Quality evaluation of tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) with fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum and Aspergillus ficuum at different incubation times

Abstract. Pazla R, Jamarun N, Zain M, Yanti G, Chandra RH. 2021. Quality evaluation of tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) with fermentation using Lactobacillus plantarum and Aspergillus ficuum at different incubation times. Biodiversitas 22: 3936-3942. This research aimed to evaluate the nutritional quality of tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) fermented using Lactobacillus plantarum and Aspergillus ficuum with different incubation times on nutritional content, digestibility, phytase enzyme activity, and characteristics of rumen fluid. The research used an experimental method with a factorial completely randomized design to evaluate the nutritional content and phytase enzyme activity after fermentation (stage 1). A randomized block design was used to evaluate in vitro digestibility and rumen fluid characteristics (stage 2). For factorial completely randomized design, factor A is the type of microbe (L. plantarum and A. ficuum), then factor B is the incubation time (3,5,7 days). Parameters observed were the nutritional content of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), and phytase enzyme activity. For the Randomized Block Design, the research treatments were A = A. ficuum + 5 days of incubation, B = A. ficuum + 7 days of incubation, C = L. plantarum + 3 days of incubation, D = L. plantarum + 5 days of incubation. Parameters measured were the digestibility of dry matter(DMD), organic matter (OMD), crude protein (CPD), crude fiber (CFD), rumen pH, VFA production, and NH3 rumen fluid. The results showed that there was an interaction between the type of microbe and incubation time. The treatment had a significantly different effect (P<0.05) on the content of OM, CP, CF and phytase enzyme activity, but no interaction with the content of DM treatment. In the digestibility, the results showed that the effect was not significantly different (P>0.05) on DMD, OMD, CPD but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on CFD. The treatments also had no significant effect (P>0.05) on VFA but were significantly different (P<0.05) on NH3. From this study, it can be concluded that fermented tithonia using A. ficuum with an incubation period of 7 days could improve the quality of tithonia. It can be seen from the content of CP (31.02%), CF (16.52%), phytase enzyme activity (37.36 U/ml), DMD (66.86%), OMD (67.36%), CFD (81.01%), CPD (70.37%), VFA production 135 mM and NH3 concentration 14.31 mg/100 ml, and pH value 6.72 which is suitable for rumen microbial growth.

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Quality of Italian tomatoes grown with different forms of calcium application

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i12.10837 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. e10191210837

Author(s):

Isa Gabriela Vieira de Andrade ◽

Gilmário Noberto de Souza ◽

Eduardo Santana Aires ◽

Ítala Laiane Silva Gomes ◽

Ruy de Carvalho Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Fruit Firmness ◽

Post Harvest ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Tree Fruits ◽

Fruit Mass

Tomato is one of the most consumed vegetables in the world. This work aimed to evaluate post-harvest quality of Italian Saladete tomatoes grown in a protected environment, with different ways of calcium application, in the Middle São Francisco Valley. Consisting of five Italian tomato hybrids (Anjico, Gabrielle, Liberty, Ty 2006 and Shanty), and three different ways of calcium application (T0 without application of calcium; T1 application of calcium in the opening flower, and T2 weekly application of calcium in the fruit). Poductivity, average fruit mass, incidence of apical rot, fruit firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (AT), and pH, were analized. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design in a factorial scheme (five cultivars x three ways of calcium application), with three repetition and using two central plants as useful plot for analysis, except for fruit firmness that was carried out in a completely randomized design, using tree fruits per analysis. According to the results obtained, hybrids of Italian saladete tomatoes behaved in a satisfactory manner, therefore it is recommended to cultivate hybrids of Italian saladete tomatoes in the Middle São Francisco Valley, mainly hybrid Anjico. Calcium application way did not interfere with post-harvest attributes.

