Yogic breathing in hypobaric environment: breathing exercising and its effect on hypobaric hypoxemia and heart rate at 3,650-m elevation

High altitude sojourn is a risk factor for hypobaric hypoxemia and subsequent altitude sickness. The aim of this study was to analyze the ef-fect of new type of yogic breathing?Maheshwarananda’s new Modified Bhujangini Pranayama performed by active yoga practitioners?on the arterial haemoglobin saturation of oxygen (measured by the pulse oximetry - SpO2) and the heart rate compared to normal spontaneous resting breathing. A pilot prospective study was conducted in the Himalayas at an altitude of 3,650 m. We monitored SpO2 and pulse rate in 34 experienced yoga practitioners. Within the 3 measurement days at the altitude of 3,650 m, the mean value of SpO2 increased from 89.11± 4.78 to 93.26±4.44 (P<0.001) after the yogic breathing exercise. No significant changes were observed in pulse rate (P<0.230) measured before and after yogic breathing. The new Yogic breathing?Maheshwarananda’s Modified Bhujangini Pranayama?is increasing the arterial haemoglobin saturation compared to normal resting spontaneous breathing. The heart rate was not affected by this type of yogic breathing.

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Perbedaan Pengetahuan Siswa Tentang Penyakit Hepatitis A Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penyuluhan Di MTsN 02 Bondowoso Tahun 2015

Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.32831/jik.v4i2.85 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Putri Megasari

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis Virus ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Mean Value ◽

Test Design ◽

The World ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Test ◽

The Mean ◽

Paired T Test

Hepatitis has become a health problem in the world. The hepatitis virus infected many people. According to the teacher of MTsN 02 Bondowoso more than 20 students have hepatitis A viral infection. The purpose of this research was to know the differences of students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study used pre-experimental (pre-post test design). This study used stratified random sampling technique, 127 students from 270 sample involved this research,and 143 students was excluded. We used questionnaires to collect data. The results showed that the mean value of the students 'knowledge about hepatitis A before counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 83.96 with the lowest value of 37.5 and the highest value was 100. The mean value of the students' knowledge about hepatitis A after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015 was 93.21 with the lowest value waf 62.5 and the highest value was 100. Paired t test showed that t (-9.07) > t table (1.98), the null hypothesis (H0) was rejected. There was a difference between students' knowledge about hepatitis A before and after counseling in MTsN 02 Bondowoso 2015. This study showed that routine counseling by healthcare provider was important to prevent hepatitis A infection.; Keywords: counseling, knowledge of students, hepatitis

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Quality of life of obstetrics fistula patients before and after surgical repair in the Jimma University Medical Center, Southwest Ethiopia

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01360-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tilahun Fufa Debela ◽

Zerihun Asefa Hordofa ◽

Aster Berhe Aregawi ◽

Demisew Amenu Sori

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Surgical Repair ◽

Obstetric Fistula ◽

Medical Center ◽

Mean Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Jimma University

Abstract Background The consequences of obstetric fistula on affected women are more than the medical condition. It has extensive physical, psychological, social, and economic consequences on them. Obstetric fistula affects the entire health and entire life of women. Women suffering from obstetric fistula are often abandoned by her partner, relatives, and the community. This study aimed to determine the quality of life of obstetrics fistula patients before and after surgical repair. Methods Institutional-based prospective, before and after study design was conducted in the Jimma University Medical Center from November 1, 2019–October 30, 2020. A face-to-face interview was conducted with fistula patients who visited Jimma University Medical center, fistula clinic during the study period. All fistula patients were included in the study. Accordingly, 78 women who underwent surgical repair were interviewed. The means and the standard deviation were computed using conventional statistics formulas. The unpaired t-test was used to compare two independent means, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the quality of life before repair and after a successful repair. Linear regression analysis was done for identifying determinants of quality of life. A P value of 0.05 will be considered statistical significance. Result The overall quality of life of women was 58.17 ± 7.2 before the surgical repair and 71.20 ± 10.79 after surgical repair. The result indicates there is a significant difference in the mean value of pre and post-operative (P < 0.001). The overall satisfaction of women with their health status before the surgical repair was 22.5 ± 1.30and it has increased to 53.0 ± .90after surgical repair. The physical health dimension score was 16.51 ± 5.27 before the surgical repair while it has increased to 21.77 ± 5.38 after the surgical repair. The score of the social domain before the surgical repair was 5.19 ± 1.34 and it has increased to 7.13 ± 3.67 after the surgical repair. The score of the environmental health domain was 17.41 ± 2.89 before the surgery while it also increased to 21.65 ± 4.04 after the surgical repair. The results have shown there was a significant difference in the mean values of pre and post-operatives in both social and environmental scores (P < 0.001). The score of the psychological health domain before the surgery was 19.06 ± 1.46 and it was increased to 19.84 ± 3.21 after the surgical repair. The result showed there is a significant difference in mean value pre and post-operative (P = 0.048), though it is a slight improvement compared to other domains. Conclusion The overall quality of life of the patient with fistula was improved after successful surgical repair. Although all domains of quality of life had shown significant improvement after successful surgical repair, the psychological domain showed slight improvement.

