The Use of Salacca Zalacca Extract as Reducing Agent to Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles (Agnps) and the Antibacterial Activities.

In general, leaf, flower, and fruit of plants contain organic compounds which may reduce metal salts to nanosize metals, or nanoparticles (NPs). The extract of snake fruit (Salacca zallaca) has been used to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using green-one pot method. Some reaction variables ie. incubation time, Salacca zallacca extract concentration, and pH of the mixture of AgNO3 and the extract have been set-up and controlled. The AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis, FTIR, XRD, and TEM methods. Testing the antibacterial activity of AgNPs was undertaken using the disk diffusion method by measuring the inhibition zones of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi bacteria.The AgNPs can be prepared by reducing Ag+ using Salacca zalacca extract as reducing agent. The formation of AgNPs are affected by the incubation time, extract concentration, and pH of the solution. The AgNPs indicate SPR peak absorption at 400-530 nm, and centered cubic (fcc) structures with a particle size of 10 nm. The AgNPs show antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi bacteria.

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Optical characterization and concentration-dependent antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous Melastoma malabathricum extract against Staphylococcus aureus

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.3160 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 5382-5387

Author(s):

Irshad Ul Haq Bhat ◽

Maisarah Binti Alias

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Functional Groups ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Synthetic Approach ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

X Ray ◽

Melastoma Malabathricum ◽

Resonance Band

The approach towards green synthetic methods has been enormously encouraged to synthesise nanoparticles for various uses. In this study, the one-pot synthetic method was adapted to synthesise silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Melastoma malabathricum (M. malabathricum) aqueous extract. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by observing the results obtained by optical characterisation methods. The plasma resonance band along with shoulder at 375 nm and 595 nm, respectively, in Uv-Visible spectra supported the conversion of silver (Ag) to AgNPs reduced by functional groups present in the plant extract. The size of AgNPs was 31 nm and cubic in shape as confirmed by X-ray diffractometry (XRD) using Scherer equation. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) results also confirmed the presence of silver. The FTIR characterisation confirmed the presence of reducing functional groups. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was carried out by disc diffusion method with increasing concentration of AgNPs, and enhanced inhibition zone was observed. The AgNPs obtained can be further explored against different bacterial strains and can a potential candidate as an antibacterial agent using the green synthetic approach.

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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract, Tamarindus Indica Fruit Extract and Assessement of Antibacterial Activity Against Staphylococcus Aureus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1082171/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shirisha A ◽

ANUMOLU VIJAYA KUMAR ◽

Laxman Chatlod R ◽

Shashi Kumar M ◽

Krishnaiah N ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Green Synthesis ◽

Silver Nitrate ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Tamarindus Indica ◽

Fruit Extract

Abstract The present study mainly deals with the green synthesis, characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized by using the leaf extract of Moringa oleifera and fruit extract of Tamarindus indica. In this study for synthesis of silver nanoparticles different ratios of 1mM silver nitrate and Moringa oleifera leaf extract i.e, 95:5, 90:10 and 85: 15 was taken in conical flask and kept for one 1 hr at 25 0 c on magnetic stirrer, out of which 90:10 ratio was selected for further study based on highest peak, good size and stability. Tamarindus indica fruit extract was added to silver nitrate solution till the colour of the solution changes from light brown to chocolate brownish colour. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Zeta potential, size distribution by intensity. The absorption spectrum of the silver nano solution prepared by using Moringa oleifera and Tamarindus indica fruit extract showed a surface plasmon absorption band with maximum of 420 nm and 430 nm respectively indicating the presence of silver nanoparticles. The zeta value of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Moringa oleifera and Tamarindus indica fruit extract was -12.5 mV and -15.5 mV, size of 110.2 nm and 130.2 nm respectively. The antibacterial efficacy of nanosilver was checked by agar well diffusion method, and the silver nanoparticles showed effective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.

