Radiant Flux Preference of Neonatal Broiler Chicks During Brooding

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1417-1423
Author(s):  
John E. Linhoss ◽  
Joseph L. Purswell ◽  
Jeremiah D. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Radiant Flux ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Area ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
Mixed Gender ◽  
Broiler House

Abstract. Radiant heat is the most common method of providing supplemental heat in a broiler house. However, little information exists about chick preference for radiant flux. Identifying the ranges of radiant flux that chicks prefer would allow improved management of the thermal environment. The objectives of this study were to determine the radiant flux ranges preferred by broiler chicks during the first eight days of brooding. Three trials were conducted using straight-run broiler chicks. A total of 88 chicks were randomly allocated into two mixed-gender groups and placed into identical 1 m × 4 m pens for 8 d. Heat lamps were used to create radiant flux zones of 30, 70, 175, and 450 W m-2 in each pen. Chicks were allowed to move freely between the zones, and feed and water were available in each treatment area. Chick location was recorded with a camera at 5 min intervals. For each image, non-linear regression analysis was applied to the cumulative proportion of chicks in each treatment. The resulting equations were used to calculate the range of radiant flux values for which 80% of the chicks exhibited a preference. Chicks exhibited a preference for decreasing radiant flux with age. The mean maximum preferred radiant flux for all trials decreased from 409.4 W m-2 at 1 d to 304.4 W m-2 at 8 d. The mean minimum preferred radiant flux for all trials decreased from 114.5 W m-2 at 1 d to 31.4 W m-2 at 8 d. Keywords: Broiler chicks, Brooding, Radiant flux, Radiant heaters, Thermal preference.

scholarly journals Pan–Tilt IR Scanning Method for the Remote Measurement of Mean Radiant Temperatures at Multi-Location in Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2158
Author(s):  
Dong-Seok Lee ◽  
Jae-Hun Jo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Ir Camera ◽  
Scanning Method ◽  
Image Frame ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Evaluation

The mean radiant temperature (MRT) is an indicator for evaluating the radiant heat environment near occupants and is determined by the radiant heat exchange between the occupants and their surroundings. To control various heating and cooling systems according to the occupants’ thermal comfort, it is essential to consider MRTs in the real-time evaluation of thermal environment. This study proposes a pan–tilt infrared (IR) scanning method to estimate the MRTs at multiple occupant locations in real buildings. The angle factor was calculated by defining the specific classification criteria for dividing the entire indoor surface into sub-surfaces. The coupling IR camera and pan–tilt motor were applied to enable storing data pairs of IR thermal image frame (IR image frame) and pan–tilt angle so each surface area taken by the IR camera can have its direction information. The measurement method of the mean surface temperature using the pan–tilt IR system was presented. The pan–tilt IR system hardware and MRT monitoring software were developed. An experiment was performed to verify the applicability of the proposed pan–tilt IR scanning method. By comparing the surface temperatures measured using a contact thermometer and the proposed IR system, the contact thermometer could cause inaccurate measurement of surfaces with a non-uniform distribution of temperature. The difference between surface temperatures increased by up to 15 °C and, accordingly, the MRT distributions differed by up to 6 °C within the same space. The proposed IR scanning method showed good applicability in various aspects. This paper reports that the MRT has a significant effect on the occupants’ thermal comfort and also suggests considering MRTs in the real-time evaluation of thermal environment to control various heating and cooling systems appropriately.

scholarly journals Contribution Degree of Different Surface Factors in Urban Interior to Urban Thermal Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jikang Wan ◽  
Min Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Ground Object ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban Thermal Environment

The contribution degree of different surface factors (complexity and heterogeneity) in the urban interior to the urban thermal environment has become an issue of increasing concern under changing climate. In this paper, the multiple linear regression analysis methods to analyze the contribution degree of different surface factors to the urban thermal environment were based on seven urban built-up areas. At the same time, the LST of the same type of factors in the same city will have a difference of ±2.5°C due to the different surrounding features. At the same time, the LST of the same ground object in the same city will be ±2.5°C different because of the difference of the surrounding ground object. The environmental LST and the mean LST of other surface factors were significantly correlated, and the root mean square error was 3.52. This study first classifies the ground features with different attributes, conducts LST statistics for each category, and conducts multivariate linear analysis, instead of setting some fuzzy exponent and forcing a threshold to calculate. The purpose is to explore the contribution of different reflectivity ground objects to the urban thermal environment.