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Effect of season on thermoregulatory responses and energy expenditure of goats on semi-arid range in India

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859602002228 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 139 (1) ◽

pp. 87-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

A. K. SHINDE ◽

RAGHAVENDRA BHATTA ◽

S. K. SANKHYAN ◽

D. L. VERMA

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Solar Radiation ◽

Energy Expenditure ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Face Mask ◽

Mean Value ◽

The Mean ◽

Semi Arid

A study of the physiological responses and energy expenditure of goats was carried out from June 1999 to May 2000 by conducting two experiments: one on bucks maintained on stall feeding in autumn 1999 (Expt 1) followed by year-round grazing on native ranges over three seasons: monsoon, winter and summer (Expt 2). Physiological responses and energy expenditure (EE) measurements of housed and grazing goats were recorded at 06.00 h and 14.00 h for 5 consecutive days in each season. Goats were fixed with a face mask and meteorological balloon for collection of expired air and measurement of EE. Respiration rate (RR) at 06.00 h was similar in all seasons (14 respiration/min) except in the monsoon, where a significantly (P<0.05) higher value (26 respiration/min) was recorded. At 14.00 h, RR was higher in monsoon and summer (81 and 91 respiration/min) than in winter (52 respiration/min). Irrespective of the season, heart rate (HR) was higher at 14.00 h (86 beat/min) than at 06.00 h (64 beat/min). The rise of rectal temperature (RT) from morning (06.00 h) to peak daily temperature (14.00 h) was 0.9 °C in housed goats in autumn and 1.0, 2.1 and 2.0 °C in grazing goats during monsoon, winter and summer, respectively. The mean value was 1.7 °C. Skin temperature (ST) was lowest in winter (30.1 °C) and highest at 14.00 h in summer (40.3 °C). Energy expenditure of goats at 06.00 h was 32.7 W in winter and significantly (P<0.05) increased to 52.0 W in summer and 107.8 W in monsoon. At 14.00 h, EE was 140.2 W in winter and increased to 389.0 W and 391.3 W respectively in monsoon and summer. It is concluded that monsoon and summer are both stressful seasons in semi-arid regions. Animals should be protected from direct solar radiation during the hottest hours of the day to ameliorate the effect of heat stress.

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Effect of Tea Tree Oil on Improvement of Hair Damage

Asian Journal of Beauty and Cosmetology ◽

10.20402/ajbc.2021.0179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 333-342

Author(s):

