Cow raising in the Mekong Delta - The current status of waste treatment and risk of greenhouse gas emissions

This study was aimed to assess the status of waste treatment for cow raising at small farm households in Can Tho, Tra Vinh, Soc Trang, and Hau Giang. The interview of 120 cow farmer households indicated that local farmers normally treat their waste by sun-drying, storing in ponds, discharging directly into rivers, or applying to anaerobic biogas. The farmers select ways to treat cow excrement according to seasons of the year: in the dry season cow waste is mostly sun-dried for sale (76.7%); stored for use (10%), untreated (7.5%) or applied to biogas plants (5.8%); however, in the rainy season most of the farmers leave the waste untreated (94.2%), except for those owning biogas tanks. Biogas treatment is applied mainly by dairy cow-raising households, accounting for 85.7% of biogas users. The cow farmer households have limited knowledge about biogas application; 23.3% of the interviewed farmers knew about biogas technology; 47.5% had little knowledge about this technology, however, 29.2% of the selected persons had no idea about biogas technology. Based on the quantity of beef cattle herds in the surveyed areas, it is estimated that CH4 gas emissions account for around 252.3 tons, 61.4 tons, 8.2 tons, and 2.5 tons in Soc Trang, Tra Vinh, Can Tho, and Hau Giang, respectively. Nghiên cứu này nhằm đánh giá hiện trạng xử lý chất thải tại các hộ chăn nuôi bò ở thành phố Cần Thơ và các tỉnh Trà Vinh, Sóc Trăng, Hậu Giang. Tổng số 120 hộ chăn nuôi đã được phỏng vấn cho thấy có 4 phương pháp xử lý chính để xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi phát sinh: ủ yếm khí (biogas), phơi khô và bán, trữ lại trong ao để sử dụng, và không xử lý. Tùy theo thời điểm trong năm người dân sẽ thay đổi cách thức xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi bò: vào mùa khô có nhiều nắng chủ yếu người dân phơi khô để bán (76,7%), để lại và sử dụng (10%), dùng để ủ biogas (5,8%), và không xử lý (7,5%); tuy nhiên vào mùa mưa hầu hết các hộ dân không xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi (94,2%), chỉ trừ những hộ dân đã có hầm ủ biogas để xử lý. Xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi bằng công nghệ biogas được áp dụng phổ biến ở các hộ nuôi bò sữa, chiếm 85,7% số hộ có hầm ủ biogas. Sự hiểu biết về công nghệ biogas của các hộ chăn nuôi còn khá giới hạn, chỉ 23,3% hộ dân được phỏng vấn biết về công nghệ biogas, 47,5% hộ biết ít về công nghệ này, trong khi 29,2% hộ dân hoàn toàn không biết. Dựa trên số lượng đàn bò thịt trong vùng khảo sát, có thể tính được lượng CH4 phát thải hàng năm từ chất thải chăn nuôi là 252,3 tấn, 61,4 tấn, 8,2 tấn và 2,5 tấn từ các địa phương Sóc Trăng, Trà Vinh, Cần Thơ, và Hậu Giang.

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Review on the most popular anaerobic digester models in the Mekong Delta

Journal of Vietnamese Environment ◽

10.13141/jve.vol2.no1.pp8-19 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 8-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Vo Chau Ngan Nguyen ◽

Trung Hieu Phan ◽

Hoang Nam Vo

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Farming System ◽

Biogas Plant ◽

Viet Nam ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Development History ◽