Evaluating Radiant Heater Performance Using Chick Thermal Preference and Spatial Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-454
Author(s):  
John E Linhoss ◽  
Joseph L Purswell ◽  
Jeremiah D Davis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Radiant Flux ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
List Type ◽  
Thermal Preference ◽  
Radiant Heater

HighlightsRadiant heaters from different manufacturers with the same power output do not produce the same radiant distribution.Heater net usable area is influenced by heater elevation and chick preferences for radiant flux.Radiant heaters should be operated at manufacturer specified elevations to minimize potential reductions in performance.Abstract. Radiant heaters are the most common method of providing supplemental heat in broiler houses, but little is known about how efficiently they create a suitable thermal environment for brooding chicks. This study investigates the net usable area (NUA), or the total floor area within the range of radiant flux preferred by chicks, for six round radiant heaters with a nominally rated power output of 11.72 kW. NUA was calculated for all heaters at three manufacturer specified heights 1.52, 1.83, and 1.98 m and at a distance 0.3 m below manufacturer specified height (1.22 m). NUA ranged from 11.6 ± 0.7 m2 to 59.4 ± 19.7 m2 and increased with heater mounting elevation. Results indicate that radiant heaters from different manufacturers with the same power output do not produce the same NUA. NUA was also shown to be higher at 8 d than 1 d for all heaters and was attributed to the decrease in chick preference for level of radiant flux during the first week of brooding. NUA gross radiant coefficient (GRC), or the proportion of the heat energy in the fuel that reached the floor and was within the thermal comfort range of the chicks, did not exceed 0.37 for any heater and decreased with heater elevation. Operating a heater below the manufacturer specified mounting elevations led to reduced NUA and an overall less efficient use of fuel. Keywords: Broiler chicks, Brooding, Net usable area, Radiant heaters, Thermal preference.

scholarly journals Happiness, quality of working life, and job satisfaction among nurses working in emergency departments in Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Javanmardnejad ◽  
Razieh Bandari ◽  
Majideh Heravi-Karimooi ◽  
Nahid Rejeh ◽  
Hamid Sharif Nia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Nurses have a vital role in the healthcare system. One of the basic steps to increase their happiness is to recognize factors such as job satisfaction and quality of working life. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine the relationship between happiness and quality of working life and job satisfaction among nursing personnel. Methods This descriptive study was carried out on 270 hospital nurses who worked in emergency departments in Iran. Nurses were recruited through the census method. Data collection instruments included the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI), the Quality of Work Life Questionnaire (QWL), and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (JSQ). Data were explored using descriptive statistics, and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis. Results The mean age of participants was 30.1 ± 6.26 years. The mean happiness score was 38.5 ± 16.22, the mean Quality of Working Life (QWL) score was 84.3 ± 17.62, and the mean job satisfaction score was found to be 45.5 ± 13.57); corresponding to moderate levels of attributes. The results obtained from the ordinary least-square (OLS) regression indicated that happiness significantly was associated with economic status and satisfaction with closure (R2: 0.38). Conclusion Overall the current study found that nurses who work in emergency departments did not feel happy. Additionally, the findings suggest that their happiness were associated with their economic status, and closure over their duties.

