scholarly journals MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION AT YOUNG ADULTS – RISK FACTORS AND MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
Irinka Hristova ◽  
Despina Georgieva ◽  
Krasimir Trifonov ◽  
Ivo Belkolev ◽  
Vladimir Danov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Thrombotic Occlusion ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Myocardial Infraction ◽  
Rare Occasion ◽  
Contemporary Management ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Generally, the myocardial infarction is far more common among the population which is over 45 years. However, on rare occasion it can be seen amongst the younger population such as the above discussed case. Objective: The report from the case of this overview shows an acute myocardial infarction in a young 28-year-old man, due to thrombotic occlusion that has nothing to do with coagulation problems.   Methods: The Coronary Angiography is of paramount importance when it comes to reaching a correct diagnosis, and by extension, treatments for such cases. Moreover, the detailed clinical case history further aided in determining the key risk factors. Results: When it ensues in younger age, the myocardial infarction is associated with significant morbidity, psychological effects and financial limits to the individual and his or her family. Conclusions: In the examined case we described the contemporary management of a myocardial infraction event, wherein the patient was advised to stop smoking, form a consistent regular exercising physical activity regime, put more conscious effort into having a healthy diet, and reduce stress levels as much as possible.

scholarly journals Influence of Secondary Prevention and Risk Factors to Recurrent Miocard Infark on Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in General Hospital Surakarta Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Hidayah Karuniawati Karuniawati ◽  
Vionella Moutika Putri ◽  
Tuqa Haitham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Secondary Prevention ◽  
Statin Therapy ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Recurrent Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Myocardial Infraction ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p class="0abstract">The patient who had myocardial infraction has a risk of recurrent myocardial infraction. Secondary prevention including antiplatelet, beta-blocker, statin, ACE inhibitor/ARB aims to prevent recurrent myocardial infarction. This study aimed to find the influence of secondary prevention and risk factors on the occurrence of recurrent myocardial infraction. This research was conducted with quantitative and case-control retrospectively. The subjects were 80 respondents consisting of 40 respondents in the case group and 40 respondents in control group patients. Data were analyzed using bivariate analysis of chi-square test followed by multivariate analysis of logistic regression. Rate of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) with antiplatelet therapy decreased from 64.3% to 34.2%, with beta-blocker therapy decreased from 57.7% to 35.7%, with statin therapy decreased from 65.9% to 30.5%, with ACE inhibitor/ARB therapy decreased from 65.9% to 30.5%, with a combination of fourth therapy reduced from 57.4% to 34.6%. Chi-square test showed that there was a statistically significant relationship between antiplatelet therapy (p = 0.007), statin therapy (p = 0.002), ACE inhibitor / ARB therapy (p = 0.002), family history (p = 0.011) and adherence (p = 0.007) to recurrent MI. While multivariate analysis of logistic regression showed that the variables influencing the incidence of recurrent myocardial infarction were did not use antiplatelet therapy (P = 0,005; OR= 4.006) and statin therapy (P = 0,029; OR= 3.111). The secondary prevention reduced the incident of recurrent myocardial infarction.</p>

scholarly journals CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Singhal ◽  
Harsha Kumar Gowardhan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Chest Pain ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Myocardial Infraction

Background: The cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have become the leading cause of mortality worldwide. There is an increasing burden on health care systems associated with MIs in the elderly, differences in clinical picture, and difficulties in dealing with elderly patients with myocardial infraction (MI). Aim: The aim of study is to evaluate the different clinical presentations, risk factors and complications of elderly patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross sectional study done over a period of 1 year. A total of 100 elderly patients who were diagnosed as AMI were included in the study. We studied Demographic features, cardiovascular risk factors, varied clinical presentations Electrocardiogram (ECG) findings from the history proformas and documented. Results: A total of 100 patients diagnosed with MI were studied. Mean age of the study population was 69.41 years and were predominantly male (84%). The most common presenting symptom was chest pain (79%) followed by sweating (7%), followed by shortness of breath (5%), giddiness (4%) vomiting (3%) and palpitations (2%). hypertension was commonly seen in elderly (56%) followed by diabetes (39%), smoking (28%), dyslipidaemias (12%), history of CAD (9%) and obesity (6%).  Mortality rate was 26% and maximum (11%) patients belonged to age group >80 years. Conclusion: We conclude that chest pain is the most common presentation in elderly AMI patients, but other atypical symptoms such as shortness of breath, giddiness, vomiting, without chest pain can also be the common presenting signs. Early and prompt management as appropriate should be provided to avoid morbidity and mortality in elderly. Keywords: Clinical Profile, Mortality, Myocardial Infarction, Risk Factors.