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Antimicrobial Potential of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles by Aaronsohnia factorovskyi Extract

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26010130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Fatimah Al-Otibi ◽

Reem A. Al-Ahaidib ◽

Raedah I. Alharbi ◽

Rana M. Al-Otaibi ◽

Gadah Albasher

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

Large Scale ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Diffusion Method

The green biosynthesis of nanoparticles by plant extracts is an attractive and promising technique for medicinal applications. In the current study, we chose one of the daisy plants, Aaronsohnia factorovskyi (which grows in the Najd region, Saudi Arabia), to investigate its anti-microbial efficacy, in combination with silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillussubtilis (Gram-positive), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli, (Gram-negative) using the disc diffusion method, while the antifungal activity was assessed against Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani, Helminthosporiumrostratum, and Alternariaalternata. The potential phytoconstituents of the plant extracts were identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques, the Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques, and Zeta potential analysis. The current study revealed the ability of the tested plant extract to convert silver ions to silver nanoparticles with an average diameter of 104–140 nm. Biogenic Aaronsohnia factorovskyi-silver nanoparticles (AF-AgNPs) showed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameter to 19.00 ± 2.94 mm, and antifungal activity against Fusarium solani, which reduced the growth of fungal yarn to 1.5 mm. The innovation of the present study is that the green synthesis of NPs, which is simple, cost-effective, provides stable nano-materials, and can be an alternative for the large-scale synthesis of silver nanoparticles.

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Highly Antibacterial Activity Against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Citrus maxima Peel Extract

10.21203/rs.3.rs-160930/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Thu Ha Bui ◽

Ngoc Dai Nghia Tran ◽

Phung Anh Nguyen ◽

Nhat Linh Duong ◽

Van Minh Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Average Diameter ◽

Reducing Agent ◽

Face Centered Cubic ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Citrus Maxima

Abstract A cost-effective and green technique was performed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from a plant resource using Citrus maxima peel (CMP) extract as a reducing agent. The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by UV-Vis Spectroscopy at the wavelength range of 400−500 nm. The optimized conditions for the AgNPs synthesis using CMP extract as a reducing agent were determined. At these conditions, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) results revealed the face-centered cubic structure of AgNPs had a highly crystalline with the particle size in a range of 10−20 nm. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) demonstrated the presence of flavonoid, terpenoid, phenolic, and glycosides in phytochemical compositions of CMP extract which can act as the reducing agents for AgNPs formation. The antibacterial effect of the AgNPs was evaluated against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by implementing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum batericidal concentration (MBC), and the zone of inhibition tests. The AgNPs exhibited effective antibacterial activity against bacteria with an average diameter of inhibition zones of 11.7 mm, the MIC of 8.27 µg/mL, and the MBC of the 16.54 µg/mL.

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ISOLASI DAN UJI ANTIBAKTERI DARI ISOLAT BAKTERI YANG BERASOSIASI DENGAN SPONS Callyspongia aerizusa SERTA IDENTIFIKASI SECARA BIOKIMIA

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.8.2019.29304 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 380

Author(s):

Angelika Liempepas ◽

Widya A. Lolo ◽

Paulina V. Y. Yamlean

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Health Sector ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Agar Disc ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus

ABSTRACT Sponge Callyspongia aerizusa contain potential bioactive compound that can be utilized in the health sector. Extract of sea sponge Callyspongia aerizusa, can hamper the growth of Salmonella typhi bacteria, Streptococcus pyogenes, Shigella and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The aim of this study was to test the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and identify the type of symbionic bacteria of Callyspongia aerizusa sponge based on their physiological and biochemical characteristics. The method of testing the antibacterial activity was agar diffusion method (Kirby and Baurer diffusion disc). There were three bacterial isolates namely T1, T2, and T3 isolates. The result showed that T1, T2, and T3bacterial isolates had antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus test bacteria. Based on the biochemical test, T2bacterial isolates were identified as Bronchothrix bacteria and T1and T3 bacterial identified as Desulfotomaculum. Keywords: Callyspongia aerizusa, Antibacterial activity, symbiont bacteria, Biochemical Identification ABSTRAKSpons Callyspongia aerizusa memiliki kandungan senyawa bioaktif potensial yang dapat dimanfaatkan dibidang kesehatan. Ekstrak spons laut Callyspongia aerizusa dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus pyogenes, Shigella dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri dari bakteri simbion spons Callyspongia aerizusa terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcuc aureus dan mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri simbion spons Callyspongia aerizusa berdasarkan karakteristik fisiologis dan biokimianya. Metode pengujian aktivitas antibakteri yang digunakan yaitu metode difusi agar (disc diffusion Kirby and Baurer). Terdapat tiga isolat bakteri yaitu isolat T1, T2, dan T3. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa isolat bakteri T1, T2, dan T3 memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri uji Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcuc aureus. Berdasarkan uji biokima, isolat bakteri T2 diduga sebagai bakteri Brochothrix dan isolat bakteri T1 dan T3 diduga sebagai bakteri Desulfotomaculum.Kata kunci: Callyspongia aerizusa, Aktivitas antibakteri, Bakteri simbion, Identifikasi Biokimia