The impact of legs fat mass and legs lean fat mass on thigh circumference according cardiovascular risk: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Chlabicz ◽  
M Paniczko ◽  
J Jamolkowski ◽  
P Sowa ◽  
M Lapinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Thigh Circumference ◽  
Tissue Model ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Medical University of Bialystok, Poland Introduction A low thigh circumference is associated with an increased risk of high blood pressure, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and total mortality. Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the thigh circumference and cardiovascular (CV) risk classes, and to assess what type of tissue, adipose tissue or muscle tissue affects the thigh circumference. Methods The longitudinal, population-based, Polish study was conducted in 2017-2020. A total of 931 individuals aged 20-79 were analyzed. Pol-SCORE system was used to assess the 10-year risk of fatal CV based on the following risk factors: age, gender, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol for individuals aged 40-70.  Then, CV risk classes were assessed using the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines. The measurement of thigh circumference were performed directly below the gluteal fold of the thigh. Both thighs were measured and the mean value was calculated as the final thigh circumference. Body composition was assessed using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA). Results The mean age was 49.1 ± 15.5 years and 43.2% male. The mean thigh circumference was 58.2 ± 5.9 cm, the mean legs fat mass was 7.7 ± 2.8kg, and the mean legs lean mass was 16.9 ± 4.0kg. Lower thigh circumference was associated with higher CV risk classes in univariate linear regression analysis (β -0.516, p = 0.002), as well adjusted by age and sex (β -0.839, p = 0.008), adjusted by age, sex, BMI (β -0.886, p <0.001), and age, sex, WHR (β -0.988, p <0.001). In linear regression analysis legs adipose tissue and muscle tissue were related to the thigh circumference independently of CV risk classes (Model 1) and Pol-SCORE value (Model 2). However, fatty tissue (Model 1: β 0.746, p < 0.001; Model 2: β 0.749, p < 0.001) affects the thigh circumference more than the muscle tissue (Model 1: β 0.479, p < 0.001; Model 2: β 0.442, p < 0.001) (Fig. 1). Conclusion Smaller thigh circumference was associated with higher CV risk classes. Thigh circumference was more influenced by adipose tissue than by muscle tissue, regardless of the Pol-SCORE  or CV risk classes. Table 1. Variable Model 1 Model 2 Beta p R2 Beta p R2 Legs fat mass 0.746 <0.001 0.785 0.749 <0.001 0.760 Legs lean mass 0.479 <0.001 0.785 0.442 <0.001 0.760 Model 1: adjusted for Cardiovascular risk classesModel 2: adjusted for Pol-SCOREResults of the linear regression analysis thigh circumference in the general population Abstract Figure 1.

scholarly journals How Can We Adapt Thermal Comfort for Disabled Patients? A Case Study of French Healthcare Buildings in Summer

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4530
Author(s):  
Youcef Bouzidi ◽  
Zoubayre El Akili ◽  
Antoine Gademer ◽  
Nacef Tazi ◽  
Adil Chahboun
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Mean Radiant Temperature ◽  
Operative Temperature ◽  
Neutral Temperature ◽  
Radiant Temperature

This paper investigates adaptive thermal comfort during summer in medical residences that are located in the French city of Troyes and managed by the Association of Parents of Disabled Children (APEI). Thermal comfort in these buildings is evaluated using subjective measurements and objective physical parameters. The thermal sensations of respondents were determined by questionnaires, while thermal comfort was estimated using the predicted mean vote (PMV) model. Indoor environmental parameters (relative humidity, mean radiant temperature, air temperature, and air velocity) were measured using a thermal environment sensor during the summer period in July and August 2018. A good correlation was found between operative temperature, mean radiant temperature, and PMV. The neutral temperature was determined by linear regression analysis of the operative temperature and Fanger’s PMV model. The obtained neutral temperature is 23.7 °C. Based on the datasets and questionnaires, the adaptive coefficient α representing patients’ capacity to adapt to heat was found to be 1.261. A strong correlation was also observed between the sequential thermal index n(t) and the adaptive temperature. Finally, a new empirical model of adaptive temperature was developed using the data collected from a longitudinal survey in four residential buildings of APEI in summer, and the obtained adaptive temperature is 25.0 °C with upper and lower limits of 24.7 °C and 25.4 °C.

