scholarly journals Violência obstétrica: uma revisão integrativa [Obstetric violence: integrative review] [Violencia obstétrica: una revisión integradora]

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. e45746
Author(s):  
Ana Clara Alves Tomé de Souza ◽  
Pedro Henrique Campolina Silva Lucas ◽  
Tahbatha Costa Lana ◽  
Sheila Rubia Lindner ◽  
Torcata Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Female Body ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Obstetric Violence ◽  
Scenario Method ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Cuerpo Femenino

Objetivo: revisar pesquisas brasileiras, identificando os tipos de violência obstétrica, possíveis causas observadas e o papel do enfermeiro nesse cenário. Método: revisão integrativa realizada em 2018, com artigos brasileiros selecionados na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Resultados: revisados 16 artigos publicados entre 2004 e 2018. A violência obstétrica pode ser associada a: ofensa verbal e psicológica, expropriação do corpo feminino, privação de acompanhante, falta de informações, privação dos movimentos, banalização da dor e falta de privacidade. Possíveis causas: despreparo institucional e profissional, autoritarismo/hierarquização profissional, medicalização da assistência, nível socioeconômico e escolaridade das mulheres, e negação ou não reconhecimento da violência obstétrica. Conclusão: a enfermeira obstétrica pode contribuir para a redução dessa violência. São necessários mais investimentos na formação dessas profissionais e proporcionar assistência de qualidade no pré-natal e parto.ABSTRACTObjective: review Brazilian researches, identifying the types of obstetric violence, possible causes observed and the role of nurses in this scenario. Method: integrative review realized in 2018, with Brazilian articles selected from the Virtual Health Library. Results: obstetric violence can be associated with: verbal and psychological offense, expropriation of the female body, deprivation of companion, lack of information, deprivation of movement, trivialization of pain, and lack of privacy. Possible causes: institutional and professional unpreparedness, authoritarianism/professional hierarchy, medicalization of care, women’s socioeconomic status and education, and denial or non-recognition of obstetric violence. Conclusion: the obstetric nurse can contribute to the reduction of this violence. More investments are needed in the formation of these professionals and provide quality assistance in prenatal and delivery obstetric.RESUMENObjetivo: revisar las investigaciones brasileñas, identificando los tipos de violencia obstétrica, las posibles causas observadas y el papel del enfermero en este escenario. Método: revisión integradora realizada en 2018, con artículos brasileños seleccionados de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud. Resultados: la violencia obstétrica puede estar asociada con: ofensa verbal y psicológica, expropiación del cuerpo femenino, privación de compañero, falta de información, privación de movimiento, trivialización del dolor y falta de privacidad. Posibles causas: falta de preparación institucional y profesional, autoritarismo / jerarquía profesional, medicalización de la asistencia, nivel socioeconómico y escolaridad de las mujeres y negación o no reconocimiento de la violencia obstétrica. Conclusión: la enfermera obstétrica puede contribuir para la reducción de esta violencia. Se necesitan mas inversiones  en la formación de estas profesionales y proporcionar una asistencia de calidad en prenatal y parto.

scholarly journals GUATEMALA’S INDIGENOUS MATERNAL HEALTH CARE: A SYSTEM IN NEED OF DECOLONIZATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Alicia Giralt
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Maternal Health ◽  
Central America ◽  
Paradigm Shift ◽  
Maternal Health Care ◽  
Traditional Birth Attendants ◽  
Birth Attendants ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Cuerpo Femenino

Las tasas de mortalidad materna guatemalteca son las más altas de Centroamérica. Dichas tasas varían drásticamente entre grupos étnicos, con las más altas presentes entre mujeres rurales mayas. Mientras Guatemala se esfuerza para reducir estas cifras, la controversia se centra en comadronas tradicionales. Esta investigación estudia el papel de dichas comadronas dentro de un marco postcolonialista y descolonialista. Los resultados muestran un país bajo el legado de la colonización, manifestado en el cuerpo femenino colonizado. Un cambio de paradigma es crucial en relación con las comadronas y sus pacientes. La salud reproductiva de las mujeres indígenas no mejorará hasta que esto suceda y la atención médica sea descolonizada.Palabras clave: maya, mujer, indígena, salud maternal, mortalidad, colonialism, postcolonialismo, descolonialismo, partera, comadrona.  Guatemala’s Indigenous Maternal Health Care: A System in Need of DecolonizationAbstract: Guatemala’s Maternal Mortality Ratios are the highest in Central America. These ratios vary drastically among ethnic groups, the highest occurring among rural Mayan women. As Guatemala struggles to reduce its MMRs, the controversy centers on Mayan Traditional Birth Attendants. This research investigates the role of Mayan traditional midwives within the framework of Postcolonialism. The results show a country under the legacy of colonization, manifested in the female colonized body. A paradigm shift is crucial in relation to both traditional birth  attendants and their patients. Indigenous women’s reproductive health will not improve until health care, a legacy of Colonialism, is decolonized.Key words: Maya, woman, indigenous, maternal health, mortality, Colonialism, Postcolonialism, Decolonialism, midwives.

scholarly journals Estudio de las desigualdades y la violencia contra las mujeres marroquíes. Una aproximación desde el modelo metodológico de mapas corporales

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Carla Orozco Orozco ◽  
Encarnación Soriano Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Know How ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
Las Mujeres ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Moroccan Women ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cuerpo Femenino