Ju-Sub Kim

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Color Difference ◽

Mean Value ◽

Tea Tree Oil ◽

Tea Tree ◽

Natural Extracts ◽

Hair Samples ◽

Before And After ◽

L Value ◽

The Mean

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the effects of tea tree oil on damaged hair.Methods: A texture-improving agent was produced by adding different dosages of tea tree oil (i.e., 0, 2, 4, and 6 g) on sample hair. Comparative analysis was conducted by measuring the effects of the agent before and after application to sample hair bleached into level 8. To examine changes in hair brightness, L* value was measured using a color difference meter. In addition, to determine the effects of the agent on damaged hair, the study measured tensile strength, absorbance using methylene blue, and hair gloss.Results: The mean L* value for each sample increased for healthy hair but decreased in the 8L samples. Analysis indicates that the healthy hair, 8L(4) sample, and 8L(6) samples pointed to significant results. The mean value for tensile strength increased for all healthy and 8L hair samples after application. Specifically, the 8L(4) and 8L(6) samples displayed significant results. In terms of absorbance, the mean value decreased for all healthy and 8L hair samples after application. Moreover, hair gloss values increased for samples applied with the agent containing tea tree oil. Specifically, the 8L(2), 8L(4), and 8L(6) samples exhibited increased values after application.Conclusions: The results confirm the effects of tea tree oil on damaged hair in terms of improvements in terms of tensile strength, absorbance, and gloss. The study recommends that further research on the effects of various oils and natural extracts on damaged hair is necessary in terms of improving other hair characteristics and using more samples.

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Anticoagulation in Cardiopulmonary Bypass

10.1055/s-0039-1680714 ◽

1977 ◽

Author(s):

C. Thomas Kisker ◽

John A. Young ◽

Donald B. Doty ◽

Barbara J. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽

Antithrombin Iii ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Mean Value ◽

Clotting Time ◽

Excessive Bleeding ◽

Safe Level ◽

Activated Clotting Time ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

Prolonging the activated clotting time (ACT) 2 to 3 times normal is said to provide a “safe” level of anticoagulation during cardiopulmonary bypass. To test this level of anticoagulation 9 monkeys were anticoagulated with heparin at the start of cardiopulmonary bypass so that ACT’s ranged from 201 sec to > 1000 sec (normal 91 sec). ACT, platelet count (P), fibrinogen (F), and fibrin monomer (FM) were measured at 10, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes during bypass. Antithrombin III (AT3) was measured before and after bypass. Six monkeys developed increased FM indicating active coagulation beginning from 10 to 60 minutes on bypass. ACT’s were > 200 sec in all animals at the time of FM detection. P fell below 100,000/mm3 in the 6 animals with elevated FM, but remained above 100,000/mm3 in the other 3 animals. The mean value of AT3 (69%) decreased to 24.4% after bypass in the 6 animals with elevated FM, but was 61% after bypass in the others. Scanning electron microscopy of the oxygenator membranes showed significant amounts of fibrin on the membranes used in monkeys who developed increased FM levels, but not on those with normal FM concentrations. F decreased from 167 mgm/dl to 80.5 mgm/dl in monkeys with elevated FM and to 117 mgm/dl in those with normal FM concentrations. Excessive bleeding did not occur in the animals without increased FM although ACT’s were in excess of 1000 sec. Subsequently three human subjects on cardiopulmonary bypass whose ACT’s were maintained above 400 sec have not shown increased FM levels. The results suggest that prolonging the ACT more than 2 - 3 times normal is required to prevent activation of clotting during cardiopulmonary bypass.

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Validation of the Hexoskin wearable vest during lying, sitting, standing, and walking activities

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2015-0140 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 1019-1024 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Rodrigo Villar ◽

Thomas Beltrame ◽

Richard L. Hughson

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Minute Ventilation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Relative Magnitude ◽

Mean Value ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Mean Values ◽

Exercise Condition ◽

The Mean

We tested the validity of the Hexoskin wearable vest to monitor heart rate (HR), breathing rate (BR), tidal volume (VT), minute ventilation, and hip motion intensity (HMI) in comparison with laboratory standard devices during lying, sitting, standing, and walking. Twenty healthy young volunteers participated in this study. First, participants walked 6 min on a treadmill at speeds of 1, 3, and 4.5 km/h followed by increasing treadmill grades until 80% of their predicted maximal heart rate. Second, lying, sitting, and standing tasks were performed (5 min each) followed by 6 min of treadmill walking at 80% of their ventilatory threshold. Analysis of each individual’s mean values under each resting or exercise condition by the 2 measurement systems revealed low coefficient of variation and high intraclass correlation values for HR, BR, and HMI. The Bland–Altman results from HR, BR, and HMI indicated no deviation of the mean value from zero and relatively small variability about the mean. VT and minute ventilation were provided in arbitrary units by the Hexoskin device; however, relative magnitude of change from Hexoskin closely tracked the laboratory standard method. Hexoskin presented low variability, good agreement, and consistency. The Hexoskin wearable vest was a valid and consistent tool to monitor activities typical of daily living such as different body positions (lying, sitting, and standing) and various walking speeds.