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PEMANFAATAN BIOMASSA GULMA PAITAN (Tithonia diversifolia) (Hemsley) A. Gray SEBAGAI PUPUK KOMPOS DALAM MENINGKATAN HASIL KACANG TANAH

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia ◽

10.31186/jipi.21.2.115-120 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 115-120

Author(s):

Desy Aryani ◽

Uswatun Nurjannah ◽

Hasanudin Hasanudin

Keyword(s):

Seed Weight ◽

Crop Production ◽

Block Design ◽

Economic Value ◽

Optimum Dose ◽

Tithonia Diversifolia ◽

Nutritional Content ◽

Peanut Crop ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Peanut Production

[THE USE OF PAITAN BIOMASS (Tithonia diversifolia) (Hemsley) A. Gray AS A FERTILIZER IN INCREASING PEANUT YIELD]. Peanuts are one of the food crops having high economic value due to their nutritional content, especially high protein and fat. Peanut crop production has decreased due to infertile land with poor in nutrients. Efforts to increase peanut production is by including organic paitan (T. diversifolia) provision. This study aims to obtain the optimum dose of T. diversifolia compost on the yield of peanuts. This research was carried out in Pekik Nyaring Village, Bengkulu, with a height of ± 25 m above sea level, from February to April 2018. The design used was a complete randomized block design with a single factor consisting of 6 levels of treatment with four replications. Factor dosage of paitan compost fertilizer (T. diversifolia) is 0 tons/hectares, 5 tons/hectares, 10 tons/hectares, 15 tons/hectares, 20 tons/hectares, and 25 tons/hectares. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance at a 5% level. The results showed that the optimum dose of 15.5 tons/hectares produced 6.54 branches. The dosage of T. diversifolia compost 25 tons/hectares produced the highest number of pithed pods (36.08 pieces), the heaviest pith weighted pods (111.58 g), and the heaviest seed weight (87.06 g).

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PENGARUH PUPUK HIJAU TANAMAN KEMBANG BULAN (Tithonia diversifolia) DAN PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PRODUKSI TANAMAN EKINASE (Echinacea purpurea)

Buletin Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat ◽

10.21082/bullittro.v28n2.2017.127-136 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 127

Author(s):

Dian Susanti ◽

Harto Widodo ◽

Erri S. Hartanto

Keyword(s):

Herbal Medicine ◽

Green Manure ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Echinacea Purpurea ◽

Raw Material ◽

Tithonia Diversifolia ◽

Randomized Block Design

Echinaceae is introduced medicinal plant as immunomodulator. The high demand of echinaceae as raw material for immunomodulatory herbal medicine by the industries, requires the increase in quantity and quality of cultivated echinaceae. Thus, the use of fertilizer is necessary. However, to ensure the safety of raw materials for herbal medicine industry, the use of organic fertilizer becomes one of the important components. Organic fertilizer used can be in the form of solid fertilizer such as dung manure, compost and green manure. Various plants can be utilized as a source of green manure such as Tithonia diversifolia, because of its high N content. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the dosage of dung manure and green manure from T. diversifolia on echinaceae biomass and echinacoside contents. The research was arranged in Factorial Randomized Block Design with two treatments, three dosages of dung manure (P) 0; 2.5; 5 ton.ha-1, and three dosages of green manure from T. diversifolia (T) 0; 10 and 20 ton.ha-1. The treatment combinations were repeated three times. The results showed that there was no interaction between T. diversifolia green manure and dung manure usage. The use of T. diversifolia fertilizer alone was not evidently increased the fresh weight of biomass at 20 ton.ha-1. The use of T. diversifolia and dung manure showed no significant effect on echinacoside content.

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Physical quality and digestibility in vitro determination of green pellet concentrate based on Indigofera zollingeriana

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner ◽

10.14334/jitv.v22i3.1651 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 114 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Andi Tarigan ◽

Simon P. Ginting ◽

I. I. Arief ◽

D. A. Astuti ◽

L. Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Physical Quality ◽

Green Pellet ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Indigofera Zollingeriana ◽