scholarly journals Cannabis-induced recurrent myocardial infarction in a 21-year-old man: a case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Lawin ◽  
Thorsten Lawrenz ◽  
Andi Tego ◽  
Christoph Stellbrink
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Thrombotic Occlusion ◽  
Diagonal Branch ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Cannabis Consumption

Abstract Background Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is rarely caused by coronary artery disease in young patients unless cardiovascular risk factors are present. Although non-atherosclerotic causes of ACS are rare, they need to be considered in young patients. Case summary We report on a 21-year-old patient referred to our institution with ACS. Electrocardiogram showed ST-segment elevation and coronary angiography revealed thrombotic occlusion of the left anterior descending artery. Reperfusion was achieved by thrombus aspiration, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (GPI), and drug-eluting stent (DES). The patient had no cardiovascular risk factors but reported cannabis consumption before symptom onset. Although he was put on dual antiplatelet therapy and strictly advised to avoid consumption, he continued to abuse cannabis and suffered three further ACS events within 18 months: the first 8 months later caused by thrombotic occlusion of a diagonal branch treated by GPI and DES, the second after 17 months due to thrombotic re-occlusion of the diagonal branch, and the third after 18 months by thrombotic occlusion of the circumflex artery, both events treated by GPI alone (all while still using cannabis). Since then, he stopped cannabis consumption and has been symptom-free for 8 months. Discussion This case highlights that cannabis-induced ACS must be considered as a cause of myocardial infarction in young adults. In contrast to ACS in the elderly population, this unusual ACS cause requires specific treatment. The risk of ACS relapse may substantial if cannabis abuse is continued. This potential hazard needs to be taken into consideration when legalization of cannabis is discussed.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases and Screening of Possible Cardiovascular Diseases among Adults in Devchuli Municipality of Nawalpur District, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Samikshya Parajuli ◽  
Tulsi Ram Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Myocardial Infraction

Introduction: The major Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases. Among the cardiovascular diseases, myocardial infarction and angina have high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study assessed the prevalence of risk factors of NCD among adults, screened possible CVDs (myocardial infraction and angina) among adults and related presence of risk factors with possible CVDs (myocardial infarction and angina) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among an adult population of 30 to 50 years in Devchuli Municipality of Nawalpur district, Nepal from June to December 2018. We used WHO STEPS survey questionnaire to assess risk factors and Rose Angina Questionnaire given by WHO to find out the possible myocardial infarction and angina as study tools. We used complete filled 372 questionnaires to analyze and draw the results. Proportionate random sampling was performed to obtain the sample from each ward. Results: The prevalence of the use of any type of tobacco products was 20.7% and consumption of alcoholic products was 19.62%. Prevalence of physically inactive was found at 44.9%. Out of the total participants 25%, 15.3%, and 3.5% reported hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases respectively. Prevalence of possible rose angina and the myocardial infarction was found to be 8.06% and 2.7% respectively. Smoking (χ2=9.685, df=1, p=0.02) and alcohol consumption (χ2=4.331, df=1, p=0.037) were found significantly associated with Rose Angina. Conclusions: The prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases was high. Possible angina and the myocardial infarction were also found out in the adult population. Individual and community-based behavior change intervention program would be the way out to overcome the problem.

The risk factors for depression in first myocardial infarction patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1083-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. DICKENS ◽  
C. PERCIVAL ◽  
L. McGOWAN ◽  
J. DOUGLAS ◽  
B. TOMENSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Before And After ◽  
First Myocardial Infarction

Background. Depression affects outcome following myocardial infarction but the risk factors for such depression have been little studied. This study considered whether the causes of depression occurring before and after myocardial infarction were similar to those of depression in the general population.Method. Consecutive patients admitted to hospital following their first myocardial infarction were interviewed with the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry to detect psychiatric disorders and the Life Events and Difficulties Schedule to assess recent stress. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) at entry to the study and 1 year later and the risk factors associated with a high score at both times were assessed.Results. Of 314 (88% of eligible) patients who were recruited, 199 (63%) were male and 63 (20%) had depressive disorders. Logistic regression identified the following as independently associated with depressive disorder that had been present for at least 1 month before the myocardial infarction: younger age, female sex, past psychiatric history, social isolation, having marked non-health difficulties and lack of a close confidant. At follow-up 269/298 (90%) responded; of 189 participants not depressed at first assessment, 39 (21%) became depressed by the 1 year follow-up. Logistic regression identified frequent angina as the only significant predictor of raised HADS scores at 12 months.Conclusions. Depression developing during the year following myocardial infarction does not have the same risk factors as that which precedes myocardial infarction. Further clarification of the mechanisms linking depression to poor outcome may require separation consideration of pre- and post-myocardial infarction depression, and its risk factors.