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Semen characteristics of breeding bulls at the Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm of Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v41i1.11968 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

ME Hossain ◽

MM Khatun ◽

MM Islam ◽

OF Miazi

Keyword(s):

Sperm Concentration ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Mean Value ◽

Cattle Breeding ◽

Bull Semen ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The experiment was conducted on 97 breeding bulls at the central cattle breeding and dairy farm, Savar, Dhaka to find out the physical and chemical properties of different bull semen. Out of 97 bulls, 9 were Local (L), 9 were Friesian (F), 13 were Sahiwal (SL), 12 were Local×Friesian (L×F), 10 were Sahiwal×Friesian (SL×F), 26 were Local×Friesian×Friesian (LF1×F), 18 were Local×Friesian× Friesian×Friesian (LF2×F) bulls. The semen of different crossbred and local bulls was examined for ejaculate volume, concentration, pH and motility percent of sperm before and after freezing. It was observed that, the maximum average ejaculate was obtained from SL×F and the mean value was 12.9 ml. However, the minimum average ejaculate was obtained from LF×F and the mean value was 7.4 ml. Before freezing, the maximum average sperm concentration was obtained from SL and the mean value was 1858.4 million/ml. The minimum average sperm concentration was obtained from LF1×F and the mean value was 1286.6 million/ml. The maximum average pH was obtained from LF2×F and the mean value was 6.5. The maximum average motility was obtained from SL and the mean value was 68.8%. However, the minimum average motility was obtained from L×F and the mean value was 63.7%. After freezing, sperm concentration, pH and motility reduced substantially irrespective of type of breed. It could therefore be inferred that freezing of semen should be undertaken with special care to maintain optimum semen quality.http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v41i1.11968

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Dispersion of the P wave as a test for cardiac autonomic function in diabetic children

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s1047951108003089 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 18 (6) ◽

pp. 581-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ebru Y. Imamoglu ◽

Funda Oztunc ◽

Ayse G. Eroglu ◽

Hasan Onal ◽

Alper Guzeltas

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Orthostatic Hypotension ◽

Valsalva Maneuver ◽

P Wave ◽

Resting Heart Rate ◽

Diabetic Children ◽

Before And After ◽

The Mean

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed, in this study, to compare dispersion of the p wave in patients with type 1 diabetes to nondiabetic control subjects, and to investigate the relationship between the dispersion of the p wave and cardiac autonomic dysfunction in diabetic children.MethodsWe enrolled 49 patients with type 1 diabetes, and 32 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects, measuring the Valsalva ratio, resting heart rate, and orthostatic hypotension in all. The duration of the p wave was measured manually on a high-resolution computer screen. Dispersion, defined as the difference between maximum and minimum durations of the p waves, was also measured in the 12-lead electrocardiogram before and after the Valsalva maneuver.ResultsThe mean age of the patients and their controls were 14.2 ± 4.8 years, and 12.7 ± 4.5 years, respectively. The mean duration of diabetes had been 6.2 ± 4.6 years. Maximal and minimal values for the duration of the p wave were significantly decreased in the diabetic children, with the dispersion itself significantly increased. Values for the dispersion in the diabetic subjects were similar before and after the Valsalva maneuver, whereas dispersion was found significantly increased after this maneuver in the controls. The differences in the Valsalva ratio, resting heart rate, and orthostatic hypotension between the groups, on the other hand, were not found to be statistically significant.ConclusionThe noted increase in the dispersion of the p wave in diabetic children reveals the onset of cardiac electrophysiological heterogeneity before it is possible to detect parasympathetic and sympathetic dysfunction with other tests.