Non-invasive determination of the systolic peak-to-peak gradient in children with aortic stenosis: validation of a mathematical model

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valter C. Lima ◽  
Evan Zahn ◽  
Christine Houde ◽  
Jeffrey Smallhorn ◽  
Robert M. Freedom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Gradients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Congenital Aortic Valvar Stenosis ◽  
Peak Gradient

AbstractDoppler derived systolic pressure gradients have become widely applied as noninvasively obtained estimates of the severity of aortic valvar stenosis. There is little correlation, however, between the Doppler derived peak instantaneous gradient and the peak-to-peak gradient obtained at catheterisation, the latter being the most applied variable to determine severity in children. The purpose of this study was to validate a mathematical model based on data from catheterisation which estimates the peak-to-peak gradient from variables which can be obtained by noninvasive means (Doppler derived mean gradient and pulse pressure), according to the formula: peak-to-peak systolic gradient=6.02+1.49*(mean gradient)−0.44*(pulse pressure). Simultaneous cardiac catheterization and Doppler studies were performed on 10 patients with congenital aortic valvar stenosis. Correlations between the gradients measured at catheter measured, and those derived by Doppler, were performed using linear regression analysis. The mean gradients correlated well (y=0.67 × + 11.11, r=0.87, SEE=6 mm Hg, p=0.001). The gradients predicted by the formula also correlated well with the peak-to-peak gradients measured at catheter (y=0.66 × + 14.44, r=0.84, SEE=9 mm Hg, p=O.002). The data support the application of the model, allowing noninvasive prediction of the peak-to-peak gradient across the aortic valvar stenosis.

How landscape and climate affect the spatial variability of the Italian rainfall extremes? Some initial clues based on I2-RED

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Mazzoglio ◽  
Ilaria Butera ◽  
Pierluigi Claps
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Alpine Region ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Rainfall Extremes ◽  
Geomorphological Parameters ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Italian Territory

<p>The intensity and the spatial distribution of precipitation depths are known to be highly dependent on relief and geomorphological parameters. Complex environments like mountainous regions are prone to intense and frequent precipitation events, especially if located near the coastline. Although the link between the mean annual rainfall and geomorphological parameters has received substantial attention, few literature studies investigate the relationship between the sub-daily maximum annual rainfall depth and geographical or morphological landscape features.<br>In this study, the mean of the rainfall extremes in Italy, recently revised in the so-called I<sup>2</sup>-RED dataset, are investigated in their spatial variability in comparison with some landscape and also some broad climatic characteristics. The database includes all sub-daily rainfall extremes recorded in Italy from 1916 until 2019 and this analysis considers their mean values (from 1 to 24 hours) in stations with at least 10 years of records, involving more than 3700 stations.<br>The geo-morpho-climatic factors considered range from latitude, longitude and minimum distance from the coastline on the geographic side, to elevation, slope, openness and obstruction morphological indices, and also include an often-neglected robust climatological information, as the local mean annual rainfall.<br>Obtained results highlight that the relationship between the annual maximum rainfall depths and the hydro-geomorphological parameters is not univocal over the entire Italian territory and over different time intervals. Considering the whole of Italy, the highest correlation is reached between the mean values of the 24-hours records and the mean annual precipitation (correlation coefficient greater than 0.75). This predominance remains also in sub-areas of the Italian territory (i.e., the Alpine region, the Apennines or the coastal areas) but correlation decreases as the time interval decreases, except for the Alpine region (0.73 for the 1-hour maximum). The other geomorphological parameters seem to act in conjunction, making it difficult to evaluate, with a simple linear regression analysis, their impact. As an example, the absolute value of the correlation coefficient between the elevation and the 1-hour extremes is greater than 0.35 for the Italian and the Alpine regions, while for the 24-hours interval it is greater than 0.35 over the coastal areas.<br>To further investigate the spatial variability of the relationship between rainfall and elevation, a spatial linear regression analysis has been undertaken. Local linear relationships have been fitted in circles centered on any of the 0.5-km size pixels in Italy, with 1 to 30 km radius and at least 5 stations included. Results indicate the need of more comprehensive terrain analysis to better understand the causes of local increasing or decreasing relations, poorly described in the available literature.</p>