Biogas Plants ◽

Biogas Technology

In Vietnam, the research and application of biogas technology were given a considerable attention in past 30 years. There is several biogas plant models apply in the suburban and rural areas where most people’s life is based on animal husbandry. Each biogas plant model own strong points or weakness that adapt to detail circumstances. The biogas plants play a key role within the VACB farming system especially in the Mekong Delta where produce more than 50% of yearly national agriculture production. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the popular biogas models in the Mekong Delta through its development history. Knowing on the presented biogas technology in the Mekong Delta will lead the biogas-related organizations or private on biogas development at this region. Ở Việt Nam việc nghiên cứu và ứng dụng công nghệ khí sinh học đã được chú ý trong 30 năm gần đây. Một số mô hình khí sinh học đã và đang được lắp đặt tại các vùng ngoại ô và nông thôn là những nơi tập trung nhiều hộ dân chăn nuôi heo. Có nhiều mô hình khí sinh học đã được triển khai, trong đó mỗi mô hình đều có những điểm mạnh và điểm yếu đáp ứng theo từng yêu cầu cụ thể. Ở ĐBSCL nơi sản xuất trên 50% sản lượng nông nghiệp của cả nước, hầm ủ khí sinh học đóng một vai trò quan trọng trong mô hình canh tác VACB. Bài báo này trình bày chi tiết các kiểu hầm ủ khí sinh học phổ biến tại ĐBSCL tương ứng với từng thời điểm phát triển của công nghệ này. Sự hiểu biết về các kiểu hầm ủ khí sinh học hiện tại ở ĐBSCL sẽ giúp các tổ chức hoặc cá nhân có liên quan trong việc định hướng phát triển công nghệ khí sinh học cho toàn vùng.

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Small-scale anaerobic digesters in Vietnam – development and challenges

Journal of Vietnamese Environment ◽

10.13141/jve.vol1.no1.pp12-18 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 12-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Vo Chau Ngan Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Waste Treatment ◽

Small Scale ◽

Viet Nam ◽

Livestock Waste ◽

Current Development ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Anaerobic Digesters ◽

Biogas Plants ◽

Small Scale Farmers ◽

Biogas Technology

Small-scale anaerobic digesters, known as biogas plants, were applied as an optimal livestock waste treatment as well as biogas supply for cooking and lighting demand for small-scale farmers in Vietnam. Although the biogas technology was introduced for nearly 30 years, the number of the constructed biogas plants is still limited. The current development of biogas plants is far below the real demand on livestock waste treatment that has increased significantly. This paper gives a comprehensive overview on the biogas plant development in Vietnam and attempts to address the challenges and discuss appropriate solutions for the further biogas development. Mô hìnhlên men yếm khíquy mô nhỏ (được biếtvới tên hầm ủ khí sinh học) đã được ứng dụng hiệu quả trongxử lý chất thải chăn nuôicũng nhưcung cấpnguồn nhiên liệu phục vụ nhu cầu nấu ănvàthắp sáng cho các hộ chăn nuôi nhỏ ở Việt Nam. Mặc dù đã hiện diện gần 30 năm, nhưng số lượng hầm ủ khí sinhhọc vẫn còn hạn chế. Sự gia tăng số lượnghầm ủ khí sinh học chưa theo kịp với nhu cầu về xử lý chất thải chăn nuôi đang ngày càng gia tăng. Bài báo trình bày các chặng đường phát triển của hầm ủ khí sinh học tại Việt Nam, ghi nhận các thách thức trong việcnhân rộng hầm ủ khí sinh họctrong thực tế và thảo luận một sốgiải pháp để phát triển công nghệ khí sinh học.

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Biodiesel production and use for agricultural production in the mekong delta: current status and potential

Can Tho University Journal of Science ◽

10.22144/ctu.jsi.2016.012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol Renewable Energy ◽

pp. 80

Author(s):

Tin, N.H. ◽

Hue, B.T.B. ◽

Thuy, T.L.K. ◽

Phuong, T.L. ◽

Duyen, C.M. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Mekong Delta ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Current Status

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Dental Applications of Carbon Nanotubes

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154423 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4423

Author(s):

Marco A. Castro-Rojas ◽

Yadira I. Vega-Cantu ◽

Geoffrey A. Cordell ◽

Aida Rodriguez-Garcia

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Current Status ◽

Glass Ionomer ◽

Oral Infections ◽

Functional Behavior ◽

The Status ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Dental Applications

