scholarly journals FALLS’ RISK ANALYSIS OF OLDER PATIENTS IN NURSING DEPARTMENTS: ONE MONTH STUDY

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 642-646
Author(s):  
Agnė Jakavonytė-Akstinienė ◽  
Jūratė Macijauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Falls Risk ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Of Falls

BACKGROUND: Falls are a major public health problem, especially in the elderly. Of people who suffer falls, 20- 30% experience mild to severe injuries. Timely assessment of risk factors can prevent some of these falls occurring.PURPOSE OF STUDY: To assess the falls risks factors of patients in nursing departments.METHODS: The study was conducted January to September, 2015 in a Lithuanian long-term care and treatment hospital. The Morse Fall Scale was used for assessment of falls risk, which were evaluated within 48 hours and then after one month of admission to the hospital.RESULTS: The study involved 177 respondents. After one month of admission to the hospital, 129 participants took part in the survey. During the first stage of the study, the difference in falls between the age groups and falls risk was statistically significant (p = 0.019). In addition, statistically significant differences (p = 0.004 and p = 0.000) were found between the patients’ cognitive impairment, falls within the past 1-year period, and the risk of falls during 48 hours after hospitalization. After one month of admission to the hospital, it was found that differences in falls risk was not statistically significant among age groups (p = 0.360) or the patients’ cognitive impairment (p = 0.200).CONCLUSION: An assessment of patients within 48 hours of hospitalisation revealed a statistically significant difference between the patients having suffered a fall within the past year and the current risk of falls.

Seroepidemiology of human Brucella infection in Yixing, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Xiao ◽  
Guohua Zou ◽  
Junwei Yin ◽  
Wenwen Tan ◽  
Jiangang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Abattoir Workers

Brucellosis is a common zoonotic infection worldwide and a major public health problem in developing countries including China. The aim of our study was to investigate the seroprevalence of Brucella infection in humans in Yixing, located at the centre of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration. A total of 895 sera from apparently healthy abattoir workers and 3303 sera from general healthy people living in rural areas were collected in Yixing, screened by Rose-Bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) and the positives were confirmed by standard tube agglutination test (SAT) according to official Chinese diagnostic criteria. Seropositivity among abattoir workers was 16.42% compared to zero among the general population living in rural areas. No significant difference of seropositivity was observed in age groups. Contact or inhalation of Brucella organisms from infected animals, principally goats, was found to be a significant risk factor. Education in occupational hygiene and public healthcare programmes are needed to control this emerging problem.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Study of Hepatitis A Infection in Eastern Bulgaria

Folia Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela St. Tsankova ◽  
Tatina T. Todorova ◽  
Neli M. Ermenlieva ◽  
Tsvetelina K. Popova ◽  
Dayana T. Tsankova
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The South ◽  
North East ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection is an acute, self-limited liver disease transmitted usually through the faecal-oral route via person-to-person contact. Bulgaria has intermediate HAV endemicity with higher susceptibility among adults and recurrent outbreaks. Aim: As HAV infection is strongly related to human movements and represents a significant risk to travelers and migrants, as well as to local population receiving these groups, we set out to analyze the epidemiological data on hepatitis A in five of the largest tourist border regions of Bulgaria located in its eastern part: Varna, Shumen, Dobrich, Burgas and Yambol. Materials and methods: We reviewed retrospectively all reported cases of acute hepatitis A in the eastern regions of Bulgaria over a 7-year period between 2008 and 2014. Results: A total of 2879 newly infected patients were registered during the study period, the number varying widely: from 190 cases in 2014 to 923 in 2012. The average incidence of HAV was higher in the south-eastern regions than in the northeastern regions (55.30%000 vs 15.04%000 respectively, p < 0.0001). The most affected age group in all regions was the 5-9-year olds (p < 0.0001) and males were significantly more susceptible to HAV (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Hepatitis A is still a major public health problem in Bulgaria; there is a significant difference in the incidence of the disease between the regions in the south-east and those in the north-east and between the different age groups and sexes.

The Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Iran: A Literature Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1015-1027
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagherniya ◽  
Zahra Khorasanchi ◽  
Mina S. Bidokhti ◽  
Gordon A. Ferns ◽  
Mitra Rezaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Medical Condition ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
High Prevalence

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a common medical condition worldwide. In Iran, it has been reported that between 30-90% of people have vitamin D deficiency. However, its distribution in different parts of the country and among different age and regional groups is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the recent literature on vitamin D deficiency in Iran. Methods: The literature review was performed using Web of Science, PubMed-Medline, Scopus and Scientific Information Database (SID) with a cut-off date of November 2016 to identify articles on vitamin D status in Iran published in the last 10 years. Studies in English and Persian that reported vitamin D levels in male and female subjects of all age groups and in healthy populations were included. Results: From 325 studies that were initially retrieved, 82 articles met the inclusion criteria. A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was reported, and in some regions, this was reported as >90% and was found in all age groups and in all regions of Iran. Conclusion: This review highlights the very high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran. It will be important to recognize the importance of vitamin D deficiency as a major public health problem in Iran.

scholarly journals Healthcare use prior to suicide in the Stockholm County population 2011-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Narusyte ◽  
K Kosidou ◽  
C Dalman
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Stockholm County ◽  
Suicide Death ◽  
Death Registry ◽  
County Population ◽  
Study Population ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Suicide is a major public health problem. A detailed description of healthcare use prior to suicide can serve to improve prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to describe the patterns of primary, specialized outpatient, and inpatient healthcare use from two weeks and up to one year prior to suicide in Stockholm County. Methods The study population included all 15 year or older suicide victims who died in Stockholm County 2011-2016 (n = 1950) identified through National Cause of Death Registry. Data on number of visits and contacts with healthcare among suicide victims were obtained from VAL healthcare use registry in Stockholm County. Healthcare use was depicted from one year to up to two weeks prior to suicide death. Results Preliminary results showed that there were 65% and 57% of women and men, respectively, who had at least one contact with healthcare during the last two weeks before suicide death. Measured one year prior to suicide, there were 93% of women and 85% of men who had at least one contact with healthcare. Among those who had at least one contact with healthcare two weeks prior to suicide, there were 16% of women and 12% of men who were hospitalized, 55% of women and 47% of men who had a contact with specialized outpatient care, and 32% of women and 27% of men who had a contact with primary healthcare. The proportion of those who did not have any contact with healthcare during the six months prior to suicide decreased gradually with increasing age among men (23% at ages of 15-24 years old and 7% at ages of 65 and older). There were on average 7% of women in all age groups who did not have any contact with healthcare during the six months prior to suicide. Conclusions The majority of the suicide victims had a contact with healthcare during the last year prior to suicide death. The findings suggest that suicide prevention efforts may target improved tools for clinically-based risk assessment. Key messages The majority of the suicide victims had at least one contact with healthcare during the last year prior to suicide death. Those who did not have any contact with healthcare during six months prior to suicide were more likely to be young men.

scholarly journals Energy and Nutrient Intakes of Rural Nigerian Schoolchildren: Relationship With Dietary Diversity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-253
Author(s):  
Rufina Ayogu
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Nutrient Intakes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risks Factors ◽  
Female Headed Households ◽  
Haenszel Test

Background: Undernutrition among schoolchildren is a prevalent public health problem which may be due to inadequate energy and nutrient intakes associated with low dietary diversity. Objective: This study assessed dietary diversity scores (DDS), energy and nutrient intakes of schoolchildren (6-15 years), and risks factors of DDS and determined if energy and nutrient intakes were dependent on dietary diversity. Methods: The study involved a 2-stage random sampling of 90 schoolchildren. Dietary diversity and nutrient intake data were obtained through a 3-day weighed food intake. Analysis of variance, t test, and χ2 with Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test were used to determine relationships among and between variables; P < .05 was reported as significant. Results: Few (22.2%) had high DDS with no significant difference ( P > .05) between age groups and sex. Children from male headed households were more likely to have medium DDS (odds ratio [OR] = 3.231; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.037-10.070) than those from female headed households ( P < .05). Low nutrient intakes were observed among 85.6% for niacin, 76.7% for calcium, 72.2% for riboflavin, 54.4% for protein, 32.2% for thiamine, and 15.6% for vitamin C. Among boys, prevalence of inadequate riboflavin intake was significantly ( P < .05) higher among 6- to 9-year-olds. Among girls, prevalence of inadequate vitamin A intake was significantly ( P < .01) higher among 10 to 15-year-olds. Children with adequate intakes of iron (OR = 0.744, 95% CI = 0.653-0.847) and thiamine (OR = 5.651, 95% CI = 1.214-26.310) were more likely to have high DDS. Conclusion: The schoolchildren had low energy and nutrient intakes. Iron and thiamine, intakes were dependent on DDS.