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ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY TEST OF EXTRACT ETHANOL OF JACKFRUIT LEAVES (Artocarpus heterophyllus. Lamk.) OF BACTERIA Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Salmonella typhi

Journal of Pharmaceutical And Sciences ◽

10.36490/journal-jps.com.v2i2.28 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 49-54

Author(s):

Kasta Gurning ◽

Dameria Siahaan ◽

Iksen Iksen

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Artocarpus Heterophyllus

Jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) have health benefits as an antimicrobial. The leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, saponins which act as antimicrobials. The purpose of this study was to study the potential antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk.) On the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Salmonella typhi. This research conducted with an experimental method that included the collection and processing of samples, the examination of the simplicia characterization and phytochemical screening. The concentration of jackfruit leaf ethanol extract. Used was at a concentration of 500 mg mL, 400 mg/mL, 300 mg/mL, 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL , 25 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL 30 mg/ml chloramphenicol and blanks. Using the disk diffusion method to measure the clear zone against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Salmonella typhi. Antimicrobial inhibition of ethanol extract of jackfruit leaves against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria at a concentration of 500 mg/mL has a strong antibacterial inhibition with a diameter of 10.8 mm. The bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Salmonella typhi at a concentration of 500 mg/mL have inhibitory power, 9.2 mm, 9.6 mm, and 8.8 mm in the medium category. Positive control chloramphenicol has powerful antibacterial inhibition with an inhibition zone diameter of 28.6 mm.

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Aktivitas Antibakteri Kain Poliester dengan Penambahan Heksadesiltrimetoksisilan (HDTMS) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25924

Jurnal Kimia VALENSI ◽

10.15408/jkv.v0i0.5831 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 95-100

Author(s):

Eli Rohaeti ◽

Nur Ihda Zulaikha

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Incubation Time ◽

Polyester Fabric ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Test Results ◽

Clear Zone ◽

Polyester Fabrics ◽

Activity Test ◽

Fabric Sample

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri kain poliester yang terdeposit senyawa HDTMS (P-HDTMS) terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25924. Larutan HDTMS dibuat dengan melarutkan senyawa HDTMS dalam etanol 4%. Larutan HDTMS kemudian didepositkan pada sampel kain Poliester. Uji aktivitas antibakteri P-HDTMS dilakukan melalui metode difusi dengan mengukur diameter zona bening di sekitar sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa HDTMS telah terdeposit pada kain poliester. Hasil uji zona bening menunjukkan bahwa P-HDTMS memiliki diameter zona bening sebesar 9.25 mm pada waktu inkubasi selama 60 jam. Dengan demikian P-HDTMS mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25924.This research aims to determine the antibacterial activity of polyesterwhich was deposited by hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS) against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25924.The HDTMS solution was made by dissolving the HDTMS compound in 4% ethanol. The HDTMS solution was then deposited on a polyester fabric sample. The antibacterial activity test of P-HDTMS was conducted with diffusion method by measuring the diameter of clear zone around the sample.The results of this researchshowed that HDTMS compound has been deposited on polyester fabrics. The clear zone test results showed that P-HDTMS has diameter of clear zone of 9.25 mm at incubation time of 60 hours. Thus, P-HDTMS has an antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureusATCC 25924.