Glass ionomer cements and resin-based composites are promising materials in restorative dentistry. However, their limited mechanical properties and the risk of bulk/marginal fracture compromise their lifespan. Intensive research has been conducted to understand and develop new materials that can mimic the functional behavior of the oral cavity. Nanotechnological approaches have emerged to treat oral infections and become a part of scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Carbon nanotubes are promising materials to create multifunctional platforms for dental applications. This review provides a comprehensive survey of and information on the status of this state-of-the-art technology and describes the development of glass ionomers reinforced with carbon nanotubes possessing improved mechanical properties. The applications of carbon nanotubes in drug delivery and tissue engineering for healing infections and lesions of the oral cavity are also described. The review concludes with a summary of the current status and presents a vision of future applications of carbon nanotubes in the practice of dentistry.

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The Brown Seaweeds of Scotland, Their Importance and Applications

Environments ◽

10.3390/environments8060059 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Omar Al-Dulaimi ◽

Mostafa E. Rateb ◽

Andrew S. Hursthouse ◽

Gary Thomson ◽

Mohammed Yaseen

Keyword(s):

Waste Treatment ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Chemical Diversity ◽

Great Opportunity ◽

Brown Seaweeds ◽

Extraction And Separation ◽

The Status ◽

Potential Applications ◽

The Uk ◽

Phytochemical Profiles

More than 50% of the UK coastline is situated in Scotland under legislative jurisdiction; therefore, there is a great opportunity for regionally focused economic development by the rational use of sustainable marine bio-sources. We review the importance of seaweeds in general, and more specifically, wrack brown seaweeds which are washed from the sea and accumulated in the wrack zone and their economic impact. Rules and regulations governing the harvesting of seaweed, potential sites for harvesting, along with the status of industrial application are discussed. We describe extraction and separation methods of natural products from these seaweeds along with their phytochemical profiles. Many potential applications for these derivatives exist in agriculture, energy, nutrition, biomaterials, waste treatment (composting), pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and other applications. The chemical diversity of the natural compounds present in these seaweeds is an opportunity to further investigate a range of chemical scaffolds, evaluate their biological activities, and develop them for better pharmaceutical or biotechnological applications. The key message is the significant opportunity for the development of high value products from a seaweed processing industry in Scotland, based on a sustainable resource, and locally regulated.

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Institutional repositories in Africa: Regaining direction

Information Development ◽

10.1177/02666669211015429 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026666692110154

Author(s):

Usman Ahmed Adam ◽

Kiran Kaur

Keyword(s):

Open Access ◽

Research Output ◽

Current Status ◽

African Countries ◽

Institutional Repositories ◽

Widespread Implementation ◽

Typical Performance ◽

The Status ◽

Global Access ◽

And Cluster Analysis

Institutional repositories are powerful tools to facilitate global access to intellectual output by members of the institution, particularly in assisting them to preserve and maximize access to their research output globally. This exploratory study of the status of institutional repositories implementation in African countries using the global Directory of Open Access Repositories (OpenDOAR) and Transparent Ranking: All Repositories by Google Scholar, reports on the operational status and the performance of repositories. Factor analysis and cluster analysis are used to analyze the operational level of institutional repositories in African countries. The analysis showed that the typical performance of institutional repositories remains below average. The possibility of global open access to research results through institutional repositories in South Africa, Kenya, Nigeria, Algeria, Sudan, and Egypt appeared to be relatively more feasible than other African countries. This study concludes that many organizations, institutions, and societies spend great efforts in support of open access implementation in Africa, however, the widespread implementation of institutional repositories is still very slow paced, and the performance of the implemented repositories was below expectation. Suggestions for regaining the intended direction of African institutional repositories are given based on the current status.