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ANALISIS PERBEDAAN ABNORMAL RETURN DAN TRADING VOLUME ACTIVITY SAHAM SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH PERISTIWA GEMPA DI YOGYAKARTA TANGGAL 27 MEI 2006 (Sudi Kasus pada Perusahaan Asuransi Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Jakarta)

IQTISHODUNA ◽

10.18860/iq.v2i2.227 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Lulu Nurul Istanti, SE., MM.,

Keyword(s):

Abnormal Return ◽

Trading Volume ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Mean Value ◽

Volume Activity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Insurance Firms ◽

The Mean ◽

Difference Test

This research presents an empirical analysis of difference between abnormal return and trading volume activity before and after earths-quake, in Yogyakarta at May 27, 2006. And examine its statistical properties. This research argues that there was difference between abnormal return and trading volume activity before and after quake. For this purpose, the mean difference test, using t-test, was applied to compare the mean value of abnormal return and trading volume activity before and after quake. The sample of this research consists of the insurance firms listed at the Jakarta Stock Exchange. Investigation on the sample firms involved periods of ten days before quake and ten days after quake. The results of this research indicate that there was no significant difference between the abnormal return and trading volume activity before and after quake. This evidence confirms that even did not positively influence abnormal return and trading volume activity as suggested theoretically.

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EFEK PREMEDIKASI MIDAZOLAM 0,05 MG/KGBB IV TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH dan LAJU NADI

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.1.1.2013.4621 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Marlin Matana ◽

Mordekhai Laihad ◽

Harold Tambajong

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Pulse Rate ◽

Analytical Study ◽

Elective Surgery ◽

Sample Selection ◽

Significant Drop ◽

Before And After ◽

Test Result ◽

Midazolam Premedication

Abstrak: Operasi merupakan tindakan yang banyak menimbulkan kecemasan. Hal tersebut menyebabkan timbulnya respons stres, dengan akibat dapat terjadinya peningkatan tekanan darah dan laju nadi. Midazolam merupakan obat premedikasi yang mampu menurunkan tingkat kecemasan. Peningkatan tekanan darah dan laju nadi akibat stres psikologi sebelum menghadapi tindakan operasi, dapat mempengaruhi kondisi yang tidak menguntungkan. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perubahan tekanan darah dan laju nadi pada pasien setelah premedikasi Midazolam 0,05 mg/kgbb IV. Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik prospektif. Sampel ialah 25 pasien yang menjalani bedah elektif. Cara pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan accidental sampling. Uji statitik menggunakan uji t berpasangan. Hasil penelitian: Tekanan darah sistolik, diastolik, pada pasien sebelum dan sesudah premedikasi Midazolam menit ke lima dan sepuluh terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p <0,05), sedangkan laju nadi pasien sebelum premedikasi dan sesudah premedikasi menit ke lima dan sepuluh terdapat perbedaan yang tidak bermakna (p > 0,05). Simpulan: Pemberian premedikasi Midazolam 0,05 mg/kgbb IV, dapat memperlihatkan penurunan tingkat ansietas pasien yang dapat dilihat dari penuruan tekanan darah yang bermakna namun penuruan laju nadi tidak bermakna. Kata kunci: Midazolam 0,05 mg/kgbb iv, kecemasan, tekanan darah, laju nadi. Abstract: Surgery is the treatment measurement thet generated a lot of anxiety. This causes the onset of the stress response, with the result can be an increase blood pressure and heart rate. Midazolam premedication is a drug that can reduce the level of anxiety. The change in pulse rate and blood pressure to be high due psychological stress, before facing surgery can affect unfavorable conditions. Purpose: To know the change of blood pressure and heart rate to patient who take premedication Midazolam 0,05 mg/kgbb IV. Methods: This research is a prospective analytical study. The sample is 25 patients who have elective surgery. Sample selection method is done by accidental sampling. Statistic test using a paired t test. Result: Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured in patients before and after midazolam premedication and ten minutes to five, there is a significicant difference (p < 0,05 ), whereas the patien’s heart rate before and after premedication at minute five and ten there were no significant differences (p < 0,05 ) Conclution: By providing premedication Midazolam 0.05 mg/kg, may show decreased levels of anxiety patients that can be seen from the significant drop in blood pressure and pulse rate were not significant. Keyword: Midazolam 0,05 mg/kgbb iv, anxiety, blood pressure, heart rate.

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