scholarly journals Differences in the Incidence of Major Risk Factors in Patients with Ischemic or Hemorrhagic Stroke in the Siberian Population

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-514
Author(s):  
S. Yu. Nikulina ◽  
A. A. Chernova ◽  
D. A. Nikulin ◽  
V. A. Shulman ◽  
S. V. Prokopenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Primary And Secondary Prevention ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Individual

Background. The study of the incidence of risk factors (RF) of stroke for primary and secondary prevention of this disease remains relevant. There are modifiable and non-modifiable RF.Aim. To study the frequency of the main RF in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in the urban population of Krasnoyarsk (Eastern Siberia).Material and methods. Examination of 124 patients with an ischemic stroke and 28 with hemorrhagic was performed. Patients received treatment in neurologic center of Krasnoyarsk in 2014 year. The main criterion of inclusion was the confirmed diagnosis of an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. All patient had the clinic-tool and neurovisualizing examination and collecting the individual and family anamnesis with examination of modifiable and non-modifiable RF. The research of the neurologic status at patients both with ischemic, and with a hemorrhagic stroke was conducted by the standard technique. Based on results of computer or magnetic resonance imaging of a brain the diagnosis of an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke was established.Results. A distinctive feature of patients with hemorrhagic stroke was the occurrence of a vascular accident in younger age (6 years earlier) in comparison with ischemic stroke. Among patients with ischemic stroke elevated body mass index (BMI) was in 87 (70.2%) patients, burdened heredity was in 8.1% of cases, and 43.5% of patients were smokers. Among patients with hemorrhagic stroke 16 (57.1%) patients had elevated BMI. People with burdened heredity were not identified among them. Smoking was found in 22 (78.6%) patients in this group.Conclusion. Improvement of treatment and prevention of an ischemic stroke are in many respects connected with clarification of RF and pathogenic mechanisms of its development. The rational pharmacotherapy directed to pointed impact on individual RF can reduce the risk of development of stroke not only at individual, but also at the population level.

scholarly journals Risk factors in young patients with myocardial infarction: what is different from the general population?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Wienbergen ◽  
K Guenther ◽  
D Boakye ◽  
J Schmucker ◽  
S Mkalaluh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Family History ◽  
General Population ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Introduction Patients that suffer from myocardial infarction (MI) at a younger age are of special medical and socioeconomic interest. Data on risk factors for MI in this patient group are however scarce. Methods In this case–control study, clinical characteristics of consecutive patients admitted to hospital with MI at age of ≤45 years were compared to a randomly selected cohort from the general population in the same geographic region in Germany. After 3:1 matching on age and gender and multivariable analyses, independent risk factors for the occurrence of MI at a younger age were analyzed. Results 522 patients with MI ≤45 years were compared to 1191 matched controls from the general population. The proportion of active smokers was more than 3-fold higher in younger MI-patients compared to the general population (82.4% vs. 24.1%, p&lt;0.01), while the proportion of persons consuming alcohol at least 2 times a week was higher in the general population (19.9% vs. 36.6%, p&lt;0.01). Younger patients with MI were more often obese (median body mass index 28.4 vs. 25.5 kg/m2, p&lt;0.01), had a higher proportion of hypertension (25.1% vs. 0.5%, p&lt;0.01) or diabetes mellitus (11.7% vs. 1.7%, p&lt;0.01) and had more often a family history of the father (22.4% vs. 7.1%, p&lt;0.01) or the mother (7.5% vs. 1.3%, p&lt;0.01) for premature coronary artery disease. In multivariable analysis, hypertension or diabetes, active smoking, family history and body mass index ≥30 kg/m2 were strong predictors for the occurrence of MI at a younger age, while alcohol consumption was a protective factor (Figure). Conclusions This case-control study demonstrates a very strong association of active smoking, metabolic syndrome and family history with the occurrence of MI at a younger age. The contrary is found regarding alcohol consumption. These data suggest that the risk of young-onset MI goes beyond family history and underline the importance of primary prevention efforts to reduce smoking and metabolic syndrome in children, adolescents and young adults in order to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Foundation. Main funding source(s): Bremen Heart FoundationLeibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology

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