Reduced oxygenation but not fibrosis defined by functional magnetic resonance imaging predicts the long-term progression of chronic kidney disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 964-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Sugiyama ◽  
Tsutomu Inoue ◽  
Eito Kozawa ◽  
Masahiro Ishikawa ◽  
Akira Shimada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Bold Mri ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Observation Period

Abstract Background Although chronic hypoxia and fibrosis may be a key to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), a noninvasive means of measuring these variables is not yet available. Here, using blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) and diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we assessed changes in renal tissue oxygenation and fibrosis, respectively, and evaluated their correlation with prognosis for renal function. Methods The study was conducted under a single-center, longitudinal, retrospective observational design. We examined the prognostic significance of T2* values of BOLD-MRI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values on DW-MRI and other clinical parameters. The rate of decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by linear regression analysis using changes in eGFR during the observation period. Results A total of 91 patients were enrolled, with a mean age of 55.8 ± 15.6 years. Among patients, 51 (56.0%) were males and 38 (41.8%) had diabetes mellitus. The mean eGFR was 49.2 ± 28.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 and the mean observation period was 5.13 years. ADC values of DW-MRI but not T2* values of BOLD-MRI were well correlated with eGFR at the initial time point. The mean annual rate of decline in eGFR during the 5-year observation period was −1.92 ± 3.00 mL/min/1.73 m2. On multiple linear regression analysis, the rate of decline in eGFR was significantly correlated with eGFR at the start point, period average amount of proteinuria and T2* values, but not with ADC values (t = 2.980, P = 0.004). Conclusions Reduced oxygenation as determined by low T2* values on BOLD-MRI is a clinically useful marker of CKD progression.

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis of Water Reduction in Lower-Limb Lymphedema by Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (04) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshichika Yasunaga ◽  
Daisuke Yanagisawa ◽  
Erika Ohata ◽  
Kiyoshi Matsuo ◽  
Shunsuke Yuzuriha
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
The Mean

Background Although lymphedema is fundamentally abnormal accumulation of excess water in the extracellular space, previous studies have evaluated the efficacy of physiological bypass surgery (lymphaticovenular anastomosis [LVA]) for lymphedema without measuring water volume. This study clarified the water reductive effect of LVA using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Methods The efficacy of LVA for unilateral lower-limb lymphedema was evaluated using BIA in a retrospective cohort. The water volume of affected and unaffected legs was measured using multifrequency BIA before and after LVA. Preoperative measurements were undertaken after compression therapy for at least 3 months. The follow-up period after LVA was a minimum of 6 months. Results Thirty consecutive patients with unilateral lower-limb lymphedema were enrolled. The mean water volume reduction of the affected leg by LVA (ΔLBW) was 0.86 L (standard deviation [SD]: 0.86, median: 0.65) with a mean number of 3.3 anastomoses (SD: 1.7). The mean reduction rate of edema was 45.1% (SD: 36.3). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed water volume difference between the affected and unaffected legs before LVA (excess LBW) as the strongest predictor of ΔLBW (R 2 = 0.759, p < 0.01; β = 0.500, p < 0.01). Conclusion The LVA reduces the volume of accumulated body water in lower-limb lymphedema. As excess LBW most strongly predicted the amount of water volume reduction by LVA, body water volume measurement by BIA before LVA might identify patients with low excess LBW not expected to benefit from LVA, regardless of apparent differences in limb circumference.

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