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The Use of Chemical Sensors to Monitor Odour Emissions at Municipal Waste Biogas Plants

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11093916 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 3916

Author(s):

Marta Wiśniewska ◽

Andrzej Kulig ◽

Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin

Keyword(s):

Waste Treatment ◽

Well Being ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Quantitative Composition ◽

Technological Processes ◽

Odour Activity Value ◽

Gas Detector ◽

Biogas Plants ◽

Odour Emissions

Municipal waste treatment plants are an important element of the urban area infrastructure, but also, they are a potential source of odour nuisance. Odour impact from municipal waste processing plants raises social concerns regarding the well-being of employees operating the plants and residents of nearby areas. Chemical methods involve the determination of the quantitative composition of compounds comprising odour. These methods are less costly than olfactometry, and their efficiency is not dependent on human response. The relationship between the concentration of a single odorant and its odour threshold (OT) is determined by the odour activity value (OAV) parameter. The research involved the application of a multi-gas detector, MultiRae Pro. Measurements by means of the device were conducted at three municipal waste biogas plants located in Poland. In this paper we describe the results obtained when using a detector during the technological processes, the unitary procedures conducted at the plants, and the technological regime. The determination of these relationships could be useful in the development of odour nuisance minimization procedures at treatment plants and the adjustment to them. This is of paramount importance from the viewpoint of the safety and hygiene of the employees operating the installations and the comfort of residents in the areas surrounding biogas plants. Monitoring of expressed odorant emissions allows the course of technological processes and conducted unit operations to be controlled.

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Application of lean practices in small and medium-sized food enterprises

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-05-2012-0107 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 116 (1) ◽

pp. 125-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Manoj Dora ◽

Dirk Van Goubergen ◽

Maneesh Kumar ◽

Adrienn Molnar ◽

Xavier Gellynck

Keyword(s):

Food Processing ◽

Lean Manufacturing ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Current Status ◽

Food Sector ◽

Statistical Process ◽

Content Type ◽

Lean Practices ◽

The Status ◽

Manufacturing Techniques

Purpose – Recent literature emphasizes the application of lean manufacturing practices to food processing industries in order to improve operational efficiency and productivity. Only a very limited number of studies have focused on the implementation of lean manufacturing practices within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) operating in the food sector. The majority of these studies used the case study method and concentrated on individual lean manufacturing techniques geared towards resolving efficiency issues. This paper aims to analyze the status of the lean manufacturing practices and their benefits and barriers among European food processing SMEs. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire was developed to collect data. A total of 35 SMEs' representatives, mostly CEOs and operations managers, participated in the survey. The study investigated the role of two control variables in lean implementation: size of the company and country of origin. Findings – The findings show that lean manufacturing practice deployment in food processing SMEs is generally low and still evolving. However, some lean manufacturing practices are more prevalent than others; e.g. flow, pull and statistical process control are not widely used by the food processing SMEs, whereas total productive maintenance, employee involvement, and customer association are more widespread. The key barriers encountered by food SMEs in the implementation of lean manufacturing practices result from the special characteristics of the food sector, such as highly perishable products, complicated processing, extremely variable raw materials, recipes and unpredictable demand. In addition, lack of knowledge and resources makes it difficult for food processing SMEs to embark on the lean journey. Originality/value – The gap in the literature regarding the application of lean manufacturing in the food sector is identified and addressed in this study. The originality of this paper lies in analyzing the current status of the use of lean manufacturing practices among food SMEs in Europe and identifying potential barriers.

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The Current Status of Hearing Care: Can We Change the Status Quo?

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.3766/jaaa.16.7.2 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (07) ◽

pp. 410-418 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dennis Van Vliet

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Care Delivery ◽

The United States ◽

Status Quo ◽

Hearing Impaired ◽

Current Status ◽

High Quality ◽

Scientific Database ◽

The Status

The members of the profession of audiology often express concern that the services and products that have been developed to provide benefit to the hearing impaired are not sought after or delivered to the majority of those diagnosed with hearing loss. A critical look at the status quo of hearing care delivery in the United States is needed to verify this assumption and to develop strategies to improve the situation. A key concern is the lack of a comprehensive high-quality scientific database upon which to build continuous improvements in the effectiveness of the services and products that are provided to the hearing impaired.

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