Total Bacteria

This study aims to determine the physical quality and digestibility of green pellet concentrate based on I. zollingeriana. The composition of green pellet concentrate feed contains I. zollingeriana and C. calothyrsus in the following combinations: 1) I. zollingeriana /C. calothyrsus (90/0; R0), 2) I. zollingeriana/C. calothyrsus (75/15; R1), 3) I. zollingeriana/C. calothyrsus (60/30; R2) and 4) I. zollingeriana / C. calothyrsus (45/45; R3). The physical quality study of green pellet concentrate was performed using a completely randomized design with four types of green concentrate as treatments of three replications. Green pellet concentrate studies conducted in vitro rumen fermentation were performed using in a randomized block design with four treatments and three sources of liquid rumen as a block. The results of the experiments conducted with pellet criteria containing I. zollingeriana/C. calothyrsus composition (60/30; R2) have the best physical character (water activity = 0.58; particles size = 12.69 mm; degree value angles = 21.01o; collision endurance = 99.78%; endurance friction = 90.42 %; bulk density = 590 kg/m3) compared to the other treatments. The quality of diet based on digestibility in vitro, dry matter and organic material having a pattern equal to R0 is higher (P<0.05) compared with other treatments, while the rough digestibility of In Vitro protein is seen R0, R1, and R2 (P>0.05), but (P<0.05) was higher than the treatment of R3. There was no difference of pH and total bacteria on green pellet concentrate type. The treatment of R3 has the lowest NH3, VFA and total gas concentration (P<0.5) compared with R2, R1 and R0. It was concluded that concentrate green pellet of I. zollingeriana composition (60%) and C.calothyrsus (30%) had better physical and nutritional quality.

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Kualitas Semen Cair Kambing Boer Berbahan Pengencer Air Kelapa Muda Varietas Viridis Setelah Simpan Dingin

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Tropis ◽

10.33772/jitro.v6i1.5449 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Muhammad Ade Salim ◽

Muhammad Nur Ihsan ◽

Nur Isnaini ◽

Trinil Susilawati

Keyword(s):

Semen Quality ◽

Block Design ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Coconut Water ◽

Boer Goat ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Frozen Semen ◽

Artificial Vagina

ABSTRAKAir kelapa muda varietas viridisdapat dijadikan pengencer aletrnatif semen cair bagi program IB di daerah minim sarana semen beku. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan air kelapa muda viridissebagai bahan pengencer terhadap kualitas semen cair kambing Boer setelah didinginkan. Dilaksanakanselama 3 bulan di Laboratorium Fakultas Peternakan UBUnit SumberSekar,Malang. Metodenya yaitu eksperimen. Semen dari 3 pejantan Boer umur 3-5 tahun, dikoleksi seminggu sekali dengan VB. Air kelapa mudaviridis umur 5-7 bulan serta tris aminomethane sebagai kontrol. Didesain menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 perlakuan yaitu P0 (tris aminomethane + 10% KT) dan P1 (air kelapa muda viridis + 10% KT) masing-masing diulang 10 kali. Data dianalisis dengan analisis Ragam (Anova) dengan software Genstat 18. Variabelnya yaitu motilitas individu, viabilitas dan abnormalitas. Hasil penelitian yaitu motilitas individu pada P1bertahan sampai 4 hari (40,5± 24,3%), viabilitas terbaik sampai hari ke-5 (42±24,6%), abnormalitas terendah di hari ke-7(1,31± 0,6). Kesimpulannya, Pengencer air kelapa muda viridis dapat mempertahankan kualitas semen cair kambing Boer selama 4 hari untuk motilitas dan 5 hari untuk viabilitas.Kata Kunci:pengencer, air kelapa, varietas viridisABSTRACTYoung viridis coconut water could be used as an alternative to liquid semen diluent for artificial insemination program in the area with limited facility for frozen semen production. This study evaluated the use of young coconut water as a diluent on liquid semen quality of Boer goat after cold storage. This study was carried out for 3 months at Sumber Sekar Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, University of Brawijaya, Malang. The semen was collected from 3 Boer bucks aged at 3 to 5 years old. The semen collection was done once a week with the aid of artificial vagina. The diluents used were young Viridis coconut (5 to 7 months old) and tris aminomethane. The method used was an experiment in a randomized block design with 2 treatments and 10 replicates. The treatments used were T0: tris aminomethane + 10% egg yolk (control) and T1: young Viridis coconut water + 10% egg yolk. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using Genstat 18 software. The variables measured were sperm individual motility, viability, and abnormality. The results showed that the sperm individual motility in T1 survived up to 4 days (40.5± 24.3%), the best viability at 5 days (42.0±24.6%), while the lowest abnormality at 7 days (1.31±0.6). It could be concluded that: 1. Tris aminomethane diluent has higher quality with the storage length up to 9 days, 2. Young Viridis coconut water diluent could preserve liquid semen quality of Boer goat up to 4 days for sperm motility and 5 days for sperm viability.Keywords: diluents, coconut water, viridis variety