La violencia de género es entendida como una estructura que vulnera a las mujeres y que es construida desde la cultura del patriarcado, con el afán de obtener control y poder político por medio de la dominación de la mujer. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en conocer cómo las desigualdades y las vivencias de violencia de género se han introyectado sobre el cuerpo en las mujeres marroquíes que viven en España. El presente estudio se realizó desde la metodología de mapas corporales. Esta metodología ha recogido experiencias biográficas del cuerpo de las mujeres. El principal resultado y conclusión que se ha obtenido de la lectura corporal ha sido que la violencia de género genera una cosificación y control del cuerpo femenino, que lucha constantemente por no someterse a la estructura machista que las violenta.  The gender-based violence is known as a structure that infringes women, and it is built from the patriarchal culture, with the aim of obtaining control and political power by dominating women. The research objective was to know how the gender-based violence experiences have introjected the Moroccan women who live in Almeria, Spain. The present study was conducted from the methodological model of body maps. This methodology has collected biographic experiences from women’s body. The main conclusion that has been obtained from the body reading is that gender-based violence generates an objectification and control over the female body, which constantly struggles to avoid submission over the macho structure that violates them.

The Role of Threat and Economic Uncertainty in Support for Scottish Independence

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kopasker
Keyword(s):  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Perceived Threat ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Economic Expectations ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Levels Of Support

Existing research has consistently shown that perceptions of the potential economic consequences of Scottish independence are vital to levels of support for constitutional change. This paper attempts to investigate the mechanism by which expectations of the economic consequences of independence are formed. A hypothesised causal micro-level mechanism is tested that relates constitutional preferences to the existing skill investments of the individual. Evidence is presented that larger skill investments are associated with a greater likelihood of perceiving economic threats from independence. Additionally, greater perceived threat results in lower support for independence. The impact of uncertainty on both positive and negative economic expectations is also examined. While uncertainty has little effect on negative expectations, it significantly reduces the likelihood of those with positive expectations supporting independence. Overall, it appears that a general economy-wide threat is most significant, and it is conjectured that this stems a lack of information on macroeconomic governance credentials.

Intolerance of Uncertainty, Anxiety, and Career Indecision: A Mediation Model

2021 ◽  
pp. 106907272110025
Author(s):  
Consuelo Arbona ◽  
Weihua Fan ◽  
Ayoung Phang ◽  
Norma Olvera ◽  
Marcel Dios
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Intolerance Of Uncertainty ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Career Indecision ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Path Analyses

Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) refers to the tendency to fear the unknown and to worry excessively about potential future negative outcomes. In the career decision-making process, college students experience uncertainty regarding the future of occupational opportunities and the evolution of their interests and capabilities. Anxiety is a well-established predictor of career indecision. Therefore, this study examined the role of anxiety as a mediator in the relation of IU and rumination to three dimensions of career decision making difficulties among college students ( N = 678). Results of path analyses indicated that as hypothesized, after controlling for age, intolerance of uncertainty was directly and indirectly (though anxiety) related to the three dimensions of career decision making difficulties: lack of readiness, lack of information, and inconsistent information. Results suggested that career choice interventions may be enhanced with a targeted emphasis on coping with the uncertainty involved in career decision making among college students.

scholarly journals Obstetric Violence in Spain (Part III): Healthcare Professionals, Times and Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3359
Author(s):  
Desirée Mena-Tudela ◽  
Susana Iglesias-Casás ◽  
Víctor Manuel González-Chordá ◽  
María Jesús Valero-Chillerón ◽  
Laura Andreu-Pejó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Obstetric Violence

Background: Obstetric violence is a worldwide public health problem, which seems greater in Spain. As no studies were found that identify the most representative healthcare professionals, times, and areas involved in obstetric violence, the objective of this work was to study at what time of maternity, with which professionals, and in what areas women identified obstetric violence. Methods: This descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was performed from January 2018 to June 2019. The main variables were the area (hospital, primary care, both), the time (pregnancy, birth, puerperium), and the professionals attending to women. Results: Our sample comprised 17,541 participants. The area identified with the most obstetric violence for the different studied variables was hospitals. Women identified more obstetric violence at time of birth. Findings such as lack of information and informed consent (74.2%), and criticism of infantile behavior and treatment (87.6%), stood out. The main identified healthcare professionals were midwives and gynecologists, and “other” professionals repeatedly appeared. Conclusions: Having identified the professionals, times, and areas of most obstetric violence in Spain, it seems necessary to reflect on not only the Spanish National Health System’s structure and management but also on healthcare professionals’ training.

scholarly journals The Role of Parent Educational Attainment in Parenting and Children’s Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Pamela E. Davis-Kean ◽  
Lauren A. Tighe ◽  
Nicholas E. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Academic Success ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Powerful Predictor

Socioeconomic status (SES)—indexed via parent educational attainment, parent occupation, and family income—is a powerful predictor of children’s developmental outcomes. Variations in these resources predict large academic disparities among children from different socioeconomic backgrounds that persist over the years of schooling, perpetuating educational inequalities across generations. In this article, we provide an overview of a model that has guided our approach to studying these influences, focusing particularly on parent educational attainment. Parents’ educational attainment typically drives their occupations and income and is often used interchangeably with SES in research. We posit that parent educational attainment provides a foundation that supports children’s academic success indirectly through parents’ beliefs about and expectations for their children, as well as through the cognitive stimulation that parents provide in and outside of the home environment. We then expand this model to consider the intergenerational contributions and dynamic transactions within families that are important considerations for informing potential avenues for intervention.

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