scholarly journals Six Year Trend Analysis of Malaria Prevalence at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, from 2014-2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Mulugeta ◽  
Atsede Assefa ◽  
Atsede Eshetie ◽  
Birhanie Asmare ◽  
Meseret Birhanie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Predominant Species

Abstract Background: Malaria is disease caused by plasmodium species and transmitted by the bite of female anopheles mosquito. Globally, it is still the major public health problem that causes morbidity and mortality especially in tropical and sub-tropical African countries including Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to assess the Six year trend of malaria at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital, northwest Ethiopia, from 2014-2019Method: A retrospective study was conducted by reviewing the laboratory registration logbook at University of Gondar Specialized Referral Hospital by using data extraction tool. The data was analysized by SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the socio-demographic characteristics of study participants and presented by graphs, tables and texts. The binary logistic regression was also used test the association of trend of malaria and different factors like sex, age, year, and season. Result: From a total 17,500 malaria suspected patients, 1341 (7.7%) were confirmed for malaria and (47.2%), (45.6%) and (7.2%) were P.vivax, P. falciparum and mixed infection, respectively. P.vivax was the predominant species in the first three years and P. falciparum became the predominant species in the last three years. The trend prevalence was showed a fluctuated significantly decrement. It decreased by 68%, 60% and 69% in the year of 2017, 2018 and 2019 compare to 2014, respectively. The positivity rate were significantly higher in the males (1.41 times higher) than females. It was also significantly higher in lower age groups compare to the older age groups (> 54 years old). It was 1.60, 1.64, 2.45 and 1.82 times higher in the age group of < 5, 5-14, 15-24 and 25-54 years old, respectively.Conclusion: There has been a significant declining trend of malaria in the study area. However, it is still a major health problem and requires extra efforts for further reduction. Even, autumn was the season when the highest peak of malaria cases in was observed, there was high fluctuation from year to year. Therefore, control activities should be continued and strengthened manner in the study area considering these variability.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors for myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchenna C. Atowa ◽  
Alvin J. Munsamy ◽  
Samuel O. Wajuihian
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: To study the prevalence of myopia among school children in Aba, Nigeria.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in public and private (primary and secondary) schools. A multi-stage random sampling technique was used for selecting participants aged between 8 and 15 years from 12 schools in Aba, Nigeria. Data were analysed for 1197 children who underwent a comprehensive eye examination. The children were divided according to the following criteria: age groups (group 1 [8–11 years] or group 2 [12–15 years]), gender (male or female), level of education (primary or secondary) and type of school (public or private). Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent refraction (SER) ≤ -0.50 D in the poorer eye.Results: The prevalence of myopia was estimated to be 2.7%. Of the 96 children with refractive error, 78.1% were uncorrected. In using logistic regression analysis, risk of developing myopia was associated with older age groups (odds ratio [OR]: 1.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16–9.11; p < 0.010) and higher level of education (OR: 1.73; 95% CI, 1.05–2.86; p < 0.030). There was no significant difference in myopia prevalence between male and female children (p = 0.89).Conclusion: Although the prevalence of myopia and overall prevalence of refractive error in school children in Aba were low, the high prevalence of uncorrected refractive error is a significant public health problem. An effective and sustainable children’s vision screening programme is needed to prevent visual impairment and blindness.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis Problem In Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina Mostafa Abdel Aal ◽  
Noha El-Mashad ◽  
Dalia Magdi
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chest Disease ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Compliance To Treatment