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Antibacterial Activity of Thujaoccidentalis,ThujaorientalisandChamaecyparisobtusa

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance ◽

10.25258/ijpqa.v8i03.9567 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (03) ◽

Author(s):

Kyoung- Sun Seo ◽

Seong Woo Jin ◽

Seongkyu Choi ◽

Kyeong Won Yun

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Agent ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

The Other ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

E Coli ◽

Agar Diffusion ◽

Agar Diffusion Method ◽

Crude Methanol Extract

The antibacterial activity of three Cupressaceae plants (Thujaoccidentalis,ThujaorientalisandChamaecyparisobtusa) was tested against three bacteria using the agar diffusion method. The ether and ethylacetate fraction of crude methanol extract from the three plants showed potent antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. The result showed that Staphylococcus aureus revealed the most sensitivity among the tested bacteria. Thujaoccidentalisether fraction and Thujaorientalis hexane fraction exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. E. coli was shown the highest MIC values compared to the other two tested bacteria, which indicates the lowest antibacterial activity against the bacterium. This study promises an interesting future for designing a potentially active antibacterial agent from the three Cupressaceae plants.

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Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Artocarpus hirsutus Seed Extract and its Antibacterial Activity

Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology ◽

10.2174/1389201021666200107115849 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (10) ◽

pp. 980-989

Author(s):

Sampath Shobana ◽

Sunderam Veena ◽

S.S.M. Sameer ◽

K. Swarnalakshmi ◽

L.A. Vishal

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Listeria Monocytogenes ◽

Nanoparticle Synthesis ◽

Enterobacter Aerogenes ◽

Seed Extract ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Multi Drug Resistance ◽

Gastrointestinal Bacteria

Aims: To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Artocarpus hirsutus mediated seed extract for nanoparticle synthesis. Background: Gastrointestinal bacteria are known for causing deadly infections in humans. They also possess multi-drug resistance and interfere with clinical treatments. Applied nanotechnology has been known to combat such infectious agents with little interference from their special attributes. Here we synthesize silver nanoparticles from Artocarpus hirsutus seed extract against two gastro-intestinal bacterial species: Enterobacter aerogenes and Listeria monocytogenes. Objective: To collect, dry, and process seeds of Artocarpus hirsutus for nanoparticle synthesis. To evaluate the morphological interaction of silver nanoparticles with bacteria. Methods: Artocarpus hirsutus seeds were collected and processed and further silver nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using XRD, UV, FTIR, and SEM. These nanoparticles were employed to study the antibacterial activity of nanoparticles against Enterobacter aerogenes and Listeria monocytogenes using well diffusion method. Further, morphological interaction of silver nanoparticles on bacteria was studied using SEM. Result: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Artocarpus hirsutus seed extract and characterization studies confirmed that silver nanoparticles were spherical in shape with 25-40 nm size. Antibacterial study exhibited better activity against Enterobacter aerogenes with a maximum zone of inhibition than on Listeria monocytogenes. SEM micrographs indicated that Enterobacter aerogenes bacteria were more susceptible to silver nanoparticles due to the absence of cell wall. Also, the size and charge of silver nanoparticles enable easy penetration of the bacterial cell wall. Conclusion: In this study, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using the seed extract of Artocarpus hirsutus for the first time exploiting the fact that Moraceae species have high phytonutrient content which aided in nanoparticle synthesis. This nanoparticle can be employed for large scale synthesis which when coupled with the pharmaceutical industry can be used to overcome the problems associated with conventional antibiotics to treat gastrointestinal bacteria.

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Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized by Bark Extract of Syzygium cumini

Journal of Nanoparticles ◽

10.1155/2013/431218 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Ram Prasad ◽

Vyshnava Satyanarayana Swamy

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Bark Extract ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Cost Effective Method ◽

Uv Visible ◽

Major Attention

The unique property of the silver nanoparticles having the antimicrobial activity drags the major attention towards the present nanotechnology. The environmentally nontoxic, ecofriendly, and cost-effective method that has been developed for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts creates the major research interest in the field of nanobiotechnology. The synthesized silver nanoparticles have been characterized by the UV-visible spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Further, the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was evaluated by well diffusion method, and it was found that the biogenic silver nanoparticles have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 29213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Azotobacter chroococcum WR 9, and Bacillus licheniformis (MTCC 9555).

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