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Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield and Quality of Garlic cv. Yamuna Safed-3

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v7i04.19399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (04) ◽

Author(s):

A B Priyanshu ◽

M K Singh ◽

Mukesh Kumar ◽

Vipin Kumar ◽

Sunil Malik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Management ◽

Block Design ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Organic Fertilizers ◽

Research Centre ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The Impact ◽

Horticultural Research

An experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Centre, SVP University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut (UP) during Rabi season of 2018-19 to assess the impact of different INM doses on yield and quality parameters of garlic. A total of ten treatments consisting of combinations of inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers and bio-fertilizers like T1- (Control), T2RDF (100:50:50 kg NPK ha-1), T3-RDF + 20 kg sulphur + FYM 20 ton ha-1, T4- RDF + 20 kg sulphur + VC 4 ton ha-1, T5- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 5 ton FYM ha-1+ PSB 5 kg ha-1, T6-75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + 2 ton VC + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1, T7- 75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 3 ton + VC 1 ton+ PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5kg ha-1, T8- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg ha-1, T9- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM5 ton + VC 2 ton+ Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1and T10- 50% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM 5 ton + VC2 ton + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1 were used in Randomized Block Design and replicated thrice. Out of these an application of T7 (75% RDF + 40 kg sulphur + FYM3 ton + VC 1 ton ha-1 + PSB 5 kg + Azotobacter 5 kg ha-1) was found to be significantly superior in term of yield and attributing parameters of garlic.

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Nutritional value of sorghum silages

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v39i2.32677 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 137

Author(s):

Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽

Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽

Renê Ferreira Costa ◽

Daniella Cangussú Tolentino ◽

João Paulo Sampaio Rigueira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Block Design ◽

Significance Level ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Nutritional Characteristics ◽

High Participation ◽

Sorghum Genotypes

This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional characteristics and quality of silages of five sorghum genotypes, namely: Volumax, AG2005E, Qualimax, BRS610 and AG2501. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm Unimontes, in the municipality of Janaúba, state of Minas Gerais. The treatments were distributed in a randomized block design with four replicates. Data were tested by analysis of variance andmeans were compared by Scott-Knott test at a significance level of 5%. The pH values ranged from 3.93 and 4.10. Genotypes differed in all studied nutritional characteristics (p < 0.05). For the acid detergent fiber, differences were detected between the genotypes, AG2501 (35.66%), Volumax (34.89%), AG2005E (34.53%), Qualimax (32.39%) and BRS610 (33.60%). The high participation of lignin was verifiedin all genotypes except for Volumax (4.14%). All silages were within the recommended range 50-65% for in vitro dry matter digestibility and classified as having good quality, however only the AG2005E genotype met nitrogen requirements for microbial fermentation, with 7.06% crude protein.

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Long-term effects of feeding diets without mineral phosphorus supplementation on the performance and phosphorus excretion in high-yielding dairy cows

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas07047 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 639-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

N. E. Odongo ◽

D. McKnight ◽

A. KoekKoek ◽

J. W. Fisher ◽

P. Sharpe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Block Design ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Total Mixed Ration ◽

Mineral Phosphorus ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Randomized Design

The objective of this study was to assess the long-term effects of feeding a diet with no mineral phosphorus (P) supplementation on performance and P excretion in high-yielding dairy cows. In exp. 1, 24 primiparous (PP) and 40 multiparous (MP) Holstein cows were allocated to one of two treatments at calving: (1) regular corn silage and alfalfa haylage based milking cow total mixed ration (TMR; 0.42% P diet) or (2) milking cow total mixed ration (TMR) without supplemental mineral P (0.35% P diet) in a completely randomized design. The trial lasted until after two lactations were completed or the cow was culled. In exp. 2, eight MP Holstein cows (108 ± 8.0 d in milk) were used to determine P digestibility and retention in a completely randomized block design. In exp. 1, the 0.35% P diet cows had lower body weight, body condition score and milk urea nitrogen and higher faecal P than the 0.42% P cows. The dry matter intake (DMI) of PP cows on the 0.35% P diet was lower than that of PP cows on the 0.42% P diet. There was no difference in the DMI of MP cows. The P intake of 0.35% P diet PP cows was 30% lower than that of 0.42% P diet PP cows. The P intake of 0.35% P diet MP cows was 20% lower than that of 0.42% P diet MP. The digestibility coefficient of P for the 0.35% P diet was higher than that for the 0.42% P diet. These results suggest that the forages used in the present study contained adequate amounts of P to sustain milk production in high-yielding MP cows. However, for PP cows some mineral P supplementation is recommended especially during early lactation. Key words: Phosphorus, environmental pollution, intensive dairy operations