Tuberculosis (TB) is a potentially fatal contagious disease that can affect almost any part of the body but is mainly an infection of the lungs. It has been present in humans since antiquity. In the past, tuberculosis has been called consumption, because it seemed to consume people from within, with a bloody cough, fever, pallor, and long relentless wasting. In Egypt, TB constitutes the second most important public health problem after schistosomiasis. Although Egypt has relatively low levels of TB according to data from the World Health of Organization, 2005:66% of TB cases occur among the socially and economically productive age groups of 15 to 54 years. According to Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP), Egypt; tuberculosis control is carried out through 111 chest centers and 39 chest disease hospitals. Treatment failure accounts for 3%–5%of the treatment outcome of new smear positive cases and 13%–17% of retreated cases and this is due to non-compliance to treatment, defi cient health education to the patient, poor patient knowledge regarding the disease and diabetes mellitus as co-morbid. The incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in Egypt has been declining due to increased efforts of the MOHP. Prevalence dropped from 88/100,000 population in 1990 to 24 in 2008, according to data from WHO. SAARC Journal of Tuberculosis, Lung Diseases & HIV/AIDS; 2013; X(1); 43-49 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/saarctb.v10i1.8677

scholarly journals Etiology of Diarrhea Requiring Hospitalization in Bangladesh by Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction, 2014–2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mami Taniuchi ◽  
Kamrul Islam ◽  
Md Abu Sayeed ◽  
James A Platts-Mills ◽  
Md Taufiqul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Abstract Background Diarrhea remains a major public health problem and characterization of its etiology is needed to prioritize interventions. However, most data are from single-site studies of children. We tested samples from participants of any age from 11 geographically diverse hospitals in Bangladesh to describe pathogen-specific burdens of diarrhea. Methods We utilized 2 existing diarrhea surveillance systems: a Nationwide network at 10 sentinel hospitals and at the icddr,b hospital. We tested stools from enrolled participants and nondiarrheal controls for enteropathogens using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and calculated pathogen-specific attributable fractions (AFs) of diarrhea. Results We analyzed 5516 patients with diarrhea and 735 controls. Overall, rotavirus had the highest attributable burden of diarrhea (Nationwide AF, 17.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14.3–20.9%; icddr,b AF, 39.9%; 38.0–41.8%), followed by adenovirus 40/41 (Nationwide AF, 17.9%; 95% CI: 13.9–21.9%; icddr,b AF, 16.6%; 95% CI, 14.4–19.4%) and Vibrio cholerae (Nationwide AF, 10.2%; 95% CI, 9.1–11.3%; icddr,b AF, 13.3%; 95% CI: 11.9–15.1%). Rotavirus was the leading pathogen in children &lt;5 years and was consistent across the sites (coefficient of variation = 56.3%). Adenovirus 40/41 was the second leading pathogen in both children and adults. Vibrio cholerae was the leading pathogen in individuals &gt;5 years old, but was more geographically variable (coefficient of variation = 71.5%). Other attributable pathogens included astrovirus, norovirus, Shigella, Salmonella, ETEC, sapovirus, and typical EPEC. Conclusions Rotavirus, adenovirus 40/41, and V. cholerae were the leading etiologies of infectious diarrhea requiring hospitalization in Bangladesh. Other pathogens were important in certain age groups or sites.

scholarly journals Analysis of measles-related hospitalizations in Tuscany from 2000 to 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (12) ◽  
pp. 2605-2612 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. BERTI ◽  
S. SOLLAI ◽  
E. ORLANDINI ◽  
L. GALLI ◽  
M. DE MARTINO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Measles Elimination ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Measles Outbreaks ◽  
Measles Incidence ◽  
Discharge Database

SUMMARYTo evaluate measles incidence and its relevant changes over a 14-year period (2000–2014), we analysed data from the regional hospital discharge database on children and adults hospitalized in Tuscany, Italy. A total of 181 paediatric and 413 adult cases were identified. Despite all the efforts towards regional measles elimination, we observed that the overall measles hospitalization rates for children and adults living in Tuscany globally increased from 0·45 to 0·85/100 000 during the study period (P = 0·001) showing fluctuations due to periodic measles outbreaks. Data stratified by age group showed that the hospitalization rate significantly increased in young adults over the study period, confirming an increase in susceptibility to measles in this subpopulation. Conversely, no statistically significant difference was observed in the hospitalization rate in the other age groups. However, children aged <1 year still exhibit the highest hospitalization rate. Pneumonia represented the most common complication in both the adult and children subsets. No death was reported. Measles still represents a public health problem, and national strategies should be implemented, focusing on emergent susceptible subsets, such as infants and young adults.

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