollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Reaction Front ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Mississippi Valley ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
The Future

Abstract. Quantifying how C fluxes will change in the future is a complex task for models because of the coupling between climate, hydrology, and biogeochemical reactions. Here we investigate how pedogenesis of the Peoria loess, which has been weathering for the last 13 kyr, will respond over the next 100 yr of climate change. Using a cascade of numerical models for climate (ARPEGE), vegetation (CARAIB) and weathering (WITCH), we explore the effect of an increase in CO2 of 315 ppmv (1950) to 700 ppmv (2100 projection). The increasing CO2 results in an increase in temperature along the entire transect. In contrast, drainage increases slightly for a focus pedon in the south but decreases strongly in the north. These two variables largely determine the behavior of weathering. In addition, although CO2 production rate increases in the soils in response to global warming, the rate of diffusion back to the atmosphere also increases, maintaining a roughly constant or even decreasing CO2 concentration in the soil gas phase. Our simulations predict that temperature increasing in the next 100 yr causes the weathering rates of the silicates to increase into the future. In contrast, the weathering rate of dolomite – which consumes most of the CO2 – decreases in both end members (south and north) of the transect due to its retrograde solubility. We thus infer slower rates of advance of the dolomite reaction front into the subsurface, and faster rates of advance of the silicate reaction front. However, additional simulations for 9 pedons located along the north–south transect show that the dolomite weathering advance rate will increase in the central part of the Mississippi Valley, owing to a maximum in the response of vertical drainage to the ongoing climate change. The carbonate reaction front can be likened to a terrestrial lysocline because it represents a depth interval over which carbonate dissolution rates increase drastically. However, in contrast to the lower pH and shallower lysocline expected in the oceans with increasing atmospheric CO2, we predict a deeper lysocline in future soils. Furthermore, in the central Mississippi Valley, soil lysocline deepening accelerates but in the south and north the deepening rate slows. This result illustrates the complex behavior of carbonate weathering facing short term global climate change. Predicting the global response of terrestrial weathering to increased atmospheric CO2 and temperature in the future will mostly depend upon our ability to make precise assessments of which areas of the globe increase or decrease in precipitation and soil drainage.

scholarly journals Anti-Memorials and the Art of Forgetting: Critical Reflections on a Memorial Design Practice

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
SueAnne Ware
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Spectrum ◽  
Design Practice ◽  
Design Work ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heroin Overdose ◽  
The Future ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Andreas Huyssen writes, ‘Remembrance as a vital human activity shapes our links to the past, and the ways we remember define us in the present. As individuals and societies, we need the past to construct and to anchor our identities and to nurture a vision of the future.’ Memory is continually affected by a complex spectrum of states such as forgetting, denial, repression, trauma, recounting and reconsidering, stimulated by equally complex changes in context and changes over time. The apprehension and reflective comprehension of landscape is similarly beset by such complexities. Just as the nature and qualities of memory comprise inherently fading, shifting and fleeting impressions of things which are themselves ever-changing, an understanding of a landscape, as well as the landscape itself, is a constantly evolving, emerging response to both immense and intimate influences. There is an incongruity between the inherent changeability of both landscapes and memories, and the conventional, formal strategies of commemoration that typify the constructed landscape memorial. The design work presented in this paper brings together such explorations of memory and landscape by examining the ‘memorial’. This article examines two projects. One concerns the fate of illegal refugees travelling to Australia: The SIEVX Memorial Project. The other, An Anti-Memorial to Heroin Overdose Victims, was designed by the author as part of the 2001 Melbourne Festival.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH ASPEK KEPERILAKUAN TERHADAP SISTEM AKUNTANSI (STUDI KASUS PADA PT. SINAR GALESONG PRIMA DI MANADO)

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wulan Mogontha ◽  
Grace B. Nangoi ◽  
Natalia Gerungai
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression ◽  
Human Behavior ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Behavioral Accounting ◽  
Trading Company ◽  
Behavioral Aspect ◽  
The Future ◽  
A Company

Accounting is information or, to be specific, accounting system. Accounting  System has important role in a company where the success of an accounting system depends on the human behavior as respond giving user. Therefore, there should be a necessary consideration regarding behavioral aspect in running an accounting system whereas be behavioral accounting is focusing on accountant’s and auditor’s decision making wether the system is run according to the company’s procedure and their objective as well. This research is aimed to analize the effect of behavioral aspect on accounting system run by PT Sinar Galesong Prima in Manado as a trading company. The method of analysis applied is multiple linear regression. The result of the conducted research shows that behavioral aspect (Attitude, Motivation, Perseption, Emotion) is not significantly affected the accounting system run by the company. It is expected that the company would give more concern, particularly to the behavioral aspect in applying the existing system so that in the future, the accounting system in the company could run effectively and efficiently according to the company’s objective.Keywords : Accounting System, Behavioral Accounting, Attitude, Motivation, Perpseption, Emotion.

scholarly journals Adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer

2002 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
J.A. Wils
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Usa

Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, with approximately 300,000 new cases and 200,000 related deaths in Europe and the USA each year. Adjuvant treatment of colorectal cancer is now widely accepted and can reduce mortality with approximately 10%. This can be considered as one of the major achievements in oncology from the past decade. Current results will be discussed and strategies for the future will be outlined, including on-going or planned large-scale trials with new drugs and approaches.

scholarly journals The Future of Critical Zone Science: Call for Papers

Eos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhavana Arora ◽  
Pamela Sullivan ◽  
Sylvain Kuppel ◽  
Xiaofan Yang ◽  
Jannis Groh
Keyword(s):  
Critical Zone ◽  
Special Collection ◽  
The Future

Contributions are invited to a new cross-journal special collection that describe novel advances in critical zone research, with specific consideration for transferable and broadly applicable science.

scholarly journals Membangun Branding Produk UMKM Melalui Media Sosial Tiktok

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-289
Author(s):  
Lian Fawahan ◽  
Ita Marianingsih Purnasari
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
The Future ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Future Business ◽  
Internet Network

The occurrence of the Covid-19 pandemic  makes many MSMEs have to lose money and go out of business, whereas in Indonesia the most important joint that sustains the wheels of the country's economy is MSMEs. In addition to the pandemic, the challenge of MSMEs is rise of the digital economy movement is very  rapid  for making    MSMEs  demanded to understand information technology. The covid-19 pandemic is increasingly encouraging human activity through the internet network. One of the simplest steps to build a brand through TikTok social media. In  2020 number of downloads amounted to 63.3 million both in the Apple store and the play store the best-selling application is TikTok. Indonesia  is the downloader of the application amounting to 11% of the total downloads of tiktok application, with tiktok MSME actors can build their product brand, considering it does not require a lot of cost and energy. The potential of the wider market and the future business will also be a consideration because tiktok social media is widely used by millennials who have high consumptive power.  This study uses qualitative descriptive, uses literature studies quoted from book journals as well as relevant websites. The purpose of this study is to encourage MSMEs to have a good brand so that they can compete with other products, and through social media, especially TikTok, the MSME market segment can be wider internationally. Considering that social media has eliminated geography, meaning that when it can go viral social media, everyone can see MSME products. Keywords: MSMEs, Branding, TikTok

scholarly journals Progress in practical hydrogen production and utilisation in East Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-101
Author(s):  
Pradipto Suwidji ◽  
Hoi Ying Chung ◽  
Yun Hau Ng
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Future Prospect ◽  
Pilot Projects ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Hydrogen Technology ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Usa ◽  
East Asia Region

Development of hydrogen utilisation for energy applications has seen promising innovation towards the future prospect of clean and sustainable energy, benefitting various aspects of environmental, social, industrial and energy security. In the APEC region, several economies, such as the USA, China, Australia, Japan and South Korea, have shown interest in the development of hydrogen technology for energy applications. These economies have been devoting effort towards research and development programmes, pilot projects and, up to a certain point, implementing it in their communities. In addition, these economies each have their own tailored hydrogen roadmap or strategy, ensuring a smoother path towards hydrogen development. In this mini-review, we analysed the approaches of three selected economies in the East Asia region towards hydrogen technology, namely China, Japan and South Korea. Each of these economies have their own strategies and priorities towards the application, production and future development of hydrogen technology. This review also analyses the future possibilities for the integration of hydrogen technology into various sectors, as well as various constraints faced by each economy. Therefore, the review might serve as a valuable reference towards the feasibility of future hydrogen technology development in the East Asia and APEC region.

scholarly journals Forecasting COVID-19 confirmed cases, deaths and recoveries: Revisiting established time series modeling through novel applications for the USA and Italy

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0244173
Author(s):  
Emrah Gecili ◽  
Assem Ziady ◽  
Rhonda D. Szczesniak
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Prediction Interval ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
State Space Model ◽  
Policy Decision ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Novel Applications

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is an emergent disease that initially had no historical data to guide scientists on predicting/ forecasting its global or national impact over time. The ability to predict the progress of this pandemic has been crucial for decision making aimed at fighting this pandemic and controlling its spread. In this work we considered four different statistical/time series models that are readily available from the ‘forecast’ package in R. We performed novel applications with these models, forecasting the number of infected cases (confirmed cases and similarly the number of deaths and recovery) along with the corresponding 90% prediction interval to estimate uncertainty around pointwise forecasts. Since the future may not repeat the past for this pandemic, no prediction model is certain. However, any prediction tool with acceptable prediction performance (or prediction error) could still be very useful for public-health planning to handle spread of the pandemic, and could policy decision-making and facilitate transition to normality. These four models were applied to publicly available data of the COVID-19 pandemic for both the USA and Italy. We observed that all models reasonably predicted the future numbers of confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries of COVID-19. However, for the majority of the analyses, the time series model with autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and cubic smoothing spline models both had smaller prediction errors and narrower prediction intervals, compared to the Holt and Trigonometric Exponential smoothing state space model with Box-Cox transformation (TBATS) models. Therefore, the former two models were preferable to the latter models. Given similarities in performance of the models in the USA and Italy, the corresponding prediction tools can be applied to other countries grappling with the COVID-19 pandemic, and to any pandemics that can occur in future.

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