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Lignification of the plant and seed quality of RR soybeans sprayed with herbicide glyphosate

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2013000200019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 286-292

Author(s):

Cristiane Fortes Gris ◽

Edila Vilela de Resende Von Pinho ◽

Maria Laene de Moreira Carvalho ◽

Rafael Parreira Diniz ◽

Thaís de Andrade

Keyword(s):

Seed Quality ◽

Lignin Content ◽

Block Design ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Soybean Seeds ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Physiological Quality ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Herbicide Glyphosate

Differences in levels of lignin in the plant between conventional and transgenic cultivars RR has been reported by several authors, however, there are few studies evaluating the influence of spraying of glyphosate on the lignin in the plant and RR soybean seeds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of RR transgenic soybean seeds and the lignin contents of plants sprayed with the herbicide glyphosate. The assays were conducted both in greenhouse and field in the municipality of Lavras, MG, in the agricultural year 2007/08. The experiment was arranged in a splitplot design with four replicates, considering the treatments hand weeding and herbicide glyphosate as plots, and five RR soybean cultivars (BRS 245 RR, BRS 247 RR, Valiosa RR, Silvânia RR and Baliza RR) as splitplots. In the greenhouse, the cultivars tested were BRS 245 RR and Valiosa RR in a randomized block design with four replicates. The sprayings were carried out at stages V3, V7 and early R5 (3L/ha). The 1000 seed weight, mechanical injury, germination and germination velocity index, emergence velocity index, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and water soaking seed test, lignin content in the seed coat, in the stem and legumes were determined. The spraying of glyphosate herbicide, in greenhouse and field, did not alter the physiological quality of seeds and the lignin contents in the plant.

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Influence of vernalization and bulb size on the production of lily cut flowers and lily bulbs

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4supl1p2399 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽

pp. 2399 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diogo Brito de Almeida ◽

José Geraldo Barbosa ◽

José Antônio Saraiva Grossi ◽

Fernando Luiz Finger ◽

Joice Crescencio Heidemann

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Block Design ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Floral Buds ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Commercial Harvest ◽

Physiological Phenomenon ◽

Cold Chamber ◽

The Impact

Exposure of bulbs to cold, a physiological phenomenon called vernalization, and bulb size are important factors in the production of lily bulbs and flowers. This study aimed to verify the influence of vernalization of bulbs on flowering cut lily plants, as well as the impact of size and shape of harvest on the production and quality of flowers and bulbs. In turn, the way the stems of the plants used for cut-flower production are cropped is of higher importance for the production of new flower bulbs. In this sense, the experiment was conducted in Viçosa, MG, in a greenhouse in a randomized block design, in split splot scheme with three replications, in which the vernalization periods (25, 35 and 45 days at 4 ± 1 C) constituted the plots; bulb sizes (diameters of 3.2-3.8 cm; 2.5-3.2 cm 1.9- and 2.5 cm), subplots and ways to harvest (full harvest of the stem at the required length for the commercial harvest of the flower, commercial stem harvest at the commercial length, maintaining 10cm of stem in the soil; removal of the floral buds as soon as their appearance is observed and harvest at the end of the season), the sub subplots. The bulbs were planted in beds, with 15 x 20 cm spacing. It was evaluated the number of plants that flowered and the number of flowers, the length and the diameter of the floral buds, fresh and dry weights, diameter and plant height as well as number, perimeter and amount of fresh and dry bulbs. There was a decrease in the plant height with the increase of the vernalization period and a reduction of the diameter of the planted bulbs, as well as of the number and the fresh and dry weights of the produced buds. The production of flowers and buds in number, size and weight was directly proportional to the size of the planted bulbs, while the form of harvest with removal of flower buds increased the number, the perimeter and the fresh and dry weights of the buds. Bulbs with diameter between 3.2 - 3.8 cm, stored for 25 days in cold chamber enable greater production of flowers and the highest stem height, factors that favor the increase in market value.

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